Role of different routes of tracheal colonization in the development of pneumonia in patients receiving mechanical ventilation

Chest

Volumn 116, Issue 2, 1999, Pages 462-470

  Cardeñosa Cendrero, José Antonio ^a   Solé Violán, Jorge ^a   Bordes Benítez, Ana ^a   Noguera Catalán, Javier ^a   Arroyo Fernández, Javier ^a   Saavedra Santana, Pedro ^a   Rodríguez de Castro, Felipe ^a  

^a Hospital Nuestra Senora del Pino   (Spain)

Author keywords

BAL; Oropharyngeal colonization; Protected specimen brush; Stomach colonization; Tracheal colonization; Ventilator associated pneumonia

Indexed keywords

ACINETOBACTER BAUMANNII; ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; ARTIFICIAL VENTILATION; BACTERIAL COLONIZATION; BACTERIAL PNEUMONIA; BRONCHOSCOPY; CONTROLLED STUDY; CULTURE MEDIUM; FEMALE; HEAD INJURY; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; PHARYNX EXAMINATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA; STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS; TRACHEA MUCUS; TRACHEOBRONCHIAL TREE;

EID: 0032791970     PISSN: 00123692     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1378/chest.116.2.462     Document Type: Article

References (37)

1. George DL. Epidemiology of nosocomial ventilator-associated pneumonia. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1993; 14:163-169
2. Chevret S, Hemmer M, Carlet J, et al. Incidence and risk factors of pneumonia in intensive care units: results from a multicenter prospective study on 996 patients. Intensive Care Med 1993; 19:256-264
3. Papazian L, Bregeon F, Thirion X, et al. Effect of ventilator-associated pneumonia on mortality and morbidity. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1996; 154:91-97
4. Kollef MH. Ventilator-associated pneumonia: a multivariate analysis. JAMA 1993; 270:1965-1970
5. Fagon JY, Chastre J, Vuagat A, et al. Nosocomial pneumonia and mortality among patients in intensive care units. JAMA 1996; 275:866-869
6. Timsit JF, Chevret S, Valcke J, et al. Mortality of nosocomial pneumonia in ventilated patients: influence of diagnostic tools. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1996; 154:116-123
7. Kollef MH, Silver P, Murphy DM, et al. The effect of late-onset ventilator-associated pneumonia in determining patient mortality. Chest 1995; 108:1655-1662
8. du Moulin GC, Paterson DG, Hedley-Whyte J, et al. Aspiration of gastric bacteria in antacid-treated patients: a frequent cause of postoperative colonisation of the airway. Lancet 1982; 1:242-245
9. Garvey BM, McCambley JA, Tuxen DV. Effects of gastric alkalization on bacterial colonization in critically-ill patients. Crit Care Med 1989; 17:211-216
10. Torres A, El Ebiari M, González J, et al. Gastric and pharyngeal flora in nosocomial pneumonia acquired during mechanical ventilation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1993; 148:352-357
11. Daschner F, Reuschenbach K, Pfisterer J, et al. The effect of stress ulcer prevention on the incidence of pneumonia in artificial respiration. Anaesthesist 1987; 36:9-18
12. Inglis TJ, Sheratt MJ, Sproat LJ, et al. Gastroduodenal dysfunction and bacterial colonization of the ventilated lung. Lancet 1993; 341:911-913
13. Reusser P, Zimmerly W, Scheidegger D, et al. Role of gastric colonization in nosocomial infections and endotoxemia: a prospective study in neurosurgical patients on mechanical ventilation. J Infect Dis 1989; 160:414-421
14. Cade JF, McOwat E, Siganporia R, et al. Uncertain relevance of gastric colonization in the seriously ill. Intensive Care Med 1992; 18:210-217
15. Bonten MJ, Gaillard CA, Van Tiel FH, et al. The stomach is not a source for colonization of upper respiratory tract and pneumonia in ICU patients. Chest 1994; 105:878-884
16. De La Torre F, Pont T, Ferrer A, et al. Pattern of tracheal colonization during mechanical ventilation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995; 152:1028-1033
17. Donaldson SG, Azizi SQ, Dal Nogare AR. Characteristics of aerobic Gram-negative bacteria colonizing critically ill patients. Am Rev Respir Dis 1991; 144:202-207
18. Pingleton SK, Hinthorn DR, Liu C. Enteral nutrition in patients receiving mechanical ventilation: multiple sources of tracheal colonization include the stomach. Am J Med 1986; 80:827-832
19. Rubenstein JS, Kabat K, Shultman ST, et al. Bacterial and fungal colonization of endotracheal tubes in children: a prospective study. Crit Care Med 1992; 20:1544-1549
20. Bonten MJ, Gaillard CA, van der Geest S, et al. The role of intragastric acidity and stress ulcer prophylaxis on colonization and infection in mechanically ventilated patients: a stratified, randomized, double blind study of sucralfate versus antacids. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995; 152:1825-1834
21. Bonten MJ, Bergmans DC, Ambergen AW, et al. Risk factors for pneumonia, and colonization of respiratory tract and stomach in mechanically ventilated ICU patients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1996; 154:1339-1346
22. Knaus WA, Draper EA, Wagner DP, et al. APACHE II: a severity of disease classification system. Crit Care Med 1985; 3:818-829
23. Solé J, Rodríguez de Castro F, Caminero J, et al. Comparative efficacy of bronchoalveolar lavage and telescoping plugged catheter in the diagnosis of pneumonia in mechanically ventilated patients. Chest 1993; 103:386-390
24. Estes RJ, Meduri GU. The pathogenesis of ventilator-associated pneumonia: I. Mechanisms of bacterial transcolonization and airway inoculation. Intensive Care Med 1995; 21:365-383
25. Vallés J, Artigas A, Rello J, et al. Continuous aspiration of subglottic secretions in preventing ventilator-assisted pneumonia. Ann Intern Med 1995; 122:179-186
26. Johanson WG Jr, Pierce AK, Sanford JP, et al. Nosocomial respiratory infections with Gram-negative bacilli: the significance of colonization of the respiratory tract. Ann Intern Med 1972; 77:701-706
27. Niederman M. Gram-negative colonization of the respiratory tract: pathogenesis and clinical consequences. Semin Respir Infect 1990; 5:173-184
28. Daschner F, Kappstein I, Reuschenbach K, et al. Stress ulcer prophylaxis and ventilation pneumonia: prevention by antibacterial cytoprotective agents? Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1988; 9:59-65
29. Schwartz SN, Dowling JN, Benkocvic C, et al. Sources of Gram-negative bacilli colonizing the trachea of intubated patients. J Infect Dis 1978; 138:227-231
30. Bello J, Torres A. Microbial causes of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Semin Respir Infect 1996; 11:24-31
31. Valenti WM, Trudell RG, Bentley DW. Factors predisposing to oropharyngeal colonization with Gram-negative bacilli in the aged. N Engl J Med 1978; 298:1108-1111
32. Atherton ST, White DJ. Stomach as a source of bacteria colonizing respiratory tract during artificial ventilation. Lancet 1978; 2:968-969
33. Baraibar J, Correa H, Mariscal D, et al. Risk factors for infection by Acinetobacter baumannii in intubated patients with nosocomial pneumonia. Chest 1997; 112:1050-1054
34. Espersen F, Gabrielsen J. Pneumonia due to Staphylococcus aureus during mechanical ventilation. J Infect Dis 1981; 44:19-23
35. Niederman MS, Mantovani R, Schoch P, et al. Pattern and routes of tracheobronchial colonization in mechanically ventilated patients: the role of nutritional status in colonization of the lower airway by Pseudomonas species. Chest 1989; 95:155-161
36. Fagon JY, Chastre J, Domart Y, et al. Nosocomial pneumonia in patients receiving continuous mechanical ventilation: prospective analysis of 52 episodes with use of a protected specimen brush and quantitative culture techniques. Am Rev Respir Dis 1989; 139:877-884
37. Wunderink R, Mayhall G, Gibert C. Methodology for clinical investigation of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Chest 1992; 102(suppl):5805-5885