Differential regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses in viral encephalitis

Virology

Volumn 318, Issue 1, 2004, Pages 381-392

  Rempel, Julia D ^a,b   Murray, Shannon J ^a   Meisner, Jeffrey ^a   Buchmeier, Michael J ^a  

^a SCRIPPS RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MANITOBA   (Canada)

Author keywords

Chemokines; Cytokines; Neuroimmunology; T Lymphocytes; Viral

Indexed keywords

BETA INTERFERON; CHEMOKINE; CYTOKINE; GAMMA INTERFERON; MACROPHAGE INFLAMMATORY PROTEIN 1ALPHA; MACROPHAGE INFLAMMATORY PROTEIN 1BETA; MACROPHAGE INFLAMMATORY PROTEIN 2; MESSENGER RNA;

ANIMAL CELL; ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL MODEL; ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY; APOPTOSIS; ARTICLE; CELLULAR IMMUNITY; CONTROLLED STUDY; CORONAVIRUS; CYTOKINE PRODUCTION; DISEASE COURSE; GENE EXPRESSION; GLIA CELL; HEPATITIS VIRUS; IMMUNOREGULATION; LYMPHOCYTIC INFILTRATION; MALE; MOUSE; NEUTROPHIL CHEMOTAXIS; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; T LYMPHOCYTE; VIRUS ATTENUATION; VIRUS ENCEPHALITIS; VIRUS PATHOGENESIS; VIRUS STRAIN;

CORONAVIRUS; MURINAE; MURINE HEPATITIS VIRUS;

EID: 1242319450     PISSN: 00426822     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2003.09.023     Document Type: Article

References (61)

1. Asensio V.C., Kincaid C., Campbell I.L. Chemokines and the inflammatory response to viral infection in the central nervous system with a focus on lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. J. NeuroVirol. 5:1999;65-75.
2. Baggiolini M., Dewald B., Moser B. Interleukin-8 and related chemotactic cytokines - CXC and CC chemokines. Adv. Immunol. 55:1994;97-179.
3. Basler C.F., Wang X., Muhlberger E., Volchkov V., Paragas J., Klenk H.D., Garcia-Sastre A., Palese P. The Ebola virus VP35 protein functions as a type I IFN antagonist. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 97:2000;12289-12294.
4. Bergmann C.C., Yao Q., Lin M., Stohlman S.A. The JHM strain of mouse hepatitis virus induces a spike protein-specific Db-restricted cytotoxic T cell response. J. Gen. Virol. 77:1996;315-425.
5. Bergmann C.C., Altman J.D., Hinton D., Stohlman S.A. Inverted immunodominance and impaired cytolytic function of CD8+ T cells during viral persistence in the central nervous system. J. Immunol. 163:1999;3379-3387.
6. Biron C.A., Nguyen K.B., Pien G.C., Cousens L.P., Salazar-Mather T.P. Natural killer cells in antiviral defense: function and regulation by innate cytokines. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 17:1999;189-220.
7. Bronte V., Wang M., Overwijk W.W., Surman D.R., Pericle F., Rosenberg S.A., Restifo N.P. Apoptotic death of CD8+ T lymphocytes after immunization: induction of a suppressive population of Mac-1+/Gr-1+ cells. J. Immunol. 161:1998;5313-5320.
8. Carson M.J., Reilly C.R., Sutcliffe J.G., Lo D. Mature microglia resemble immature antigen-presenting cells. Glia. 22:1998;72-85.
9. Castro R.F., Perlman S. Differential antigen recognition by T cells from the spleen and central nervous system of coronavirus-infected mice. Virology. 222:1996;247-251.
10. Castro R.F., Evans G.D., Jaszewski A., Perlman S. Coronavirus-induced demyelination occurs in the presence of virus-specific cytotoxic T cells. Virology. 200:1994;733-743.
11. Chen W., Calvo P.A., Malide D., Gibbs J., Schubert U., Bacik I., Basta S., O'Neill R., Schickli J., Palese P., Henklein P., Bennink J.R., Yewdell J.W. A novel influenza A virus mitochondrial protein that induces cell death. Nat. Med. 7:2001;1306-1312.
12. Fingerote R.J., Abecassis M., Phillips M.J., Rao Y.S., Cole E.H., Leibowitz J., Levy G.A. Loss of resistance to murine hepatitis virus strain 3 infection after treatment with corticosteroids is associated with induction of macrophage procoagulant activity. J. Virol. 70:1996;4275-4282.
13. Gombold J.L., Sutherland R.M., Lavi E., Paterson Y., Weiss S.R. Mouse hepatitis virus A59-induced demyelination can occur in the absence of CD8+ T cells. Microb. Pathog. 18:1995;211-221.
14. Gottschall P.E., Tatsuno I., Arimura A. Regulation of interleukin-6 (IL-6) secretion in primary cultured rat astrocytes: synergism of interleukin-1 (IL-1) and pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP). Brain Res. 637:1994;197-203.
15. Grau V., Herbst B., van der Meide P.H., Steiniger B. Activation of microglial and endothelial cells in the rat brain after treatment with interferon-gamma in vivo. Glia. 19:1997;181-189.
16. Haring J.S., Pewe L.L., Perlman S. High-magnitude, virus-specific CD4 T-cell response in the central nervous system of coronavirus-infected mice. J. Virol. 75:2001;3043-3047.
17. Hoffman L.M., Fife B.T., Begolka W.S., Miller S.D., Karpus W.J. Central nervous system chemokine expression during Theiler's virus-induced demyelinating disease. J. NeuroVirol. 5:1999;635-642.
18. Kitai R., Zhao M.L., Zhang N., Hua L.L., Lee S.C. Role of MIP-1beta and RANTES in HIV-1 infection of microglia: inhibition of infection and induction by IFNbeta. J. Neuroimmunol. 110:2000;230-239.
19. Lai M.M., Stohlman S.A. Comparative analysis of RNA genomes of mouse hepatitis viruses. J. Virol. 38:1981;661-670.
20. Lane T.E., Asensio V.C., Yu N., Paoletti A.D., Campbell I.L., Buchmeier M.J. Dynamic regulation of alpha- and beta-chemokine expression in the central nervous system during mouse hepatitis virus-induced demyelinating disease. J. Immunol. 160:1998;970-978.
21. Lavi E., Gilden D.H., Highkin M.K., Weiss S.R. Persistence of mouse hepatitis virus A59 RNA in a slow virus demyelinating infection in mice as detected by in situ hybridization. J. Virol. 51:1984;563-566.
22. Lavi E., Das Sarma J., Weiss S.R. Cellular reservoirs for coronavirus infection of the brain in beta2-microglobulin knockout mice. Pathobiology. 67:1999;75-83.
23. LeBlanc R.A., Pesnicak L., Cabral E.S., Godleski M., Straus S.E. Lack of interleukin-6 (IL-6) enhances susceptibility to infection but does not alter latency or reactivation of herpes simplex virus type 1 in IL-6 knockout mice. J. Virol. 73:1999;8145-8151.
24. Lidbury B.A., Simeonovic C., Maxwell G.E., Marshall I.D., Hapel A.J. Macrophage-induced muscle pathology results in morbidity and mortality for Ross River virus-infected mice. J. Infect. Dis. 181:2000;27-34.
25. Liu M.T., Lane T.E. Chemokine expression and viral infection of the central nervous system: regulation of host defense and neuropathology. Immunol. Res. 24:2001;111-119.
26. Marten N.W., Stohlman S.A., Bergmann C.C. MHV infection of the CNS: mechanisms of immune-mediated control. Viral Immunol. 14:2001;1-18.
27. Merrill J.E. Proinflammatory and antiinflammatory cytokines in multiple sclerosis and central nervous system acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. J. Immunother. 12:1992;167-170.
28. Mori I., Hossain M.J., Takeda K., Okamura H., Imai Y., Kohsaka S., Kimura Y. Impaired microglial activation in the brain of IL-18-gene-disrupted mice after neurovirulent influenza a virus infection. Virology. 287:2001;163-170.
29. Moskophidis D., Lechner F., Pircher H., Zinkernagel R.M. Virus persistence in acutely infected immunocompetent mice by exhaustion of antiviral cytotoxic effector T cells. Nature. 362:1993;758-761.
30. Noseworthy J.H. Progress in determining the causes and treatment of multiple sclerosis. Nature. 399:1999;A40-A47.
31. Okuda Y., Sakoda S., Fujimura H., Saeki Y., Kishimoto T., Yanagihara T. IL-6 plays a crucial role in the induction phase of myelin oligodendrocyte glucoprotein 35-55 induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J. Neuroimmunol. 101:1999;188-196.
32. Olsson T. Critical influences of the cytokine orchestration on the outcome of myelin antigen-specific T-cell autoimmunity in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and multiple sclerosis. Immunol. Rev. 144:1995;245-268.
33. Olson J.K., Girvin A.M., Miller S.D. Direct activation of innate and antigen-presenting functions of microglia following infection with Theiler's virus. J. Virol. 75:2001;9780-9789.
34. Orange J.S., Biron C.A. An absolute and restricted requirement for IL-12 in natural killer cell IFN-gamma production and antiviral defense. Studies of natural killer and T cell responses in contrasting viral infections. J. Immunol. 156:1996;1138-1142.
35. Park I.W., Ullrich C.K., Schoenberger E., Ganju R.K., Groopman J.E. Hiv-1 tat induces microvascular endothelial apoptosis through caspase activation. J. Immunol. 167:2001;2766-2771.
36. Parra B., Hinton D.R., Lin M.T., Cua D.J., Stohlman S.A. Kinetics of cytokine mRNA expression in the central nervous system following lethal and nonlethal coronavirus-induced acute encephalomyelitis. Virology. 233:1997;260-270.
37. Parra B., Hinton D.R., Marten N.W., Bergmann C.C., Lin M.T., Yang C.S., Stohlman S.A. IFN-gamma is required for viral clearance from central nervous system oligodendroglia. J. Immunol. 162:1999;1641-1647.
38. Pavesi G., Gemignani F., Macaluso G.M., Ventrua P., Magnani G., Fiocchi A., Medici D., Marbini A., Mancia D. Acute sensory and autonomic neuropathy: possible association with coxsackie B virus infection. J. Neurol., Neurosurg. Psychiatry. 55:1992;613-615.
39. Phillips J.J., Chua M.M., Lavi E., Weiss S.R. Pathogenesis of chimeric MHV4/MHV-A59 recombinant viruses: the murine coronavirus spike protein is a major determinant of neurovirulence. J. Virol. 73:1999;7752-7760.
40. Phillips J.J., Chua M.M., Rall G.F., Weiss S.R. Murine coronavirus spike glycoprotein mediates degree of viral spread, inflammation, and virus-induced immunopathology in the central nervous system. Virology. 301:2002;109-120.
41. Rempel J.D., Murray S.J., Meisner J., Buchmeier M.J. Mouse hepatitis virus neurovirulence: evidence of a linkage between S glycoprotein expression and immunopathology. Virology. 318:2004;45-54.
42. Saio M., Radoja S., Marino M., Frey A.B. Tumor-infiltrating macrophages induce apoptosis in activated CD8(+) T cells by a mechanism requiring cell contact and mediated by both the cell-associated form of TNF and nitric oxide. J. Immunol. 167:2001;5583-5593.
43. Schijns V.E., Haagmans B.L., Wierda C.M., Kruithof B., Heijnen I.A., Alber G., Horzinek M.C. Mice lacking IL-12 develop polarized Th1 cells during viral infection. J. Immunol. 160:1998;3958-3964.
44. Schuerwegh A.J., Stevens W.J., Bridts C.H., De Clerck L.S. Evaluation of monensin and brefeldin A for flow cytometric determination of interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in monocytes. Cytometry. 46:2001;172-176.
45. Shoji H., Azuma K., Nishimura Y., Fujimoto H., Sugita Y., Eizuru Y. Acute viral encephalitis: the recent progress. Intern. Med. 41:2002;420-428.
46. Smits H.A., Boven L.A., Pereira C.F., Verhoef J., Nottet H.S. Role of macrophage activation in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease and human immunodeficiency virus type 1-associated dementia. Eur. J. Clin. Invest. 30:2000;526-535.
47. Stalder A.K., Campbell I.L. Simultaneous analysis of multiple cytokine receptor mRNAs by RNase protection assay in LPS-induced endotoxemia. Lymphokine Cytokine Res. 13:1994;107-112.
48. Sun N., Grzybicki D., Castro R.F., Murphy S., Perlman S. Activation of astrocytes in the spinal cord of mice chronically infected with a neurotropic coronavirus. Virology. 213:1995;482-493.
49. Talbot P.J., Buchmeier M.J. Antigenic variation among murine coronaviruses: evidence for polymorphism on the peplomer glycoprotein, E2. Virus Res. 2:1985;317-328.
50. Theil D.J., Tsunoda I., Libbey J.E., Derfuss T.J., Fujinami R.S. Alterations in cytokine but not chemokine mRNA expression during three distinct Theiler's virus infections. J. Neuroimmunol. 104:2000;22-30.
51. Tumpey T.M., Lu X., Morken T., Zaki S.R., Katz J.M. Depletion of lymphocytes and diminished cytokine production in mice infected with a highly virulent influenza A (H5N1) virus isolated from humans. J. Virol. 74:2000;6105-6116.
52. van Berlo M.F., Warringa R., Wolswijk G., Lopes-Cardozo M. Vulnerability of rat and mouse brain cells to murine hepatitis virus (JHM-strain): studies in vivo and in vitro. Glia. 2:1989;85-93.
53. Vandenabeele P., Fiers W. Is amyloidogenesis during Alzheimer's disease due to an IL-1-/IL-6-mediated 'acute phase response' in the brain? Immunol. Today. 12:1991;217-219.
54. Wesselingh S.L., Levine B., Fox R.J., Choi S., Griffin D.E. Intracerebral cytokine mRNA expression during fatal and nonfatal alphavirus encephalitis suggests a predominant type 2 T cell response. J. Immunol. 152:1994;1289-1297.
55. Woyciechowska J.L., Trapp B.D., Patrick D.H., Shekarchi I.C., Leinikki P.O., Sever J.L., Holmes K.V. Acute and subacute demyelination induced by mouse hepatitis virus strain A59 in C3H mice. J. Exp. Pathol. 1:1984;295-306.
56. Xiong H., Zheng J., Thylin M., Gendelman H.E. Unraveling the mechanisms of neurotoxicity in HIV type 1-associated dementia: inhibition of neuronal synaptic transmission by macrophage secretory products. AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses. 15:1999;57-63.
57. Yasuda C.L., Al-Sabbagh A., Oliveira E.C., Diaz-Bardales B.M., Garcia A.A., Santos L.M. Interferon beta modulates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by altering the pattern of cytokine secretion. Immunol. Invest. 28:1999;115-126.
58. Yee S.T., Kato T., Tamura T., Nariuchi H. Different requirements of CD3 cross-linkage for the activation of memory and naive CD8+ T cells. Cell. Immunol. 157:1994;48-58.
59. Zhang X., Hinton D., Park S., Liao C.L., Lai M.M., Stohlman S. Using a defective-interfering RNA system to express the HE protein of mouse hepatitis virus for studying viral pathogenesis. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 440:1998;521-528.
60. Zhou J., Stohlman S.A., Hinton D.R., Marten N.W. Neutrophils promote mononuclear cell infiltration during viral-induced encephalitis. J. Immunol. 170:2003;3331-3336.
61. Zou L.P., Ma D.H., Wei L., van der Meide P.H., Mix E., Zhu J. IFN-beta suppresses experimental autoimmune neuritis in Lewis rats by inhibiting the migration of inflammatory cells into peripheral nervous tissue. J. Neurosci. Res. 56:1999;123-130.