Quadrupole ion trap studies of fundamental organic reactions

Mass Spectrometry Reviews

Volumn 24, Issue 1, 2005, Pages 100-120

  Gronert, Scott ^a  

^a SAN FRANCISCO STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Ion molecule reactions; Quadrupole ion traps; Reaction mechanisms

Indexed keywords

ION REACTIONS; MOLECULE REACTIONS; QUADRUPOLE ION TRAPS; REACTION MECHANISM;

ACYLATION; CATALYSIS; IONIZATION; MASS SPECTROMETRY; POSITIVE IONS; REACTION KINETICS; TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION; THERMAL EFFECTS;

IONS;

EID: 12444298996     PISSN: 02777037     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/mas.20008     Document Type: Review

References (134)

1. Antoniotti P, Canepa C, Operti L, Rabezzana R, Tonachini G, Vaglio GA. 1999a. Experimental and theoretical study of the formation of silicon-carbon ion species in gaseous silane/ethene mixtures. J Phys Chem A 103:10945-10954.
2. Antoniotti P, Canepa C, Operti L, Rabezzana R, Tonachini G, Vaglio GA. 1999b. Gas-phase ion chemistry of silane with ethane and ethyne. J Organomet Chem 589:150-156.
3. Antoniotti P, Operti L, Rabezzana R, Vaglio GA. 1999c. Gas phase ion chemistry in germane/ammonia, methylgermane/ammonia, and methylgermane/phosphine. Int J Mass Spectrom 182:63-71.
4. Antoniotti P, Operti L, Rabezzana R, Vaglio GA, Volpe P. 1999d. Gas phase ion chemistry in silane/propane and silane/propene mixtures. Int J Mass Spectrom 190:243-251.
5. Antoniotti P, Canepa C, Maranzana A, Operti L, Rabezzana R, Tonachini G, Vaglio GA. 2001. Experimental and theoretical study of the formation of germanium-carbon ion species in gaseous germane/ethene mixtures. Organometallics 20:382-391.
6. Asano KG, Butcher DJ, Goeringer DE, McLuckey SA. 1999. Effective ion internal temperatures achieved via boundary activation in the quadrupole ion trap: Protonated leucine enkephalin. J Mass Spectrom 34:691-698.
7. Badman ER, Chrisman PA, McLuckey SA. 2002. A quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer with three independent ion sources for the study of gas-phase ion/ion reactions. Anal Chem 74:6237-6243.
8. Bartmess JE. 2003. Negative ion energetics data. Gaithersburg MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology. URL: http://webbook.nist.gov
9. Basic C, Eyler JR, Yost RA. 1992. Probing trapped ion energies via ion-molecule reaction kinetics: Quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometry. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 3:716-726.
10. Bauerle GF, Brodbelt JS. 1995. Evaluation of steric and substituent effects in phenols by competitive reactions of dimethyl ether ions in a quadrupole ion-trap. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 6:627-633.
11. Bauerle GF, Hall BJ, Tran NV, Brodbelt JS. 1996. Ion-molecule reactions of oxygenated chemical ionization reagents with vincamine. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 7:250-260.
12. Benzi P, Operti L, Rabezzana R. 2000. Ion chemistry in XH4/allene (X = Ge, Si) gaseous mixtures - Formation of X-C bonds. Eur J Inorg Chem 505-512.
13. Benzi P, Bottizzo E, Operti L, Rabezzana R, Vaglio GA, Volpe P. 2002a. Amorphous germanium carbides by radiolysis-CVD of germane/ethyne systems: Preparation and reaction mechanisms. Chem Mat 14:2506-2513.
14. Benzi P, Operti L, Rabezzana R, Vaglio GA. 2002b. Gas-phase ion chemistry in germane-propane and germane-propene mixtures. J Mass Spectrom 37:603-608.
15. Bortolini O, Traldi P. 1994. Structure-dependent mass displacements in ion-trap experiments. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 8:666-669.
16. + ions from acetonitrile with neutral carbon suboxide. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 12:1425-1428.
17. Bortolini O, Pandolfo L, Tomaselli C, Traldi P. 1999. Ion-molecule chemistry of carbon suboxide in an ion-trap mass spectrometer. Int J Mass Spectrom 190:171-179.
18. Brodbelt JS. 1997. Analytical applications of ion-molecule reactions. Mass Spectrom Rev 16:91-110.
19. Brodbelt JS, Liou CC, Maleknia S, Lin TY, Lagow RJ. 1993. Reactions of perfluorinated compounds with ethers - Evidence for gas-phase cationic polymerization. J Am Chem Soc 115:11069-11073.
20. 3 system. J Mass Spectrom 37:1205-1212.
21. 3 system. J Mass Spectrom 37:155-161.
22. Canepa C, Maranzana A, Operti L, Rabezzana R, Vaglio GA. 2001. Selectivity in gas-phase ion chemistry. Competitive fast reactions in a silane/propene system. Organometallics 20:4593-4599.
23. Castiglioni M, Operti L, Rabezzana R, Vaglio GA, Volpe P. 1998. Gas phase ion chemistry in methylgermane and methylgermane/silane. Int J Mass Spectrom 179:277-283.
24. Cetini G, Operti L, Rabezzana R, Vaglio GA, Volpe P. 1996. Gas phase ion/molecule reactions in phosphine/methylsilane mixtures. J Organomet Chem 519:169-175.
25. Cleven CD, Cox KA, Cooks RG, Bier ME. 1994. Mass shifts due to ion-ion interactions in a quadrupole ion-trap mass-spectrometer. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 8:451-454.
26. Cleven CD, Cooks RG, Garrett AW, Nogar NS, Hemberger PH. 1996. Radial distributions and ejection times of molecular ions in an ion trap mass spectrometer: A laser tomography study of effects of ion density and molecular type. J Phys Chem 100:40-46.
27. Colorado A, Brodbelt J. 1996. Borinium adduct ion formation with barbiturates in a quadrupole ion-trap mass spectrometer. J Mass Spectrom 31:403-410.
28. Combariza MY, Vachet RW. 2002. Gas-phase ion-molecule reactions of transition metal complexes: The effect of different coordination spheres on complex reactivity. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 13:813-825.
29. Cox KA, Cleven CD, Cooks RG. 1995. Mass shifts and local space-charge effects observed in the quadrupole ion-trap at higher resolution. Int J Mass Spectom Ion Prcs 144:47-65.
30. Diversi P, Ingrosso G, Innorta G, Lorenzi R, Lucherini A, Torroni S. 1996. Gas-phase reactions of cobalt(III) beta-ketoenolates with broensted acid reagents. J Chem Soc Dalton Trans 2727-2734.
31. Eberlin MN, Cooks RG. 1993. Polar [4+2(+)] Diels-Alder cycloadditions of acylium ions in the gas-phase. J Am Chem Soc 115:9226-9233.
32. Eberlin MN, Morgon NH, Yang SS, Shay BJ, Cooks RG. 1995. Polar [4+2(+)] Diels-Alder cycloaddition to nitrilium and immonium ions in the gas-phase - Applications of multiple stage mass-spectrometry in a pentaquadrupole instrument. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 6:1-10.
33. 23 linear alkenes from carbon addition-reactions in a quadrupole ion trap equipped with a pulsed sample-inlet system. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2:305-313.
34. Felix T, Reyzer M, Brodbelt J. 1999. Hydrogen/deuterium exchange of nucleoside analogs in a quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer. Int J Mass Spectrom 191:161-170.
35. Flores AE, Gronert S. 1999. The gas-phase reactions of dianions with alkyl bromides: Direct identification of S(N)2 and E2 products. J Am Chem Soc 121:2627-2628.
36. Freitas MA, O'Hair RAJ. 1998. Characterization of an ambident electrophile: The gas phase reactivity of the methoxymethyl cation. Int J Mass Spectrom 175:107-122.
37. Gal J-F, Herreros M, Maria PC, Operti L, Pettigiani C, Rabezzana R, Vaglio GA. 1999. Gas-phase ion-molecule reactions in organophosphorus esters. J Mass Spectrom 34:1296-1302.
38. 2P+ phosphenium ion towards 2,3-dimethylbuta-1,3-diene in a quadrupole ion trap. J Mass Spectrom 33:399-402.
39. 2P:O+ phosphonium ions towards methanol. Int J Mass Spectrom 195:545-563.
40. Gill LA, Wells JM, Patterson GE, Amy JW, Cooks RG. 1998. Resolution of isobaric and isomeric ions using chemical shifts in an ion trap mass spectrometer. Anal Chem 70:4448-4452.
41. Glish GL, Vachet RW. 2003. The basics of mass spectrometry in the twenty-first century. Nature Rev Drug Discovery 2:140-150.
42. Goeringer DE, Asano KG, McLuckey SA. 1999. Ion internal temperature and ion trap collisional activation: Protonated leucine enkephalin. Int J Mass Spectrom 183:275-288.
43. Goeringer DE, McLuckey SA. 1996. Evolution of ion internal energy during collisional excitation in the Paul ion trap: A stochastic approach. J Chem Phys 104:2214-2221.
44. Goeringer DE, McLuckey SA. 1998. Relaxation of internally excited high-mass ions simulated under typical quadrupole ion trap storage conditions. Int J Mass Spectrom 177:163-174.
45. Gronert S. 1998. Estimation of effective ion temperatures in a quadrupole ion trap. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 9:845-848.
46. Gronert S. 1999a. Coulomb repulsion in multiply charged ions: A computational study of the effective dielectric constants of organic spacer groups. Int J Mass Spectrom 187:351-357.
47. Gronert S. 1999b. Determining the gas-phase properties and reactivities of multiply charged ions. J Mass Spectrom 34:787-796.
48. Gronert S. 2001. Mass spectrometric studies of organic ion/molecule reactions. Chem Rev 101:329-360.
49. Gronert S. 2003. Gas phase studies of the competition between substitution and elimination reactions. Acc Chem Res 36:848-857.
50. Gronert S, Huang R, Li KH. 2004. Gas phase derivatization in peptide analysis 1: The utility of trimethyl borate in identifying phosphorylation sites. Int J Mass Spectrom 231:179-187.
51. Gronert S, Pratt LM, Mogali S. 2001. Substituent effects in gas-phase substitutions and eliminations: Beta-halo substituents. Solvation reverses S(N) 2 substituent effects. J Am Chem Soc 123:3081-3091.
52. Gronert S, Fong LM. 1999. Gas phase reactions of dianions. 2. The effect of a second charge on S(N)2 potential energy surfaces: An ab initio study. Int J Mass Spectrom 192:185-190.
53. Gronert S, Huang R. 2001. A strong preference for a salt-bridge structure in the gas phase: Reactions of deprotonated amino acids with borane. J Am Chem Soc 123:8606-8607.
54. Gronert S, O'Hair RAJ. 2002. Gas phase reactions of trimethyl borate with phosphates and their non-covalent complexes. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 13:1088-1098.
55. Hall BJ, Brodbelt JS. 1996. Comparison of cation binding affinities of quinones. Int J Mass Spectrom Ion Process 155:123-131.
56. N2 reactivity of ethylenehalides. J Am Chem Soc 75:3964.
57. +: A kinetic study. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 9:314-319.
58. Innorta G, Torroni S, Maranzana A, Tonachini G. 2001. Entropy effects in gas phase ion-molecule association reactions. J Organomet Chem 626:24-31.
59. + with substituted pyridines. J Organomet Chem 650:69-74.
60. Isbell JJ, Brodbelt JS. 1996. Use of borinium ions as probes of steric effects in gas-phase ion-molecule complexes. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 10:1418-1420.
61. Jones ME, Ellison GB. 1989. A gas-phase E2 reaction: Methoxide ion and bromopropane. J Am Chem Soc 111:1645-1654.
62. Jones ME, Kass SR, Filley J, Barkley RM, Ellison GB. 1985. Alkylation of enolate ions. J Am Chem Soc 107:109-115.
63. Kempen EC, Brodbelt J. 1997. Use of trimethyl borate as a chemical ionization reagent for the analysis of biologically active molecules. J Mass Spectrom 32:846-854.
64. 2+ phosphonium ion with aliphatic esters in a quadrupole ion trap. Spontaneous elimination of ketenes. J Mass Spectrom 37:903-909.
65. Leclerc E, Buchmann W, Taphanel M-H, Morizur J-P. 2002a. Gas-phase ion/molecule reactions between dimethoxyphosphonium ions and aromatic hydrocarbons. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 16:686-695.
66. Lemr K, Holcapek M, Jandera P. 2000. Oxygen attachment to metal complex ions during their collision induced dissociation in ion trap. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 14:1878-1879.
67. Li HY, Peng YN, Plass WR, Cooks RG. 2003. Chemical mass shifts in quadrupole ion traps as analytical characteristics of nitro-aromatic compounds. Int J Mass Spectrom 222:481-491.
68. Lieder CA, Brauman JI. 1975. Techniques for detection of neutral products in gas-phase ion-molecule reactions. Int J Mass Spectrom Ion Phys 16:307.
69. n reactions with water, ammonia, and a variety of organic compounds. Int J Mass Spectrom 190:231-241.
70. Lovejoy ER, Wilson RR. 1998. Kinetic studies of negative ion reactions in a quadrupole ion trap: Absolute rate coefficients and ion energies. J Phys Chem A 102:2309-2315.
71. March RE. 1995. Practical aspects of ion trap mass spectrometry. Boca Raton, FL: CRC.
72. March RE. 1997. An introduction to quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometry. J Mass Spectrom 32:351-369.
73. March RE. 2000. Quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometry: A view at the turn of the century. Int J Mass Spectrom 200:285-312.
74. March RE, Hughes RJ. 1989. Quadrupole storage mass spectrometry. New York: Wiley.
75. 2+, CX+ (X = F and/or Cl) and Cl+ with 1,1,1- and 1,1,2-trichlorotrifluoroethane. J Mass Spectrom 36:1195-1202.
76. McCormack JAD, Mayer PM. 2001a. Energetics of the dehydration of nitrile-alcohol proton-bound dimers from ion/molecule reaction kinetics. Int J Mass Spectrom 207:195-203.
77. McCormack JAD, Mayer PM. 2001b. Ion/molecule reaction kinetics using a modified Finnigan GCQ ion trap mass spectrometer: The energetics of the dehydration of proton-bound alcohol dimers. Int J Mass Spectrom 207:183-193.
78. McLuckey SA, Stephenson JL. 1998. Ion ion chemistry of high-mass multiply charged ions. Mass Spectrom Rev 17:369-407.
79. McLuckey SA, Wells JM. 2001. Mass analysis at the advent of the 21st century. Chem Rev 101:571-606.
80. Moneti G, Pieraccini G, Dani FR, Catinella S, Traldi P. 1996. Acetonitrile as an effective reactant species for positive-ion chemical ionization of hydrocarbons by ion-trap mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 10:167-170.
81. Moneti G, Pieraccini G, Favretto D, Traldi P. 1999. Reactions of ionic species from acetonitrile with long-chain saturated and unsaturated alcohols. J Mass Spectrom 34:1354-1360.
82. 2+ in a quadrupole ion trap. J Mass Spectrom 32:550-555.
83. Mosi AA, Cullen WR, Eigendorf GK. 1997. Ion-molecule reactions of halocarbon cations with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in a quadrupole ion trap part I - Differentiation of structural isomers. J Mass Spectrom 32:864-874.
84. Mosi AA, Cullen WR, Eigendorf GK. 1998. Ion-molecule reactions of halocarbon cations with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in a quadrupole ion trap. Part II. Applications to environmental analysis. J Mass Spectrom 33:250-263.
85. Mosi AA, Cullen WR, Eigendorf GK. 1999a. Ion/molecule reactions of perfluorotributylamine (FC43) cations with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in a quadrupole ion trap. Int J Mass Spectrom 190:195-207.
86. Mosi AA, Skelton RH, Eigendorf GK. 1999b. Ion-molecule reactions of dimethyl ether cations with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in a quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer. J Mass Spectrom 34:1274-1278.
87. Nourse BD, Cox KA, Cooks RG. 1992. Ion-molecule chemistry of pyrene in an ion-trap mass-spectrometer. Org Mass Spectrom 27:453-462.
88. Nourse BD, Kenttamaa HI. 1990. Effective ion temperatures in a quadrupole ion trap. J Phys Chem 94:5809-5812.
89. O'Hair RAJ, Androutsopoulos NK, Reid GE. 2000. Do amines react with protonated peptides in the gas phase via transacylation reactions to induce peptide bond cleavage? Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 14:1707-1716.
90. 2 pathways in the gas phase? Insights via ion-molecule reactions of N-acylpyridinium ions and ab initio calculations. Org Lett 2:2567-2570.
91. O'Hair RAJ, McLuckey SA. 1997. Trimethylsilyl derivatization of nucleic acid anions in the gas phase. Int J Mass Spectrom Ion Process 162:183-202.
92. O'Hair RAJ, Reid GE. 2000. Derivatization of protonated peptides via gas phase ion-molecule reactions with acetone. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 11:244-256.
93. Operti L, Splendore M, Vaglio G A, Volpe P. 1993. Gas phase ion-molecule reactions of methylsilane and methylgermane by ion trap mass spectrometry. Organometallics 12:4509-4515.
94. Operti L, Rabezzana R, Vaglio GA, Volpe P. 1996. Gas-phase ion-molecule reactions in ammonia-methylsilane mixtures studied by ion trapping. J Organomet Chem 509:151-161.
95. 2. Org Mass Spectrom 29:540-546.
96. +. J Mass Spectrom 30:1049-1050.
97. Paul W, Steinwedel H. 1953. A new mass spectrometer without a magnetic field. Z Naturforsch 8:448-450.
98. Payne AH, Glish GL. 2001. Gas-phase ion/ion interactions between peptides or proteins and iron ions in a quadrupole ion trap. Int J Mass Spectrom 204:47-54.
99. Peng YN, Plass WR, Cooks RG. 2002. Correlations of chemical mass shifts of para-substituted acetophenones and benzophenones with Brown's sigma(+) constants. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 13:623-629.
100. Ranasinghe YA, Glish GL. 1996. Reactions of the phenylium cation with small oxygen- and nitrogen-containing molecules. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 7:473-481.
101. Reed DR, Hare M, Kass SR. 2000. Formation of gas-phase dianions and distonic ions as a general method for the synthesis of protected reactive intermediates. Energetics of 2,3-and 2,6-dehydronaphthalene. J Am Chem Soc 122:10689-10696.
102. Reid GE, Simpson RJ, O'Hair RAJ. 1999. Probing the fragmentation reactions of protonated glycine oligomers via multistage mass spectrometry and gas phase ion molecule hydrogen/deuterium exchange. Int J Mass Spectrom 191:209-230.
103. Reid GE, O'Hair RAJ, Styles ML, McFadyen WD, Simpson RJ. 1998. Gas phase ion-molecule reactions in a modified ion trap: H/D exchange of non-covalent complexes and coordinatively unsaturated platinum complexes. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 12:1701-1708.
104. Reid GE, Wells JM, Badman ER, McLuckey SA. 2003. Performance of a quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer adapted for ion/ion reaction studies. Int J Mass Spectrom 222:243-258.
105. Riter LS, Fraley DF, Cooks RG. 2000. Denitration of nitroaromatic compounds by arylnitrile radical cations. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 11:33-39.
106. Saunders WH, Jr., Cockerill AF. 1973. Mechanisms of elimination reactions. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
107. Sharifi M, Einhorn J. 1997a. Combined ion/molecule reactions and multi-stage tandem mass spectrometric techniques in an ion trap mass spectrometer for the characterization of conjugated ethylenic epoxides. 1 Protonating agents. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 11:727-734.
108. Sharifi M, Einhorn J. 1997b. Mass-selected reagent ion chemical ionization and multiple tandem mass spectrometry techniques in an ion trap mass spectrometer for structural analysis. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 11:1185-1193.
109. Sharifi M, Einhorn J. 1999. Isomeric differentiation of conjugated diene epoxides by polar [4+2(+)] Diels-Alder cycloaddition of acylium ions in an ion trap mass spectrometer. Int J Mass Spectrom 190:253-264.
110. Sieck LW, Meot-Ner M. 1989. Ionic hydrogen bond and ion solvation. 8. RS-HOR bond strengths: Correlation with acidities. J Phys Chem 93:1586-1588.
111. Soni MH, Wong PSH, Cooks RG. 1995b. Notched broad-band excitation of ions in a bench-top ion-trap mass-spectrometer. Anal Chim Acta 303:149-162.
112. Soni M, Amy J, Frankevich V, Cooks RG, Taylor D, McKewan A, Schwartz JC. 1995a. Diels-Alder reactions of mass-selected ions in an ion trap mass spectrometer. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 9:911-915.
113. Steiner V, Daoust-Maleval I, Tabet JC. 2000. Study of gas-phase reactivity of positive and negative even-electron ions prepared from diethylmethyl phosphonate ester in an external chemical ionization source of orthogonal tandem quadrupole/ion trap instrument. Int J Mass Spectrom 195:121-138.
114. Streitwieser A, Jr. 1962. Solvolytic displacement reactions. New York: MacGraw-Hill.
115. Su T, Bowers MT. 1979. Classical ion-molecule collision theory. In: Bowers MT, editor. Gas phase ion chemistry, New York: Academic Press, pp 83-118.
116. Thoen KK, Smith RL, Nousiainen JJ, Nelson ED, Kenttamaa HI. 1996. Charged phenyl radicals. J Am Chem Soc 118:8669-8676.
117. Todd JFJ, March RE. 1999. A retrospective review of the development and application of the quadrupole ion trap prior to the appearance of commercial instruments. Int J Mass Spectrom 191:9-35.
118. Todd JFJ, Penman AD. 1991. The recent evolution of the quadrupole ion trap mass-spectrometer - An overview. Int J Mass Spectrom Ion Prcs 106:1-20.
119. Traldi P, Favretto D, Catinella S, Bortolini O. 1993. Mass displacements in quadrupolar field analyzers. Org Mass Spectrom 28:745-751.
120. Vachet RW, Hartman JAR, Callahan JH. 1998. Ion-molecule reactions in a quadrupole ion trap as a probe of the gas-phase structure of metal complexes. J Mass Spectrom 33:1209-1225.
121. Vachet RW, Callahan JH. 2000. Quadrupole ion trap studies of the structure and reactivity of transition metal ion pair complexes. J Mass Spectrom 35:311-320.
122. Vachet RW, Hartman JR, Gertner JW, Callahan JH. 2001. Investigation of metal complex coordination structure using collision-induced dissociation and ion-molecule reactions in a quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer. Int J Mass Spectrom 204:101-112.
123. Vrkic AK, O'Hair RAJ. 2002. Gas phase ion chemistry of para substituted benzene diazonium ions, their salt clusters, and their related phenyl cations. Int J Mass Spectrom 218:131-160.
124. (-) ions of nucleotides and their non-covalent homo- and hetero-dimer complexes. Aust J Chem 56:389-399.
125. Waters T, O'Hair RAJ, Wedd AG. 2000. Probing the catalytic oxidation of alcohols via an anionic dimolybdate centre using multistage mass spectrometry. Chem Commun 225-226.
126. Waters T, O'Hair RAJ, Wedd AG. 2003a. Catalytic gas phase dehydration of acetic acid to ketene. Int J Mass Spectrom 228:599-611.
127. Waters T, O'Hair RAJ, Wedd AG. 2003b. Catalytic gas phase oxidation of methanol to formaldehyde. J Am Chem Soc 125:3384-3396.
128. Wells JM, Plass WA, Cooks RG. 2000. Control of chemical mass shifts in the quadrupole ion trap through selection of resonance ejection working point and rf scan direction. Anal Chem 72:2677-2683.
129. Wells JM, Plass WR, Patterson GE, Zheng OY, Badman ER, Cooks RG. 1999. Chemical mass shifts in ion trap mass spectrometry: Experiments and simulations. Anal Chem 71:3405-3415.
130. Wu H-F, Chen L-W, Chen C-H. 2001b. Probing reactive sites for ion-molecule reactions of anthraquinones with dimethyl ether using an external source ion trap tandem massfspectrometer and computational chemistry. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 15:1977-1987.
131. Wu H-F, Chen C-H, Ho M-Y. 2001a. Examination of the best pressure range for ion/molecule reactions of anthraquinones in an external source ion trap mass spectrometer. Anal Sci 17:515-518.
132. Wu H-F, Ho M-Y. 2001. Selective self-ion/molecule reactions in both external and internal source ion trap mass spectrometers. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 15:1309-1316.
133. Wu H-F, Lin Y-P. 2000. Study of ion-molecule reactions and collisionally activated dissociation of dopamine and adrenaline by an ion trap mass spectrometer with an external ionization source. Eur J Mass Spectrom 6:65-77.
134. Zhang DX, Gill LA, Cooks RG. 1998. Deamination of protonated amines to yield protonated imines. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 9:1146-1157.