메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 7, Issue 2, 2005, Pages 292-301

Respiratory nosocomial infections in the medical intensive care unit

Author keywords

Antimicrobial therapy; Non response; Pneumonia; Ventilator

Indexed keywords

ANTACID AGENT; ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT; BETA LACTAM ANTIBIOTIC; CEFUROXIME; CEPHALOSPORIN; HISTAMINE H2 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; IMIPENEM; QUINOLINE DERIVED ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT; RANITIDINE; SUCRALFATE;

EID: 15244356062     PISSN: 12864579     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2004.12.001     Document Type: Short Survey
Times cited : (26)

References (70)
  • 1
    • 0014402317 scopus 로고
    • Infections and antibiotic use among patients at Boston City Hospital-February 1967
    • F.F. Barret Infections and antibiotic use among patients at Boston City Hospital-February 1967 N. Engl. J. Med. 278 1968 5 9
    • (1968) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.278 , pp. 5-9
    • Barret, F.F.1
  • 2
    • 0015429633 scopus 로고
    • Nosocomial respiratory infection with Gram-negative bacilli: The significance of colonization of the respiratory tract
    • W.G. Johanson, A.K. Pierce, J.P. Sanford, and G.D. Thomas Nosocomial respiratory infection with Gram-negative bacilli: the significance of colonization of the respiratory tract Ann. Intern. Med. 77 1972 701 706
    • (1972) Ann. Intern. Med. , vol.77 , pp. 701-706
    • Johanson, W.G.1    Pierce, A.K.2    Sanford, J.P.3    Thomas, G.D.4
  • 3
    • 0029148091 scopus 로고
    • The prevalence of nosocomial infection in intensive care units in Europe. Results of the European Prevalence of Infection in Intensive Care (EPIC) Study
    • J.L. Vincent, D.J. Bihari, P.M. Suter, H.A. Bruining, J. White, and M.H. Nicolas-Chanoin The prevalence of nosocomial infection in intensive care units in Europe. Results of the European Prevalence of Infection in Intensive Care (EPIC) Study JAMA 274 8 1995 639 644
    • (1995) JAMA , vol.274 , Issue.8 , pp. 639-644
    • Vincent, J.L.1    Bihari, D.J.2    Suter, P.M.3    Bruining, H.A.4    White, J.5    Nicolas-Chanoin, M.H.6
  • 5
    • 23444457922 scopus 로고
    • Nosocomial pneumonia in mechanically ventilated patients receiving antacid, ranitidine, or sucralfate as prophylaxis for stress ulcer
    • G. Prodhom, P. Leuenberger, J. Koerfer, A. Blum, R. Chiolero, and M.D. Schaller Nosocomial pneumonia in mechanically ventilated patients receiving antacid, ranitidine, or sucralfate as prophylaxis for stress ulcer Ann. Intern. Med. 120 1994 653 662
    • (1994) Ann. Intern. Med. , vol.120 , pp. 653-662
    • Prodhom, G.1    Leuenberger, P.2    Koerfer, J.3    Blum, A.4    Chiolero, R.5    Schaller, M.D.6
  • 6
    • 0025102886 scopus 로고
    • Incidence, risk, and prognosis factors of nosocomial pneumonia in mechanically ventilated patients
    • A. Torres, R. Aznar, J.M. Gatell, P. Jiḿnez, J. González, and A. Ferrer Incidence, risk, and prognosis factors of nosocomial pneumonia in mechanically ventilated patients Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 142 1990 523 528
    • (1990) Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. , vol.142 , pp. 523-528
    • Torres, A.1    Aznar, R.2    Gatell, J.M.3    Jiḿnez, P.4    González, J.5    Ferrer, A.6
  • 7
    • 0024459493 scopus 로고
    • Long-term respiratory support and risk of pneumonia in critically ill patients. Intensive Care Unit Group of Infection Control
    • M. Langer, P. Mosconi, M. Cigada, and M. Mandelli Long-term respiratory support and risk of pneumonia in critically ill patients. Intensive Care Unit Group of Infection Control Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 140 2 1989 302 305
    • (1989) Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. , vol.140 , Issue.2 , pp. 302-305
    • Langer, M.1    Mosconi, P.2    Cigada, M.3    Mandelli, M.4
  • 8
    • 0024559819 scopus 로고
    • Nosocomial pneumonia in patients receiving continuous mechanical ventilation. Prospective analysis of 52 episodes with use of a protected specimen brush and quantitative culture techniques
    • J.Y. Fagon, J. Chastre, Y. Domart, J.L. Trouillet, J. Pierre, and C. Darne Nosocomial pneumonia in patients receiving continuous mechanical ventilation. Prospective analysis of 52 episodes with use of a protected specimen brush and quantitative culture techniques Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 139 1989 877 884
    • (1989) Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. , vol.139 , pp. 877-884
    • Fagon, J.Y.1    Chastre, J.2    Domart, Y.3    Trouillet, J.L.4    Pierre, J.5    Darne, C.6
  • 9
    • 0032531113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • WSCRGLGGLDRB-BC, for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group, Incidence of and risk factors for ventilator-associated pneumonia in critically ill patients
    • D.J. Cook WSCRGLGGLDRB-BC, for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group, Incidence of and risk factors for ventilator-associated pneumonia in critically ill patients Ann. Intern. Med. 129 1998 433 440 (Ref Type: Abstract)
    • (1998) Ann. Intern. Med. , vol.129 , pp. 433-440
    • Cook, D.J.1
  • 10
    • 0030793580 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia. A comparison of histologic, microbiologic, and clinical criteria
    • S.H. Kirtland, D.E. Corley, R.H. Winterbauer, S.C. Springmeyer, K.R. Casey, and N.B. Hampson The diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia. A comparison of histologic, microbiologic, and clinical criteria Chest 112 1997 445 457
    • (1997) Chest , vol.112 , pp. 445-457
    • Kirtland, S.H.1    Corley, D.E.2    Winterbauer, R.H.3    Springmeyer, S.C.4    Casey, K.R.5    Hampson, N.B.6
  • 15
    • 0031750701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pneumonia in acute respiratory distress syndrome: A prospective evaluation of bilateral bronchoscopic sampling
    • G.U. Meduri, R.C. Reddy, T. Stanley, and F. El-Zeky Pneumonia in acute respiratory distress syndrome: a prospective evaluation of bilateral bronchoscopic sampling Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 158 1998 870 875
    • (1998) Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. , vol.158 , pp. 870-875
    • Meduri, G.U.1    Reddy, R.C.2    Stanley, T.3    El-Zeky, F.4
  • 19
    • 0027382380 scopus 로고
    • Ventilator-associated pneumonia: A multivariate analysis
    • M.H. Kollef Ventilator-associated pneumonia: a multivariate analysis JAMA 270 1993 1965 1970
    • (1993) JAMA , vol.270 , pp. 1965-1970
    • Kollef, M.H.1
  • 20
    • 0035113105 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for noscocomial pneumonia in critically ill trauma patients
    • A. Tejada, E. Bello, and S. Chacone Risk factors for noscocomial pneumonia in critically ill trauma patients Crit. Care Med 29 2 2003 304 309 (Ref Type: Abstract)
    • (2003) Crit. Care Med , vol.29 , Issue.2 , pp. 304-309
    • Tejada, A.1    Bello, E.2    Chacone, S.3
  • 22
    • 0030040693 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identifying early predictors of mortality in pediatric patients with acute leukemia and pneumonia
    • C.J. Randle, L.R. Frankel, and M.D. Amylon Identifying early predictors of mortality in pediatric patients with acute leukemia and pneumonia Chest 109 1996 457 461
    • (1996) Chest , vol.109 , pp. 457-461
    • Randle, C.J.1    Frankel, L.R.2    Amylon, M.D.3
  • 23
    • 0028884314 scopus 로고
    • Bacterial pneumonia in recipients of bone marrow transplantation. A 5-year prospective study
    • I.S. Lossos, R. Breuer, R. Or, N. Strauss, H. Elishoov, and E. Naparstek Bacterial pneumonia in recipients of bone marrow transplantation. A 5-year prospective study Transplantation 60 1995 672 678
    • (1995) Transplantation , vol.60 , pp. 672-678
    • Lossos, I.S.1    Breuer, R.2    Or, R.3    Strauss, N.4    Elishoov, H.5    Naparstek, E.6
  • 24
    • 0026453518 scopus 로고
    • Pneumonia due to Haemophilus influenzae among mechanically ventilated patients: Incidence, outcome and risk factors
    • J. Rello, M. Ricart, V. Ausina, A. Net, and G. Prats Pneumonia due to Haemophilus influenzae among mechanically ventilated patients: Incidence, outcome and risk factors Chest 102 1992 1562 1565
    • (1992) Chest , vol.102 , pp. 1562-1565
    • Rello, J.1    Ricart, M.2    Ausina, V.3    Net, A.4    Prats, G.5
  • 26
    • 0034049811 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multicenter prospective study of ventilator-associated pneumonia during severe acute respiratory distress syndrome: Incidence and diagnosis
    • P. Markowicz, M. Wolff, K. Djedaini, Y. Cohen, J. Chastre, and C. Delclaux Multicenter prospective study of ventilator-associated pneumonia during severe acute respiratory distress syndrome: incidence and diagnosis Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 161 2000 1942 1948
    • (2000) Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. , vol.161 , pp. 1942-1948
    • Markowicz, P.1    Wolff, M.2    Djedaini, K.3    Cohen, Y.4    Chastre, J.5    Delclaux, C.6
  • 27
    • 15244340240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early respiratory microbiology patterns in ARDS: Impact on outcome and accuracy of diagnostic tools
    • (in press).
    • T.T. Bauer, M. Valencia, H. Cabello, S. Ewig, M. Cavalcanti, J.R. Badia, et al., Early respiratory microbiology patterns in ARDS: impact on outcome and accuracy of diagnostic tools. Chest (in press).
    • Chest
    • Bauer, T.T.1    Valencia, M.2    Cabello, H.3    Ewig, S.4    Cavalcanti, M.5    Badia, J.R.6
  • 28
    • 0002415738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nosocomial respiratory infections
    • G.L. Mandell J.E. Bennet R. Dolin Churchill Livingstone Philadelphia, PA
    • L. Strausbaugh Nosocomial respiratory infections G.L. Mandell J.E. Bennet R. Dolin Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases 2000 Churchill Livingstone Philadelphia, PA 3020 3027
    • (2000) Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases , pp. 3020-3027
    • Strausbaugh, L.1
  • 30
    • 0029024556 scopus 로고
    • The pathogenesis of ventilator-associated pneumonia: I. Mechanisms of bacterial transcolonization and airway inoculation
    • R.J. Estes, and G.U. Meduri The pathogenesis of ventilator-associated pneumonia: I. Mechanisms of bacterial transcolonization and airway inoculation Intensive Care Med. 21 4 1995 365 383
    • (1995) Intensive Care Med. , vol.21 , Issue.4 , pp. 365-383
    • Estes, R.J.1    Meduri, G.U.2
  • 31
    • 0030719853 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oropharyngeal or gastric colonization and nosocomial pneumonia in adult intensive care unit patients. A prospective study based on genomic DNA analysis
    • M. Garrouste-Orgeas, S. Chevret, G. Arlet, O. Marie, M. Rouveau, and N. Popoff Oropharyngeal or gastric colonization and nosocomial pneumonia in adult intensive care unit patients. A prospective study based on genomic DNA analysis Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 156 1997 1647 1655
    • (1997) Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. , vol.156 , pp. 1647-1655
    • Garrouste-Orgeas, M.1    Chevret, S.2    Arlet, G.3    Marie, O.4    Rouveau, M.5    Popoff, N.6
  • 32
    • 0032989139 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for developing pneumonia within 48:h of intubation
    • J. Rello, E. Diaz, M. Roque, and J. Valles Risk factors for developing pneumonia within 48:h of intubation Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 159 1999 1742 1746 (Ref Type: Abstract)
    • (1999) Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. , vol.159 , pp. 1742-1746
    • Rello, J.1    Diaz, E.2    Roque, M.3    Valles, J.4
  • 34
    • 0031001758 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protective effect of intravenously administered cefuroxime against nosocomial pneumonia in patients with structural coma
    • J.M. Sirvent, A. Torres, M. El-Ebiary, P. Castro, J. de Batlle, and A. Bonet Protective effect of intravenously administered cefuroxime against nosocomial pneumonia in patients with structural coma Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 155 5 1997 1729 1734
    • (1997) Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. , vol.155 , Issue.5 , pp. 1729-1734
    • Sirvent, J.M.1    Torres, A.2    El-Ebiary, M.3    Castro, P.4    De Batlle, J.5    Bonet, A.6
  • 35
    • 0027367592 scopus 로고
    • Impact of previous antimicrobial therapy on the etiology and outcome of ventilator-associated pneumonia
    • J. Rello, V. Ausina, M. Ricart, J. Castella, and G. Prats Impact of previous antimicrobial therapy on the etiology and outcome of ventilator-associated pneumonia Chest 104 1993 1230 1235 (Ref Type: Abstract)
    • (1993) Chest , vol.104 , pp. 1230-1235
    • Rello, J.1    Ausina, V.2    Ricart, M.3    Castella, J.4    Prats, G.5
  • 37
    • 0026606379 scopus 로고
    • Pulmonary aspiration of gastric contents in patients receiving mechanical ventilation: The effect of body position
    • A. Torres, J. Serra-Batlles, E. Ros, C. Piera, J. Puig de la Bellacasa, and A. Cobos Pulmonary aspiration of gastric contents in patients receiving mechanical ventilation: the effect of body position Ann. Intern. Med. 116 1992 540 543
    • (1992) Ann. Intern. Med. , vol.116 , pp. 540-543
    • Torres, A.1    Serra-Batlles, J.2    Ros, E.3    Piera, C.4    Puig Dela Bellacasa, J.5    Cobos, A.6
  • 38
    • 0033610663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Supine body position as a risk factor for nosocomial pneumonia in mechanically ventilated patients: A randomised trial
    • M.B. Drakulovic, A. Torres, T.T. Bauer, J.M. Nicolas, S. Nogue, and M. Ferrer Supine body position as a risk factor for nosocomial pneumonia in mechanically ventilated patients: a randomised trial Lancet 354 9193 1999 1851 1858
    • (1999) Lancet , vol.354 , Issue.9193 , pp. 1851-1858
    • Drakulovic, M.B.1    Torres, A.2    Bauer, T.T.3    Nicolas, J.M.4    Nogue, S.5    Ferrer, M.6
  • 39
    • 0020043864 scopus 로고
    • Aspiration of gastric bacteria in antacid-treated patients: A frequent cause of postoperative colonization in the airway
    • G.C. Du Moulin, D.G. Paterson, J. Hedley-White, and A. Lisbon Aspiration of gastric bacteria in antacid-treated patients: a frequent cause of postoperative colonization in the airway Lancet 1 1982 242 245
    • (1982) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 242-245
    • Du Moulin, G.C.1    Paterson, D.G.2    Hedley-White, J.3    Lisbon, A.4
  • 40
    • 0023633735 scopus 로고
    • Risk of acute stress bleeding and nosocomial pneumonia in ventilated intensive care patients: Sucralfate versus antacids
    • M. Tryba Risk of acute stress bleeding and nosocomial pneumonia in ventilated intensive care patients: sucralfate versus antacids Am. J. Med. 83 1987 117 124
    • (1987) Am. J. Med. , vol.83 , pp. 117-124
    • Tryba, M.1
  • 41
    • 0030029997 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stress ulcer prphylaxis in critically ill patients. Resolving discordant meta-analyses
    • D.J. Cook, B. Reeve, G.H. Guyatt, D.K. Heyland, L. Griffith, and L. Buckingham Stress ulcer prphylaxis in critically ill patients. Resolving discordant meta-analyses JAMA 275 4 2003 308 314 (Ref Type: Abstract)
    • (2003) JAMA , vol.275 , Issue.4 , pp. 308-314
    • Cook, D.J.1    Reeve, B.2    Guyatt, G.H.3    Heyland, D.K.4    Griffith, L.5    Buckingham, L.6
  • 42
    • 0034605783 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bleeding and pneumonia in intensive care patients given ranitidine and sucralfate for prevention of stress ulcer: Meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
    • A. Messori, S. Tripoli, M. Vaiani, M. Gorini, and A. Corrado Bleeding and pneumonia in intensive care patients given ranitidine and sucralfate for prevention of stress ulcer: meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials BMJ 321 7269 2003 1103 1106 (Ref Type: Abstract)
    • (2003) BMJ , vol.321 , Issue.7269 , pp. 1103-1106
    • Messori, A.1    Tripoli, S.2    Vaiani, M.3    Gorini, M.4    Corrado, A.5
  • 43
    • 9344239309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ICU-acquired Pneumonia Study Group, Modification of empiric antibiotic treatment in patients with pneumonia acquired in the intensive care unit
    • F. Alvarez-Lerma ICU-acquired Pneumonia Study Group, Modification of empiric antibiotic treatment in patients with pneumonia acquired in the intensive care unit Intensive Care Med. 22 1996 387 394
    • (1996) Intensive Care Med. , vol.22 , pp. 387-394
    • Alvarez-Lerma, F.1
  • 44
    • 0030901413 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of bronchoalveolar lavage data on therapy and outcome of VAP
    • C.M. Luna, P. Vujacich, and M.S. Niederman Impact of bronchoalveolar lavage data on therapy and outcome of VAP Chest 111 1997 676 687
    • (1997) Chest , vol.111 , pp. 676-687
    • Luna, C.M.1    Vujacich, P.2    Niederman, M.S.3
  • 45
    • 0030788929 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The value of routine microbiologic investigation in the diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia
    • J. Rello, M. Gallego, D. Mariscal, R. Sonora, and J. Valles The value of routine microbiologic investigation in the diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 156 1997 196 200
    • (1997) Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. , vol.156 , pp. 196-200
    • Rello, J.1    Gallego, M.2    Mariscal, D.3    Sonora, R.4    Valles, J.5
  • 46
    • 0031936787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of mini-BAL cultures on patient outcomes: Implications for the antibiotic management of ventilator-associated pneumonia
    • M.H. Kollef, and S. Ward The influence of mini-BAL cultures on patient outcomes: implications for the antibiotic management of ventilator-associated pneumonia Chest 113 1998 412 420
    • (1998) Chest , vol.113 , pp. 412-420
    • Kollef, M.H.1    Ward, S.2
  • 47
    • 9244228530 scopus 로고
    • Hospital-acquired pneumonia in adults: Diagnosis, assessment of severity, initial antimicrobial therapy, and preventative strategies. A consensus statement
    • American Thoracic Society
    • American Thoracic Society Hospital-acquired pneumonia in adults: diagnosis, assessment of severity, initial antimicrobial therapy, and preventative strategies. A consensus statement Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 153 1995 1711 1725
    • (1995) Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. , vol.153 , pp. 1711-1725
  • 48
    • 0346121626 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hospital-acquired pneumonia: Coverage and treatment adequacy of current guidelines
    • M. Ioanas, M. Cavalcanti, and M. Ferrer Hospital-acquired pneumonia: coverage and treatment adequacy of current guidelines Eur. Respir. J. 22 2004 876 882
    • (2004) Eur. Respir. J. , vol.22 , pp. 876-882
    • Ioanas, M.1    Cavalcanti, M.2    Ferrer, M.3
  • 49
    • 0024387119 scopus 로고
    • Antibiotic therapy for Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia: Outcome correlations in a prospective study of 200 patients
    • M. Hilf, V.L. Yu, J. Sharp, J.J. Zuravleff, J.A. Korvick, and R.R. Muder Antibiotic therapy for Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia: outcome correlations in a prospective study of 200 patients Am. J. Med. 87 5 1989 540 546
    • (1989) Am. J. Med. , vol.87 , Issue.5 , pp. 540-546
    • Hilf, M.1    Yu, V.L.2    Sharp, J.3    Zuravleff, J.J.4    Korvick, J.A.5    Muder, R.R.6
  • 50
    • 0026473059 scopus 로고
    • Prospective observational study of Klebsiella bacteremia in 230 patients: Outcome for antibiotic combinations versus monotherapy
    • J.A. Korvick, C.S. Bryan, B. Farber, T.R. Beam Jr., L. Schenfeld, and R.R. Muder Prospective observational study of Klebsiella bacteremia in 230 patients: outcome for antibiotic combinations versus monotherapy Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 36 12 1992 2639 2644
    • (1992) Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. , vol.36 , Issue.12 , pp. 2639-2644
    • Korvick, J.A.1    Bryan, C.S.2    Farber, B.3    Beam Jr., T.R.4    Schenfeld, L.5    Muder, R.R.6
  • 51
    • 0345283255 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of 8 vs. 15:days of antibiotic therapy for ventilator-associated pneumonia in adults: A randomized trial
    • J. Chastre, M. Wolff, J.Y. Fagon, S. Chevret, F. Thomas, and D. Wermert Comparison of 8 vs. 15:days of antibiotic therapy for ventilator-associated pneumonia in adults: a randomized trial JAMA 290 19 2003 2588 2598
    • (2003) JAMA , vol.290 , Issue.19 , pp. 2588-2598
    • Chastre, J.1    Wolff, M.2    Fagon, J.Y.3    Chevret, S.4    Thomas, F.5    Wermert, D.6
  • 52
    • 0037348524 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resolution of ventilator-associated pneumonia: Prospective evaluation of the clinical pulmonary infection score as an early clinical predictor of outcome
    • C.M. Luna, D. Blanzaco, M.S. Niederman, W. Matarucco, N.C. Baredes, and P. Desmery Resolution of ventilator-associated pneumonia: prospective evaluation of the clinical pulmonary infection score as an early clinical predictor of outcome Crit. Care Med. 31 3 2003 676 682
    • (2003) Crit. Care Med. , vol.31 , Issue.3 , pp. 676-682
    • Luna, C.M.1    Blanzaco, D.2    Niederman, M.S.3    Matarucco, W.4    Baredes, N.C.5    Desmery, P.6
  • 55
    • 0029090012 scopus 로고
    • The diagnosis of pneumonia in the critically ill
    • C.S. Garrad, and C.D. A'Court The diagnosis of pneumonia in the critically ill Chest 108 1995 17s 25s
    • (1995) Chest , vol.108
    • Garrad, C.S.1    A'Court, C.D.2
  • 56
    • 1842738502 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Causes and predictors of non-response to treatment of the ICU-acquired pneumonia
    • M. Ioanas, M. Ferrer, and M. Cavalcanti Causes and predictors of non-response to treatment of the ICU-acquired pneumonia Crit. Care Med. 32 2004 938 945
    • (2004) Crit. Care Med. , vol.32 , pp. 938-945
    • Ioanas, M.1    Ferrer, M.2    Cavalcanti, M.3
  • 58
    • 0034016008 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of systemic cytokine levels in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome, severe pneumonia, and controls
    • T.T. Bauer, C. Monton, A. Torres, H. Cabello, X. Fillela, and A. Maldonado Comparison of systemic cytokine levels in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome, severe pneumonia, and controls Thorax 55 1 2000 46 52
    • (2000) Thorax , vol.55 , Issue.1 , pp. 46-52
    • Bauer, T.T.1    Monton, C.2    Torres, A.3    Cabello, H.4    Fillela, X.5    Maldonado, A.6
  • 59
    • 0026317030 scopus 로고
    • Incidence, etiology and outcome of nosocomial pneumonia in mechanically ventilated patients
    • J. Rello, E. Quintana, V. Ausina, J. Castella, N. Luquin, and A. Net Incidence, etiology and outcome of nosocomial pneumonia in mechanically ventilated patients Chest 100 4 1991 439 444
    • (1991) Chest , vol.100 , Issue.4 , pp. 439-444
    • Rello, J.1    Quintana, E.2    Ausina, V.3    Castella, J.4    Luquin, N.5    Net, A.6
  • 60
    • 0028360248 scopus 로고
    • Causes of fever and pulmonary densities in patients with clinical manifestations of ventilator-associated pneumonia
    • G.U. Meduri, G.L. Mauldin, R.G. Wunderink, K.V. Leeper Jr., C.B. Jones, and E. Tolley Causes of fever and pulmonary densities in patients with clinical manifestations of ventilator-associated pneumonia Chest 106 1994 221 235
    • (1994) Chest , vol.106 , pp. 221-235
    • Meduri, G.U.1    Mauldin, G.L.2    Wunderink, R.G.3    Leeper Jr., K.V.4    Jones, C.B.5    Tolley, E.6
  • 61
    • 0033018177 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized study assessing the systematic search for maxillary sinusitis in nasotracheally mechanically ventilated patients. Influence of nosocomial maxillary sinusitis on the occurrence of ventilator-associated pneumonia
    • L. Holzapfel, C. Chastang, G. Demingeon, J. Bohe, B. Piralla, and A. Coupry A randomized study assessing the systematic search for maxillary sinusitis in nasotracheally mechanically ventilated patients. Influence of nosocomial maxillary sinusitis on the occurrence of ventilator-associated pneumonia Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 159 3 1999 695 701
    • (1999) Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. , vol.159 , Issue.3 , pp. 695-701
    • Holzapfel, L.1    Chastang, C.2    Demingeon, G.3    Bohe, J.4    Piralla, B.5    Coupry, A.6
  • 63
    • 0027179181 scopus 로고
    • Pneumonia and ARDS in patients receiving mechanical ventilation: Diagnostic accuracy of chest radiography
    • H.T. Winer-Muram, S.A. Rubin, J.V. Ellis, S.G. Jennings, K.L. Arheart, and R.G. Wunderink Pneumonia and ARDS in patients receiving mechanical ventilation: diagnostic accuracy of chest radiography Radiology 188 2 1993 479 485
    • (1993) Radiology , vol.188 , Issue.2 , pp. 479-485
    • Winer-Muram, H.T.1    Rubin, S.A.2    Ellis, J.V.3    Jennings, S.G.4    Arheart, K.L.5    Wunderink, R.G.6
  • 64
    • 0027474987 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of clinical judgement in the identification and treatment of nosocomial pneumonia in ventilated patients
    • J.Y. Fagon, J. Chastre, and A.J. Hance Evaluation of clinical judgement in the identification and treatment of nosocomial pneumonia in ventilated patients Chest 103 1993 547 553
    • (1993) Chest , vol.103 , pp. 547-553
    • Fagon, J.Y.1    Chastre, J.2    Hance, A.J.3
  • 65
    • 0033023730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nosocomial infections in medical intensive care units in the United States. National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System
    • M.J. Richards, J.R. Edwards, D.H. Culver, and R.P. Gaynes Nosocomial infections in medical intensive care units in the United States. National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System Crit. Care Med. 27 5 1999 887 892
    • (1999) Crit. Care Med. , vol.27 , Issue.5 , pp. 887-892
    • Richards, M.J.1    Edwards, J.R.2    Culver, D.H.3    Gaynes, R.P.4
  • 66
    • 0031861166 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence and risk factors for nosocomial lower respiratory tract infections in German hospitals
    • G. Kampf, N. Wischnewski, G. Schulgen, M. Schumacher, and F.D. Daschner Prevalence and risk factors for nosocomial lower respiratory tract infections in German hospitals J. Clin. Epidemiol. 51 6 1999 495 502
    • (1999) J. Clin. Epidemiol. , vol.51 , Issue.6 , pp. 495-502
    • Kampf, G.1    Wischnewski, N.2    Schulgen, G.3    Schumacher, M.4    Daschner, F.D.5
  • 67
    • 18744399001 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nosocomial tracheobronchitis in mechanically ventilated patients: Incidence, aetiology and outcome
    • S. Nseir, C. Di Pompeo, P. Pronnier, S. Beague, T. Onimus, and F. Saulnier Nosocomial tracheobronchitis in mechanically ventilated patients: incidence, aetiology and outcome Eur. Respir. J. 20 6 2002 1483 1489
    • (2002) Eur. Respir. J. , vol.20 , Issue.6 , pp. 1483-1489
    • Nseir, S.1    Di Pompeo, C.2    Pronnier, P.3    Beague, S.4    Onimus, T.5    Saulnier, F.6
  • 68
    • 0027398958 scopus 로고
    • Clinical significance of borderline quantitative protected specimen brush specimen culture results
    • D. Dreyfuss, L. Mier, K. Le Bourdelles, K. Djedaini, P. Brun, and Y. Boussougant Clinical significance of borderline quantitative protected specimen brush specimen culture results Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 147 4 1993 946 951
    • (1993) Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. , vol.147 , Issue.4 , pp. 946-951
    • Dreyfuss, D.1    Mier, L.2    Le Bourdelles, K.3    Djedaini, K.4    Brun, P.5    Boussougant, Y.6
  • 69
    • 0027466159 scopus 로고
    • Nosocomial pneumonia in ventilated patients: A cohort study evaluating attributable mortality and hospital stay
    • J.Y. Fagon, J. Chastre, A.J. Hance, P. Montravers, A. Novara, and C. Gibert Nosocomial pneumonia in ventilated patients: a cohort study evaluating attributable mortality and hospital stay Am. J. Med. 94 1993 281 288
    • (1993) Am. J. Med. , vol.94 , pp. 281-288
    • Fagon, J.Y.1    Chastre, J.2    Hance, A.J.3    Montravers, P.4    Novara, A.5    Gibert, C.6
  • 70
    • 0036036453 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative culture of endotracheal aspirates in the diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia in patients with treatment failure
    • C.L. Wu, D.I. Yang, N.Y. Wang, H.T. Kuo, and P.Z. Chen Quantitative culture of endotracheal aspirates in the diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia in patients with treatment failure Chest 122 2 2002 662 668
    • (2002) Chest , vol.122 , Issue.2 , pp. 662-668
    • Wu, C.L.1    Yang, D.I.2    Wang, N.Y.3    Kuo, H.T.4    Chen, P.Z.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.