Prospects for molecular farming in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

Current Opinion in Plant Biology

Volumn 7, Issue 2, 2004, Pages 159-165

  Franklin, Scott E ^a   Mayfield, Stephen P ^a  

^a SCRIPPS RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (United States)

Author keywords

aad; Aminoglycoside 3 adenyl transferase gene; atpA; ble; Gene encoding the subunit of the chloroplast ATP synthase complex; GFP; Green fluorescent protein; mAbs; Monoclonal antibodies; Phleomycin resistance gene; psbA

Indexed keywords

ALGAL PROTEIN; RECOMBINANT PROTEIN;

ANIMAL; CELL NUCLEUS; CHLAMYDOMONAS REINHARDTII; CHLOROPLAST; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION; GENETICS; METABOLISM; METHODOLOGY; MOLECULAR CLONING; REVIEW;

ALGAL PROTEINS; ANIMALS; CELL NUCLEUS; CHLAMYDOMONAS REINHARDTII; CHLOROPLASTS; CLONING, MOLECULAR; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION; RECOMBINANT PROTEINS;

ALGAE; ANIMALIA; CHLAMYDOMONAS; CHLAMYDOMONAS REINHARDTII; CHLOROPHYTA; EUKARYOTA; MAMMALIA;

EID: 1542321146     PISSN: 13695266     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2004.01.012     Document Type: Review

References (40)

1. Dove A. Uncorking the biomanufacturing bottleneck. Nat Biotechnol. 20:2002;777-779 The author describes the myriad systems currently being explored for therapeutic protein expression, ranging from chickens to corn.
2. Hiatt A., Cafferkey R., Bowdish K. Production of antibodies in transgenic plants. Nature. 342:1989;76-78.
3. Ma J.K.C., Hiatt A., Hein M., Vine N.D., Wang F., Stabila P., van Dolleweerd C., Mostov K., Lehner T. Generation and assembly of secretory antibodies in plants. Science. 268:1995;716-719.
4. Ellstrand N. When transgenes wander, should we worry? Plant Physiol. 125:2001;1543-1545.
5. Riegel M.A., Lamond M., Preston C., Powles S.B., Roush R.T. Pollen-mediated movement of herbicide resistance between commercial canola fields. Science. 296:2002;2386-2388.
6. Rochaix JD, Merchant S, Goldschmidt-Clermont M (Eds): The Molecular Biology of Chloroplasts and Mitochondria in Chlamydomonas. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers; 2000.
7. Grossman A.R. Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and photosynthesis: genetics to genomics. Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. 3:2000;132-137.
8. Lilly J.W., Maul J.E., Stern D.B. The Chlamydomonas reinhardtii organellar genomes respond transcriptionally and post-transcriptionally to abiotic stimuli. Plant Cell. 14:2002;2681-2706 This paper is encyclopedic in describing the number of growth conditions and chloroplast genes that were assayed. A very good source for those interested in how environment influences mRNA accumulation in the Chlamydomonas chloroplast.
9. Schroda M., Blocker D., Beck C.F. The HSP70A promoter as a tool for the improved expression of transgenes in Chlamydomonas. Plant J. 21:2000;121-131.
10. Im C.S., Grossman A.R. Identification and regulation of high light-induced genes in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Plant J. 30:2002;301-313.
11. Mayfield S.P., Kindle K.L. Stable nuclear transformation of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii using a C. reinhardtii gene as a selectable marker. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 87:1990;2087-2091.
12. Kindle K.L. High frequency nuclear transformation of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 87:1990;1228-1232.
13. Mayfield S.P. Over-expression of the oxygen evolving enhancer I (OEE1) protein and its consequences on photosystem II accumulation. Planta. 185:1991;105-110.
14. Dunahy T.G. Transformation of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii with silicon carbide whiskers. Biotechniques. 15:1993;452-460.
15. Debuchy R., Purton S., Rochaix J. The argininosuccinate lyase gene of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii: an important tool for nuclear transformation and for correlating the genetic and molecular maps of the ARG7 locus. EMBO J. 8:1989;2803-2809.
16. Cerutti H., Johnson A.M., Gillham N.W., Boynton J.E. A eubacterial gene conferring spectinomycin resistance on Chlamydomonas reinhardtii: integration into the nuclear genome and gene expression. Genetics. 145:1997;97-110.
17. Stevens D.R., Rochaix J.D., Purton S. The bacterial phleomycin resistance gene ble as a dominant selectable marker in Chlamydomonas. Mol. Gen. Genet. 251:1996;23-30.
18. Nakamura Y., Gojobori T., Ikemura T. Codon usage tabulated from international DNA sequence databases: status for the year 2000. Nucleic Acids Res. 28:2000;292.
19. Fuhrmann M., Oertel W., Hegemann P. A synthetic gene coding for the green fluorescent protein (GFP) is a versatile reporter in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Plant J. 19:1999;353-361.
20. Franklin S., Ngo B., Efuet E., Mayfield S.P. Development of a GFP reporter gene for Chlamydomonas reinhardtii chloroplast. Plant J. 30:2002;733-744 The authors demonstrate that high levels of a recombinant protein can accumulate in C. reinhardtii chloroplasts if codon usage in the transgene is optimized to reflect that in the chloroplast genome.
21. Lechtreck K.F., Rostmann J., Grunow A. Analysis of Chlamydomonas SF-assemblin by GFP tagging and expression of antisense constructs. J. Cell. Sci. 115:2002;1511-1522.
22. Lumbreras V., Stevens D.R., Purton S. Efficient foreign gene expression in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii mediated by an endogenous intron. Plant J. 14:1998;441-447.
23. Kovar J.L., Zhang J., Funke R.P., Weeks D.P. Molecular analysis of the acetolactate synthase gene of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and the development of a genetically engineered gene as a dominant selectable marker for genetic transformation. Plant J. 29:2002;109-117.
24. Cerutti H., Johnson A., Gilham N.W., Boynton J.E. Epigenetic silencing of a foreign gene in nuclear transformants of Chlamydomonas. Plant Cell. 9:1997;925-945.
25. Wu-Scharf D., Jeong B., Zhang C., Cerutti H. Transgene and transposon silencing in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii by a DEAH-box RNA helicase. Science. 290:2000;1159-1162.
26. Zhang C., Wu-Scharf D., Jeong B., Cerutti H. A WD40-repeat containing protein similar to a fungal co-repressor, is required for transcriptional gene silencing in Chlamydomonas. Plant J. 31:2002;25-36.
27. Boynton J.E., Gillham N.W., Harris E.H., Hosler J.P., Johnson A.M., Jones A.R., Randolph-Anderson B.L., Robertson D., Klein T.M., Shark K.B.et al. Chloroplast transformation in Chlamydomonas with high velocity microprojectiles. Science. 240:1988;1534-1538.
28. Goldschmidt-Clermont M. Transgenic expression of aminoglycoside adenine transferase in the chloroplast: a selectable marker for site-directed transformation of Chlamydomonas. Nucleic Acids Res. 19:1991;4083-4089.
29. Bateman J.M., Purton S. Tools for chloroplast transformation in Chlamydomonas: expression vectors and a new dominant selectable marker. Mol. Gen. Genet. 263:2000;404-410.
30. Ishikura K., Takaoka Y., Kato K., Sekine M., Yoshida K., Shinmyo A. Expression of a foreign gene in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii chloroplast. J. Biosci. Bioeng. 87:1999;307-314.
31. Minko I., Holloway S.P., Nikaido S., Carter M., Odom O.W., Johnson C.H., Herrin D.L. Renilla luciferase as a vital reporter for chloroplast gene expression in Chlamydomonas. Mol. Gen. Genet. 262:1999;421-425.
32. Mayfield S., Schultz J. Development of a luciferase reporter gene, luxCt, for Chlamydomonas reinhardtii chloroplast. Plant J. 37:2004;449-458 LuxAB is identified as a robust in-vivo reporter that functions in real-time for the analysis of chloroplast gene expression.
33. Mayfield S.P., Franklin S., Lerner R. Expression and assembly of a fully active antibody in algae. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 100:2003;438-442 The authors demonstrate that human monoclonal antibodies can accumulate and assemble in a fully functional form in an eukaryotic, algal chloroplast.
34. Zerges W. Translation in chloroplasts. Biochimie. 82:2000;583-601.
35. Eberhard S., Drapier D., Wollman F.A. Searching for the limiting steps in the expression of chloroplast-encoded proteins: relations between gene copy number, transcription, transcript abundance and translation rate in the chloroplast of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Plant J. 31:2002;149-160 The work described in this paper demonstrates conclusively that translation is the key step in gene expression for most chloroplast genes. Understanding how this is accomplished is crucial to increasing recombinant protein accumulation in the chloroplast.
36. Kasai S., Yoshimura S., Ishikura K., Takaoka Y., Kobayashi K., Kato K., Shinmyo A. Effect of coding regions on chloroplast gene expression in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. J. Biosci. Bioeng. 95:2003;276-282.
37. Kuroda H., Maliga P. Sequences downstream of the translation initiation codon are important determinants of translation efficiency in chloroplasts. Plant Physiol. 125:2001;430-436.
38. Heifetz P.B., Tuttle A.M. Protein expression in plastids. Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. 4:2001;157-161.
39. Maliga P. Progress towards commercialization of plastid transformation technology. Trends Biotechnol. 21:2003;20-28 This comprehensive review focuses almost exclusively on recombinant protein expression in the tobacco chloroplast. Factors that affect the high-level accumulation of heterologous proteins in the plastid are discussed, with particular attention being given to translational enhancers.
40. Berthold P., Schmitt R., Mages W. An engineered Streptomyces hygroscopicus aph7 gene mediates dominant resistance against hygromycin B in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Protist. 153:2002;401-412.