메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 22, Issue 3, 2004, Pages 160-176

Prevention of opportunistic infections in adult and adolescent patients with HIV infection. GESIDA/National AIDS Plan guidelines, 2003;Prevención de las infecciones oportunistas en pacientes adultos y adolescentes infectados por el VIH. Recomendaciones de GESIDA/Plan Nacional sobre el Sida. Año 2003

(21)  Berenguer, Juan a   Laguna, Fernando b   López Aldeguer, José c   Moreno, Santiago d,n   Arribas, José R b   Arrizabalaga, Julio e   Baraia, Josu f   Casado, José Luis d   Cosín, Jaime a   Polo, Rosa g   González García, Juan b   Iribarren, José A e   Kindelán, José M h   Lopez Bernaldo De Quiros, Juan C a   López Vélez, Rogelio d   Lorenzo, Juan F i   Lozano, Fernando j   Mallolas, Josep k   Miró, José M k,o   Pulido, Federico l   more..


Author keywords

HIV; Opportunistic infections; Prophylaxis; Withdrawal of prophylaxis

Indexed keywords

ACICLOVIR; AMPHOTERICIN B; AMPRENAVIR; ANTIRETROVIRUS AGENT; AZITHROMYCIN; BCG VACCINE; CIDOFOVIR; CLARITHROMYCIN; COTRIMOXAZOLE; DAPSONE; DELAVIRDINE; ETHAMBUTOL; FAMCICLOVIR; FLUCONAZOLE; FOMIVIRSEN; FOSCARNET; GANCICLOVIR; HEPATITIS B VACCINE; INDINAVIR; ISONIAZID; ITRACONAZOLE; LOPINAVIR; NELFINAVIR; PYRAZINAMIDE; RIFABUTIN; RIFAMPICIN; RITONAVIR; SAQUINAVIR; UNINDEXED DRUG; VALGANCICLOVIR;

EID: 11144353623     PISSN: 0213005X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1157/13058025     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (15)

References (169)
  • 1
    • 85047694245 scopus 로고
    • Safety and efficacy of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim chemoprophylaxis for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in AIDS
    • Fischl MA, Dickinson GM, La Voie L. Safety and efficacy of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim chemoprophylaxis for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in AIDS. JAMA 1988;259:1185-9.
    • (1988) JAMA , vol.259 , pp. 1185-1189
    • Fischl, M.A.1    Dickinson, G.M.2    La Voie, L.3
  • 2
    • 0029987128 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physicians' experience with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome as a factor in patients' survival
    • Kitahata MM, Koepsell TD, Deyo RA, Maxwell CL, Dodge WT, Wagner EH. Physicians' experience with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome as a factor in patients' survival. N Engl J Med 1996;334:701-6.
    • (1996) N Engl J Med , vol.334 , pp. 701-706
    • Kitahata, M.M.1    Koepsell, T.D.2    Deyo, R.A.3    Maxwell, C.L.4    Dodge, W.T.5    Wagner, E.H.6
  • 3
    • 2642709177 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Declining morbidity and mortality among patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection
    • HIV Outpatient Study Investigators
    • Palella FJ Jr, Dalaney KM, Moorman AC, Loveless MO, Fuhrer J, Satten GA, et al. Declining morbidity and mortality among patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection. HIV Outpatient Study Investigators. N Engl J Med 1998;338:853-60.
    • (1998) N Engl J Med , vol.338 , pp. 853-860
    • Palella Jr., F.J.1    Dalaney, K.M.2    Moorman, A.C.3    Loveless, M.O.4    Fuhrer, J.5    Satten, G.A.6
  • 4
    • 0033528735 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relations among CD4 lymphocyte count nadir, antiretroviral therapy, and HIV-1 disease progression: Results from the EuroSIDA study
    • Miller V, Mocroft A, Reiss P, Katlama C, Papadopoulos Al, Katzenstein T, et al. Relations among CD4 lymphocyte count nadir, antiretroviral therapy, and HIV-1 disease progression: Results from the EuroSIDA study. Ann Intern Med 1999;130:570-7.
    • (1999) Ann Intern Med , vol.130 , pp. 570-577
    • Miller, V.1    Mocroft, A.2    Reiss, P.3    Katlama, C.4    Papadopoulos, Al.5    Katzenstein, T.6
  • 5
    • 0030868897 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Positive effects of combined antiretroviral therapy on CD4+ T cell homeostasis and function in advanced HIV disease
    • Autran B, Carcelain G, Li TS, Blanc C, Mathez D, Tubiana R, et al. Positive effects of combined antiretroviral therapy on CD4+ T cell homeostasis and function in advanced HIV disease. Science 1997;277:112-6.
    • (1997) Science , vol.277 , pp. 112-116
    • Autran, B.1    Carcelain, G.2    Li, T.S.3    Blanc, C.4    Mathez, D.5    Tubiana, R.6
  • 6
    • 0031881026 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Restoration of cytomegalovirus-specific CD4+ T-lymphocyte responses after ganciclovir and highly active antiretroviral therapy in individuals infected with HIV-1
    • Komanduri KV, Viswanathan MN, Wieder ED, Schmidt DK, Bredt BM, Jacobson MA, et al. Restoration of cytomegalovirus-specific CD4+ T-lymphocyte responses after ganciclovir and highly active antiretroviral therapy in individuals infected with HIV-1. Nat Med 1998;4:953-6.
    • (1998) Nat Med , vol.4 , pp. 953-956
    • Komanduri, K.V.1    Viswanathan, M.N.2    Wieder, E.D.3    Schmidt, D.K.4    Bredt, B.M.5    Jacobson, M.A.6
  • 7
    • 0034491142 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevención de las infecciones oportunistas en pacientes adultos y adolescentes infectados por el VIH en la era del tratamiento antirretroviral de gran actividad. Recomendaciones de GESIDA/Plan Nacional Sobre el SIDA
    • Berenguer J, Laguna F, López-Aldeguer J, Moreno S. Prevención de las infecciones oportunistas en pacientes adultos y adolescentes infectados por el VIH en la era del tratamiento antirretroviral de gran actividad. Recomendaciones de GESIDA/Plan Nacional Sobre el SIDA. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2000;18:457-68.
    • (2000) Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin , vol.18 , pp. 457-468
    • Berenguer, J.1    Laguna, F.2    López-Aldeguer, J.3    Moreno, S.4
  • 8
    • 0035867087 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guide to development of practice guidelines
    • Kish MA. Guide to development of practice guidelines. Clin Infect Dis 2001;32:851-4.
    • (2001) Clin Infect Dis , vol.32 , pp. 851-854
    • Kish, M.A.1
  • 9
    • 0030631137 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cytomegalovirus retinitis: New developments in prophylaxis and therapy
    • Jacobson MA. Cytomegalovirus retinitis: New developments in prophylaxis and therapy. AIDS Clin Rev 1997:249-69.
    • (1997) AIDS Clin Rev , pp. 249-269
    • Jacobson, M.A.1
  • 10
    • 0032822476 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incidence and risk factors for developing cytomegalovirus retinitis in HIV-infected patients receiving protease inhibitor therapy
    • Spanish CMV-AIDS Study Group
    • Casado JL, Arrizabalaga J, Montes M, Marti-Belda P, Tural C, Pinilla J, et al. Incidence and risk factors for developing cytomegalovirus retinitis in HIV-infected patients receiving protease inhibitor therapy. Spanish CMV-AIDS Study Group. Aids 1999;13:1497-502.
    • (1999) Aids , vol.13 , pp. 1497-1502
    • Casado, J.L.1    Arrizabalaga, J.2    Montes, M.3    Marti-Belda, P.4    Tural, C.5    Pinilla, J.6
  • 11
    • 0032537169 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increasing survival in AIDS patients with cytomegalovirus retinitis treated with combination antiretroviral therapy including HIV protease inhibitors
    • Walsh JC, Jones CD, Barnes EA, Gazzard BG, Mitchell SM. Increasing survival in AIDS patients with cytomegalovirus retinitis treated with combination antiretroviral therapy including HIV protease inhibitors. Aids 1998;12:613-8.
    • (1998) Aids , vol.12 , pp. 613-618
    • Walsh, J.C.1    Jones, C.D.2    Barnes, E.A.3    Gazzard, B.G.4    Mitchell, S.M.5
  • 13
    • 0034594634 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cytomegalovirus retinitis in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy
    • Whitcup SM. Cytomegalovirus retinitis in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. JAMA 2000;283:653-7.
    • (2000) JAMA , vol.283 , pp. 653-657
    • Whitcup, S.M.1
  • 14
    • 18144436054 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transient vitreous inflammatory reactions associated with combination antiretroviral therapy in patients with AIDS and cytomegalovirus retinitis
    • Zegans ME, Walton RC, Holland GN, O'Donnell JJ, Jacobson MA, Margolis TP. Transient vitreous inflammatory reactions associated with combination antiretroviral therapy in patients with AIDS and cytomegalovirus retinitis. Am J Ophthalmol 1998;125:292-300.
    • (1998) Am J Ophthalmol , vol.125 , pp. 292-300
    • Zegans, M.E.1    Walton, R.C.2    Holland, G.N.3    O'Donnell, J.J.4    Jacobson, M.A.5    Margolis, T.P.6
  • 15
    • 0033391432 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incidence of immune recovery vitritis in cytomegalovirus retinitis patients following institution of successful highly active antiretroviral therapy
    • Karavellas MP, Plummer DJ, Macdonald JC, Torriani FJ, Shufelt CL, Azen SP, et al. Incidence of immune recovery vitritis in cytomegalovirus retinitis patients following institution of successful highly active antiretroviral therapy. J Infect Dis 1999;179:697-700.
    • (1999) J Infect Dis , vol.179 , pp. 697-700
    • Karavellas, M.P.1    Plummer, D.J.2    Macdonald, J.C.3    Torriani, F.J.4    Shufelt, C.L.5    Azen, S.P.6
  • 17
    • 9344267138 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral ganciclovir for the prevention of cytomegalovirus disease in persons with AIDS
    • Roche Cooperative Oral Ganciclovir Study Group
    • Spector SA, McKinley GF, Lalezari JP, Samo T, Andruczk R, Follansbee S, et al. Oral ganciclovir for the prevention of cytomegalovirus disease in persons with AIDS. Roche Cooperative Oral Ganciclovir Study Group. N Engl J Med 1996;334:1491-7.
    • (1996) N Engl J Med , vol.334 , pp. 1491-1497
    • Spector, S.A.1    McKinley, G.F.2    Lalezari, J.P.3    Samo, T.4    Andruczk, R.5    Follansbee, S.6
  • 18
    • 6844265589 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of the safety and efficacy of oral ganciclovir for prophylaxis of cytomegalovirus disease in HIV-infected individuals
    • Terry Beirn Community Programs for Clinical Research on AIDS
    • Brosgart CL, Louis TA, Hillman DW, Craig CP, Alston B, Fisher E, et al. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of the safety and efficacy of oral ganciclovir for prophylaxis of cytomegalovirus disease in HIV-infected individuals. Terry Beirn Community Programs for Clinical Research on AIDS. Aids 1998;12:269-77.
    • (1998) Aids , vol.12 , pp. 269-277
    • Brosgart, C.L.1    Louis, T.A.2    Hillman, D.W.3    Craig, C.P.4    Alston, B.5    Fisher, E.6
  • 19
    • 0030874410 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
    • Jacobson MA. Treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. N Engl J Med 1997;337:105-14.
    • (1997) N Engl J Med , vol.337 , pp. 105-114
    • Jacobson, M.A.1
  • 20
    • 0029143294 scopus 로고
    • Oral ganciclovir as maintenance treatment for cytomegalovirus retinitis in patients with AIDS
    • Syntex Cooperative Oral Ganciclovir Study Group
    • Drew WL, Ives D, Lalezari JP, Crumpacker C, Follansbee SE, Spector SA, et al. Oral ganciclovir as maintenance treatment for cytomegalovirus retinitis in patients with AIDS. Syntex Cooperative Oral Ganciclovir Study Group. N Engl J Med 1995;333:615-20.
    • (1995) N Engl J Med , vol.333 , pp. 615-620
    • Drew, W.L.1    Ives, D.2    Lalezari, J.P.3    Crumpacker, C.4    Follansbee, S.E.5    Spector, S.A.6
  • 21
    • 0034933504 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Valganciclovir
    • discussion 1151-2
    • Curran M, Noble S. Valganciclovir. Drugs 2001;61:1145-50; discussion 1151-2.
    • (2001) Drugs , vol.61 , pp. 1145-1150
    • Curran, M.1    Noble, S.2
  • 22
    • 0031563023 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis with a sustained-release ganciclovir implant
    • The Ganciclovir Implant Study Group
    • Musch DC, Martin DF, Gordon JF, Davis MD, Kuppermann BD. Treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis with a sustained-release ganciclovir implant. The Ganciclovir Implant Study Group. N Engl J Med 1997;337:83-90.
    • (1997) N Engl J Med , vol.337 , pp. 83-90
    • Musch, D.C.1    Martin, D.F.2    Gordon, J.F.3    Davis, M.D.4    Kuppermann, B.D.5
  • 23
    • 0033535532 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral ganciclovir for patients with cytomegalovirus retinitis treated with a ganciclovir implant
    • Roche Ganciclovir Study Group
    • Martin DF, Kuppermann BD, Wolitz RA, Palestine AG, Li H, Robinson CA. Oral ganciclovir for patients with cytomegalovirus retinitis treated with a ganciclovir implant. Roche Ganciclovir Study Group. N Engl J Med 1999;340:1063-70.
    • (1999) N Engl J Med , vol.340 , pp. 1063-1070
    • Martin, D.F.1    Kuppermann, B.D.2    Wolitz, R.A.3    Palestine, A.G.4    Li, H.5    Robinson, C.A.6
  • 25
    • 0032507777 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guidelines for the treatment of cytomegalovirus diseases in patients with AIDS in the era of potent antiretroviral therapy: Recommendations of an international panel
    • International AIDS Society-USA
    • Whitley RJ, Jacobson MA, Friedberg DN, Holland GN, Jabs DA, Dieterich DT, et al. Guidelines for the treatment of cytomegalovirus diseases in patients with AIDS in the era of potent antiretroviral therapy: Recommendations of an international panel. International AIDS Society-USA. Arch Intern Med 1998;158:957-69.
    • (1998) Arch Intern Med , vol.158 , pp. 957-969
    • Whitley, R.J.1    Jacobson, M.A.2    Friedberg, D.N.3    Holland, G.N.4    Jabs, D.A.5    Dieterich, D.T.6
  • 26
    • 17344373825 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-lasting remission of cytomegalovirus retinitis without maintenance therapy in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients
    • Tural C, Romeu J, Sirera G, Andreu D, Conejero M, Ruiz S, et al. Long-lasting remission of cytomegalovirus retinitis without maintenance therapy in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. J Infect Dis 1998;177:1080-3.
    • (1998) J Infect Dis , vol.177 , pp. 1080-1083
    • Tural, C.1    Romeu, J.2    Sirera, G.3    Andreu, D.4    Conejero, M.5    Ruiz, S.6
  • 27
    • 0031686182 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Discontinuation of maintenance therapy in patients with quiescent cytomegalovirus retinitis and elevated CD4+ counts
    • Vrabec TR, Baldassano VF, Whitcup SM. Discontinuation of maintenance therapy in patients with quiescent cytomegalovirus retinitis and elevated CD4+ counts. Ophthalmology 1998;105:1259-64.
    • (1998) Ophthalmology , vol.105 , pp. 1259-1264
    • Vrabec, T.R.1    Baldassano, V.F.2    Whitcup, S.M.3
  • 28
    • 0033520676 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Discontinuation of anticytomegalovirus therapy in patients with HIV infection and cytomegalovirus retinitis
    • Whitcup SM, Fortin E, Lindblad AS, Griffiths P, Metcalf JA, Robinson MR, et al. Discontinuation of anticytomegalovirus therapy in patients with HIV infection and cytomegalovirus retinitis. JAMA 1999;282:1633-7.
    • (1999) JAMA , vol.282 , pp. 1633-1637
    • Whitcup, S.M.1    Fortin, E.2    Lindblad, A.S.3    Griffiths, P.4    Metcalf, J.A.5    Robinson, M.R.6
  • 29
    • 17344370672 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lack of reactivation of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis after stopping CMV maintenance therapy in AIDS patients with sustained elevations in CD4 T cells in response to highly active antiretroviral therapy
    • Macdonald JC, Torriani FJ, Morse LS, Karavellas MP, Reed JB, Freeman WR. Lack of reactivation of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis after stopping CMV maintenance therapy in AIDS patients with sustained elevations in CD4 T cells in response to highly active antiretroviral therapy. J Infect Dis 1998;177:1182-7.
    • (1998) J Infect Dis , vol.177 , pp. 1182-1187
    • Macdonald, J.C.1    Torriani, F.J.2    Morse, L.S.3    Karavellas, M.P.4    Reed, J.B.5    Freeman, W.R.6
  • 30
    • 0035808601 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Discontinuation of maintenance therapy for cytomegalovirus retinitis in HIV-infected patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy
    • Jouan M, Saves M, Tubiana R, Carcelain G, Cassoux N, Aubron-Olivier C, et al. Discontinuation of maintenance therapy for cytomegalovirus retinitis in HIV-infected patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy. Aids 2001;15:23-31.
    • (2001) Aids , vol.15 , pp. 23-31
    • Jouan, M.1    Saves, M.2    Tubiana, R.3    Carcelain, G.4    Cassoux, N.5    Aubron-Olivier, C.6
  • 31
    • 0036467055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Discontinuation of secondary prophylaxis in patients with cytomegalovirus retinitis who have responded to highly active antiretroviral therapy
    • Berenguer J, González J, Pulido F, Padilla B, Casado JL, Rubio R, et al. Discontinuation of secondary prophylaxis in patients with cytomegalovirus retinitis who have responded to highly active antiretroviral therapy. Clin Infect Dis 2002;34:394-7.
    • (2002) Clin Infect Dis , vol.34 , pp. 394-397
    • Berenguer, J.1    González, J.2    Pulido, F.3    Padilla, B.4    Casado, J.L.5    Rubio, R.6
  • 32
    • 0037052352 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines 2002
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines 2002. MMWR Recomm Rep 2002;51(RR-6):1-78.
    • (2002) MMWR Recomm Rep , vol.51 , Issue.RR-6 , pp. 1-78
  • 33
    • 0033612047 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevention of varicella. Update recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP)
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Prevention of varicella. Update recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1999;48(RR-6):1-5.
    • (1999) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep , vol.48 , Issue.RR-6 , pp. 1-5
  • 34
    • 0030581083 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevention of varicella: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP)
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Prevention of varicella: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1996;45(RR-11):1-36.
    • (1996) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep , vol.45 , Issue.RR-11 , pp. 1-36
  • 36
    • 0032576759 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fulminant hepatitis associated with hepatitis A virus superinfection in patients with chronic hepatitis C
    • Vento S, Garofano T, Renzini C, Cainelli F, Casali F, Ghironzi G, et al. Fulminant hepatitis associated with hepatitis A virus superinfection in patients with chronic hepatitis C. N Engl J Med 1998;338:286-90.
    • (1998) N Engl J Med , vol.338 , pp. 286-290
    • Vento, S.1    Garofano, T.2    Renzini, C.3    Cainelli, F.4    Casali, F.5    Ghironzi, G.6
  • 37
    • 0242580971 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiopulmonary hospitalizations during influenza season in adults and adolescents with advanced HIV infection
    • Neuzil KM, Coffey CS, Mitchel EF Jr, Griffin MR. Cardiopulmonary hospitalizations during influenza season in adults and adolescents with advanced HIV infection. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2003;34:304-7.
    • (2003) J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr , vol.34 , pp. 304-307
    • Neuzil, K.M.1    Coffey, C.S.2    Mitchel Jr., E.F.3    Griffin, M.R.4
  • 38
    • 0037066803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevention and control of influenza. Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP)
    • Bridges CB, Fukuda K, Uyeki TM, Cox NJ, Singleton JA. Prevention and control of influenza. Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR Recomm Rep 2002;51(RR-3):1-31.
    • (2002) MMWR Recomm Rep , vol.51 , Issue.RR-3 , pp. 1-31
    • Bridges, C.B.1    Fukuda, K.2    Uyeki, T.M.3    Cox, N.J.4    Singleton, J.A.5
  • 39
    • 0037445554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical course and prognostic factors of progressive multi focal leukoencephalopathy in patients treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy
    • Berenguer J, Miralles P, Arrizabalaga J, Ribera E, Dronda F, Baraia-Etxaburu J, et al. Clinical course and prognostic factors of progressive multi focal leukoencephalopathy in patients treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy. Clin Infect Dis 2003;36:1047-52.
    • (2003) Clin Infect Dis , vol.36 , pp. 1047-1052
    • Berenguer, J.1    Miralles, P.2    Arrizabalaga, J.3    Ribera, E.4    Dronda, F.5    Baraia-Etxaburu, J.6
  • 40
    • 0024600645 scopus 로고
    • A prospective study of the risk of tuberculosis among intravenous drug users with human immunodeficiency virus infection
    • Selwyn PA, Hartel D, Lewis VA, Schoenbaum EE, Vermund SH, Klein RS, et al. A prospective study of the risk of tuberculosis among intravenous drug users with human immunodeficiency virus infection. N Engl J Med 1989;320:545-50.
    • (1989) N Engl J Med , vol.320 , pp. 545-550
    • Selwyn, P.A.1    Hartel, D.2    Lewis, V.A.3    Schoenbaum, E.E.4    Vermund, S.H.5    Klein, R.S.6
  • 41
    • 0026340040 scopus 로고
    • An outbreak of tuberculosis with accelerated progression among persons infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. An analysis using restriction-fragment-length polymorphisms
    • Daley CL, Small PM, Schecter GF, Schoolnik GK, McAdam RA, Jacobs WR Jr, et al. An outbreak of tuberculosis with accelerated progression among persons infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. An analysis using restriction-fragment-length polymorphisms. N Engl J Med 1992;326:231-5.
    • (1992) N Engl J Med , vol.326 , pp. 231-235
    • Daley, C.L.1    Small, P.M.2    Schecter, G.F.3    Schoolnik, G.K.4    McAdam, R.A.5    Jacobs Jr., W.R.6
  • 43
    • 0031554755 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anergy skin testing and tuberculosis preventive therapy for HIV-infected persons: Revised recommendations
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Anergy skin testing and tuberculosis preventive therapy for HIV-infected persons: Revised recommendations. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1997;46(RR-15):1-10.
    • (1997) Morb Mortal Wkly Rep , vol.46 , Issue.RR-15 , pp. 1-10
  • 44
    • 9844267960 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A trial of three regimens to prevent tuberculosis in Ugandan adults infected with the human immunodeficiency virus
    • Uganda-Case Western Reserve University Research Collaboration
    • Whalen CC, Johnson JL, Okwera A, Hom DL, Huebner R, Mugyenyi P, et al. A trial of three regimens to prevent tuberculosis in Ugandan adults infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. Uganda-Case Western Reserve University Research Collaboration. N Engl J Med 1997;337:801-8.
    • (1997) N Engl J Med , vol.337 , pp. 801-808
    • Whalen, C.C.1    Johnson, J.L.2    Okwera, A.3    Hom, D.L.4    Huebner, R.5    Mugyenyi, P.6
  • 45
    • 8544267193 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A controlled trial of isoniazid in persons with anergy and human immunodeficiency virus infection who are at high risk for tuberculosis
    • Terry Beirn Community Programs for Clinical Research on AIDS
    • Gordin FM, Matts JP, Miller C, Brown LS, Hafner R, John SL, et al. A controlled trial of isoniazid in persons with anergy and human immunodeficiency virus infection who are at high risk for tuberculosis. Terry Beirn Community Programs for Clinical Research on AIDS. N Engl J Med 1997;337:315-20.
    • (1997) N Engl J Med , vol.337 , pp. 315-320
    • Gordin, F.M.1    Matts, J.P.2    Miller, C.3    Brown, L.S.4    Hafner, R.5    John, S.L.6
  • 46
    • 0037818343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ensayo clínico aleatorizado de tres pautas de quimioprofilaxis para prevenir la tuberculosis en pacientes infectados por el VIH con anergia cutánea
    • Rivero A, López-Cortes L, Castillo R, Lozano F, Garcia MA, Díez F, et al. Ensayo clínico aleatorizado de tres pautas de quimioprofilaxis para prevenir la tuberculosis en pacientes infectados por el VIH con anergia cutánea. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2003;21:287-92.
    • (2003) Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin , vol.21 , pp. 287-292
    • Rivero, A.1    López-Cortes, L.2    Castillo, R.3    Lozano, F.4    Garcia, M.A.5    Díez, F.6
  • 47
    • 0032582422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevention and treatment of tuberculosis among patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus: Principles of therapy and revised recommendations
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Prevention and treatment of tuberculosis among patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus: Principles of therapy and revised recommendations. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Morb Mortal Wldy Rep 1998;47(RR-20):1-58.
    • (1998) Morb Mortal Wldy Rep , vol.47 , Issue.RR-20 , pp. 1-58
  • 51
    • 0027373767 scopus 로고
    • A prospective study of the risk of tuberculosis among HIV-infected patients
    • Guelar A, Gatell JM, Verdejo J, Podzamczer D, Lozano L, Aznar E, et al. A prospective study of the risk of tuberculosis among HIV-infected patients. Aids 1993;7:1345-9.
    • (1993) Aids , vol.7 , pp. 1345-1349
    • Guelar, A.1    Gatell, J.M.2    Verdejo, J.3    Podzamczer, D.4    Lozano, L.5    Aznar, E.6
  • 52
    • 0027293229 scopus 로고
    • Effect of isoniazid prophylaxis on incidence of active tuberculosis and progression of HIV infection
    • Pape JW, Jean SS, Ho JL, Hafner A, Johnson WD Jr. Effect of isoniazid prophylaxis on incidence of active tuberculosis and progression of HIV infection. Lancet 1993;342(8866):268-72.
    • (1993) Lancet , vol.342 , Issue.8866 , pp. 268-272
    • Pape, J.W.1    Jean, S.S.2    Ho, J.L.3    Hafner, A.4    Johnson Jr., W.D.5
  • 53
    • 0030803872 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Isoniazid preventive therapy in human immunodeficiency virus-infected persons. Long-term effect on development of tuberculosis and survival
    • Moreno S, Miralles P, Díaz MD, Baraia J, Padilla B, Berenguer J, et al. Isoniazid preventive therapy in human immunodeficiency virus-infected persons. Long-term effect on development of tuberculosis and survival. Arch Intern Med 1997;157:1729-34.
    • (1997) Arch Intern Med , vol.157 , pp. 1729-1734
    • Moreno, S.1    Miralles, P.2    Díaz, M.D.3    Baraia, J.4    Padilla, B.5    Berenguer, J.6
  • 54
    • 8244223173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Isoniazid preventive therapy for tuberculosis in HIV-1-infected adults: Results of a randomized controlled trial
    • Hawken MP, Meme HK, Elliott LC, Chakaya JM, Morris JS, Githui WA, et al. Isoniazid preventive therapy for tuberculosis in HIV-1-infected adults: Results of a randomized controlled trial. Aids 1997;11:875-82.
    • (1997) Aids , vol.11 , pp. 875-882
    • Hawken, M.P.1    Meme, H.K.2    Elliott, L.C.3    Chakaya, J.M.4    Morris, J.S.5    Githui, W.A.6
  • 56
    • 0007487795 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rifampin and pyrazinamide vs isoniazid for prevention of tuberculosis in HIV-infected persons: An international randomized trial
    • Terry Beirn Community Programs for Clinical Research on AIDS, the Adult AIDS Clinical Trials Group, the Pan American Health Organization, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Study Group
    • Gordin F, Chaisson RE, Matts JP, Miller C, De Lourdes García M, Hafner R, et al. Rifampin and pyrazinamide vs isoniazid for prevention of tuberculosis in HIV-infected persons: An international randomized trial. Terry Beirn Community Programs for Clinical Research on AIDS, the Adult AIDS Clinical Trials Group, the Pan American Health Organization, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Study Group. JAMA 2000;283: 1445-50.
    • (2000) JAMA , vol.283 , pp. 1445-1450
    • Gordin, F.1    Chaisson, R.E.2    Matts, J.P.3    Miller, C.4    De Lourdes García, M.5    Hafner, R.6
  • 57
    • 0032515836 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized trial of isoniazid versus rifampicin and pyrazinamide for prevention of tuberculosis in HIV-1 infection
    • Halsey NA, Coberly JS, Desormeaux J, Losikoff P, Atkinson J, Moulton LH, et al. Randomized trial of isoniazid versus rifampicin and pyrazinamide for prevention of tuberculosis in HIV-1 infection. Lancet 1998;351(9105): 786-92.
    • (1998) Lancet , vol.351 , Issue.9105 , pp. 786-792
    • Halsey, N.A.1    Coberly, J.S.2    Desormeaux, J.3    Losikoff, P.4    Atkinson, J.5    Moulton, L.H.6
  • 58
    • 0034091974 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Targeted tuberculin testing and treatment of latent tuberculosis infection
    • American Thoracic Society y Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Targeted tuberculin testing and treatment of latent tuberculosis infection. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000;161:S221-47.
    • (2000) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.161
  • 59
    • 0042203495 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Update: Adverse event data and revised American Thoracic Society/CDC recommendations against the use of rifampin and pyrazinamide for treatment of latent tuberculosis infection-United States, 2003
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Update: Adverse event data and revised American Thoracic Society/CDC recommendations against the use of rifampin and pyrazinamide for treatment of latent tuberculosis infection-United States, 2003. MMWR Morb Mortal Wldy Rep 2003;52:735-9.
    • (2003) MMWR Morb Mortal Wldy Rep , vol.52 , pp. 735-739
  • 60
    • 0035980174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Update: Fatal and severe liver injuries associated with rifampin and pyrazinamide for latent tuberculosis infection, and revisions in American Thoracic Society/CDC recommendations-United States, 2001
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Update: Fatal and severe liver injuries associated with rifampin and pyrazinamide for latent tuberculosis infection, and revisions in American Thoracic Society/CDC recommendations-United States, 2001. MMWR Morb Mortal Wldy Rep 2001;50:733-5.
    • (2001) MMWR Morb Mortal Wldy Rep , vol.50 , pp. 733-735
  • 61
    • 0035876410 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of tuberculosis in HIV-infected patients: Safety and antiretroviral efficacy of the concomitant use of ritonavir and rifampin
    • Moreno S, Podzamczer D, Blázquez R, Iribarren JA, Ferrer E, Reparaz J, et al. Treatment of tuberculosis in HIV-infected patients: Safety and antiretroviral efficacy of the concomitant use of ritonavir and rifampin. Aids 2001;15:1185-7.
    • (2001) Aids , vol.15 , pp. 1185-1187
    • Moreno, S.1    Podzamczer, D.2    Blázquez, R.3    Iribarren, J.A.4    Ferrer, E.5    Reparaz, J.6
  • 62
    • 0037423827 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Co-administration of rifampin and nevirapine in HIV-infected patients with tuberculosis
    • Oliva J, Moreno S, Sanz J, Ribera E, Molina JA, Rubio R, et al. Co-administration of rifampin and nevirapine in HIV-infected patients with tuberculosis. Aids 2003;17:637-8.
    • (2003) Aids , vol.17 , pp. 637-638
    • Oliva, J.1    Moreno, S.2    Sanz, J.3    Ribera, E.4    Molina, J.A.5    Rubio, R.6
  • 65
    • 0034628927 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Updated guidelines for the use of rifabutin or rifampin for the treatment and prevention of tuberculosis among HIV-infected patients taking protease inhibitors or nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Updated guidelines for the use of rifabutin or rifampin for the treatment and prevention of tuberculosis among HIV-infected patients taking protease inhibitors or nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2000;49:185-9.
    • (2000) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep , vol.49 , pp. 185-189
  • 66
    • 0027412759 scopus 로고
    • The safety of Bacille Calmette-Guerin vaccination in HIV infection and AIDS
    • Weltman AC, Rose DN. The safety of Bacille Calmette-Guerin vaccination in HIV infection and AIDS. Aids 1993;7:149-57.
    • (1993) Aids , vol.7 , pp. 149-157
    • Weltman, A.C.1    Rose, D.N.2
  • 67
    • 9344242918 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prophylaxis against disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex with weekly azithromycin, daily rifabutin, or both
    • Havlir DV, Dube MP, Sattler FR, Forthal DN, Kemper CA, Dunne MW, et al. Prophylaxis against disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex with weekly azithromycin, daily rifabutin, or both. N Engl J Med 1996;335:392-8.
    • (1996) N Engl J Med , vol.335 , pp. 392-398
    • Havlir, D.V.1    Dube, M.P.2    Sattler, F.R.3    Forthal, D.N.4    Kemper, C.A.5    Dunne, M.W.6
  • 68
    • 9344235425 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized trial of clarithromycin as prophylaxis against disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex infection in patients with advanced acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
    • Pierce M, Crampton S, Henry D, Heifets L, LaMarca A, Montecalvo M, et al. A randomized trial of clarithromycin as prophylaxis against disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex infection in patients with advanced acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. N Engl J Med 1996;335:384-91.
    • (1996) N Engl J Med , vol.335 , pp. 384-391
    • Pierce, M.1    Crampton, S.2    Henry, D.3    Heifets, L.4    LaMarca, A.5    Montecalvo, M.6
  • 69
    • 0013409836 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Discontinuation of prophylaxis for Mycobacterium avium complex disease in HIV-infected patients who have a response to antiretroviral therapy
    • El-Sadr WM, Burman WJ, Grant LB, Matts JP, Hafner R, Crane L, et al. Discontinuation of prophylaxis for Mycobacterium avium complex disease in HIV-infected patients who have a response to antiretroviral therapy. N Engl J Med 2000;342:1085-92.
    • (2000) N Engl J Med , vol.342 , pp. 1085-1092
    • El-Sadr, W.M.1    Burman, W.J.2    Grant, L.B.3    Matts, J.P.4    Hafner, R.5    Crane, L.6
  • 70
    • 0031784664 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Eradication of AIDS-related disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex infection after 12 months of antimycobacterial therapy combined with highly active antiretroviral therapy
    • Aberg JA, Yajko DM, Jacobson MA. Eradication of AIDS-related disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex infection after 12 months of antimycobacterial therapy combined with highly active antiretroviral therapy. J Infect Dis 1998;178:1446-9.
    • (1998) J Infect Dis , vol.178 , pp. 1446-1449
    • Aberg, J.A.1    Yajko, D.M.2    Jacobson, M.A.3
  • 71
    • 0032991198 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Withdrawal of Mycobacterium avium complex suppressive therapy in HIV-1-infected patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy
    • Martínez E, Miró JM, González J, Mallolas J, Gatell JM. Withdrawal of Mycobacterium avium complex suppressive therapy in HIV-1-infected patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy. Aids 1999;13:147-8.
    • (1999) Aids , vol.13 , pp. 147-148
    • Martínez, E.1    Miró, J.M.2    González, J.3    Mallolas, J.4    Gatell, J.M.5
  • 73
    • 0037143496 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safe interruption of maintenance therapy against previous infection with four common HIV-associated opportunistic pathogens during potent antiretroviral therapy
    • Kirk O, Reiss P, Uberti-Foppa C, Bickel M, Gerstoft J, Pradier C, et al. Safe interruption of maintenance therapy against previous infection with four common HIV-associated opportunistic pathogens during potent antiretroviral therapy. Ann Intern Med 2002;137:239-50.
    • (2002) Ann Intern Med , vol.137 , pp. 239-250
    • Kirk, O.1    Reiss, P.2    Uberti-Foppa, C.3    Bickel, M.4    Gerstoft, J.5    Pradier, C.6
  • 74
    • 0034679239 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 23-Valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in HIV-1-infected Ugandan adults: Double-blind, randomised and placebo controlled trial
    • French N, Nakiyingi J, Carpenter LM, Lugada E, Watera C, Moi K, et al. 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in HIV-1-infected Ugandan adults: Double-blind, randomised and placebo controlled trial. Lancet 2000;355(9221):2106-11.
    • (2000) Lancet , vol.355 , Issue.9221 , pp. 2106-2111
    • French, N.1    Nakiyingi, J.2    Carpenter, L.M.3    Lugada, E.4    Watera, C.5    Moi, K.6
  • 75
    • 0034841227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is the recommendation for pneumococcal vaccination of HIV patients evidence based?
    • Pierce AB, Hoy JF. Is the recommendation for pneumococcal vaccination of HIV patients evidence based? J Clin Virol 2001;22:255-61.
    • (2001) J Clin Virol , vol.22 , pp. 255-261
    • Pierce, A.B.1    Hoy, J.F.2
  • 77
    • 0028944782 scopus 로고
    • A randomized trial comparing fluconazole with clotrimazole troches for the prevention of fungal infections in patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection
    • NIAID AIDS Clinical Trials Group
    • Powderly WG, Finkelstein D, Feinberg J, Frame P, He W, Van der Horst C, et al. A randomized trial comparing fluconazole with clotrimazole troches for the prevention of fungal infections in patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection. NIAID AIDS Clinical Trials Group. N Engl J Med 1995;332:700-5.
    • (1995) N Engl J Med , vol.332 , pp. 700-705
    • Powderly, W.G.1    Finkelstein, D.2    Feinberg, J.3    Frame, P.4    He, W.5    Van Der Horst, C.6
  • 78
    • 0032466799 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prophylaxis with weekly versus daily fluconazole for fungal infections in patients with AIDS
    • Havlir DV, Dube MP, McCutchan JA, Forthal DN, Kemper CA, Dunne MW, et al. Prophylaxis with weekly versus daily fluconazole for fungal infections in patients with AIDS [see comments]. Clin Infect Dis 1998;27:1369-75.
    • (1998) Clin Infect Dis , vol.27 , pp. 1369-1375
    • Havlir, D.V.1    Dube, M.P.2    McCutchan, J.A.3    Forthal, D.N.4    Kemper, C.A.5    Dunne, M.W.6
  • 80
    • 0033730439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Discontinuation of secondary prophylaxis for cryptococcal meningitis in HIV-infected patients responding to highly active antiretroviral therapy
    • Martínez E, García-Viejo MA, Marcos MA, Pérez-Cuevas JB, Blanco JL, Mallolas J, et al. Discontinuation of secondary prophylaxis for cryptococcal meningitis in HIV-infected patients responding to highly active antiretroviral therapy. Aids 2000;14:2615-7.
    • (2000) Aids , vol.14 , pp. 2615-2617
    • Martínez, E.1    García-Viejo, M.A.2    Marcos, M.A.3    Pérez-Cuevas, J.B.4    Blanco, J.L.5    Mallolas, J.6
  • 81
    • 0026594284 scopus 로고
    • A controlled trial of fluconazole or amphotericin B to prevent relapse of cryptococcal meningitis in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
    • The NIAID AIDS Clinical Trials Group and Mycoses Study Group
    • Powderly WG, Saag MS, Cloud GA, Robinson P, Meyer RD, Jacobson JM, et al. A controlled trial of fluconazole or amphotericin B to prevent relapse of cryptococcal meningitis in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. The NIAID AIDS Clinical Trials Group and Mycoses Study Group. N Engl J Med 1992;326:793-8.
    • (1992) N Engl J Med , vol.326 , pp. 793-798
    • Powderly, W.G.1    Saag, M.S.2    Cloud, G.A.3    Robinson, P.4    Meyer, R.D.5    Jacobson, J.M.6
  • 82
    • 0033047485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of itraconazole versus fluconazole as maintenance therapy for AIDS-associated cryptococcal meningitis
    • National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Mycoses Study Group
    • Saag MS, Cloud GA, Graybill JR, Sobel JD, Tuazon CU, Johnson PC, et al. A comparison of itraconazole versus fluconazole as maintenance therapy for AIDS-associated cryptococcal meningitis. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Mycoses Study Group. Clin Infect Dis 1999;28:291-6.
    • (1999) Clin Infect Dis , vol.28 , pp. 291-296
    • Saag, M.S.1    Cloud, G.A.2    Graybill, J.R.3    Sobel, J.D.4    Tuazon, C.U.5    Johnson, P.C.6
  • 83
    • 0037846079 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Discontinuation of secondary prophylaxis for cryptococcal meningitis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy: A prospective, multicenter, randomized study
    • Vibhagool A, Sungkanuparph S, Mootsikapun P, Chetchotisakd P, Tansuphaswaswadikul S, Bowonwatanuwong C, et al. Discontinuation of secondary prophylaxis for cryptococcal meningitis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy: A prospective, multicenter, randomized study. Clin Infect Dis 2003;36:1329-31.
    • (2003) Clin Infect Dis , vol.36 , pp. 1329-1331
    • Vibhagool, A.1    Sungkanuparph, S.2    Mootsikapun, P.3    Chetchotisakd, P.4    Tansuphaswaswadikul, S.5    Bowonwatanuwong, C.6
  • 85
    • 0032938899 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Itraconazole prophylaxis for fungal infections in patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection: Randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study
    • National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Mycoses Study Group
    • McKinsey DS, Wheat LJ, Cloud GA, Pierce M, Black JR, Bamberger DM, et al. Itraconazole prophylaxis for fungal infections in patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection: Randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Mycoses Study Group. Clin Infect Dis 1999;28:1049-56.
    • (1999) Clin Infect Dis , vol.28 , pp. 1049-1056
    • McKinsey, D.S.1    Wheat, L.J.2    Cloud, G.A.3    Pierce, M.4    Black, J.R.5    Bamberger, D.M.6
  • 86
    • 0027467770 scopus 로고
    • Prevention of relapse of histoplasmosis with itraconazole in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
    • The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Clinical Trials and Mycoses Study Group Collaborators
    • Wheat J, Hafner R, Wulfsohn M, Spencer P, Squires K, Powderly W, et al. Prevention of relapse of histoplasmosis with itraconazole in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Clinical Trials and Mycoses Study Group Collaborators. Ann Intern Med 1993;118:610-6.
    • (1993) Ann Intern Med , vol.118 , pp. 610-616
    • Wheat, J.1    Hafner, R.2    Wulfsohn, M.3    Spencer, P.4    Squires, K.5    Powderly, W.6
  • 87
    • 0037079884 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A controlled trial of itraconazole as primary prophylaxis for systemic fungal infections in patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection in Thailand
    • Chariyalertsak S, Supparatpinyo K, Sirisanthana T, Nelson KE. A controlled trial of itraconazole as primary prophylaxis for systemic fungal infections in patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection in Thailand. Clin Infect Dis 2002;34:277-84.
    • (2002) Clin Infect Dis , vol.34 , pp. 277-284
    • Chariyalertsak, S.1    Supparatpinyo, K.2    Sirisanthana, T.3    Nelson, K.E.4
  • 88
    • 0032506554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A controlled trial of itraconazole to prevent relapse of Penicillium marneffei infection in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus
    • Supparatpinyo K, Perriens J, Nelson KE, Sirisanthana T. A controlled trial of itraconazole to prevent relapse of Penicillium marneffei infection in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. N Engl J Med 1998;339:1739-43.
    • (1998) N Engl J Med , vol.339 , pp. 1739-1743
    • Supparatpinyo, K.1    Perriens, J.2    Nelson, K.E.3    Sirisanthana, T.4
  • 89
    • 0034619472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of oral fluconazole and itraconazole for progressive, non-meningeal coccidioidomycosis. A randomized, double-blind trial
    • Mycoses Study Group
    • Galgiani JN, Catanzaro A, Cloud GA, Johnson RH, Williams PL, Mirels LF, et al. Comparison of oral fluconazole and itraconazole for progressive, non-meningeal coccidioidomycosis. A randomized, double-blind trial. Mycoses Study Group. Ann Intern Med 2000;133:676-86.
    • (2000) Ann Intern Med , vol.133 , pp. 676-686
    • Galgiani, J.N.1    Catanzaro, A.2    Cloud, G.A.3    Johnson, R.H.4    Williams, P.L.5    Mirels, L.F.6
  • 90
    • 0028779086 scopus 로고
    • Linfocitos CD4+ e infecciones oportunistas y neoplasias en pacientes con infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humans
    • Miró JM, Buira E, Mallolas J, Gallart T, Moreno A, Zamora L, et al. Linfocitos CD4+ e infecciones oportunistas y neoplasias en pacientes con infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humans. Med Clin (Barc) 1994;102:566-70.
    • (1994) Med Clin (Barc) , vol.102 , pp. 566-570
    • Miró, J.M.1    Buira, E.2    Mallolas, J.3    Gallart, T.4    Moreno, A.5    Zamora, L.6
  • 92
    • 0025100862 scopus 로고
    • The risk of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia among men infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1
    • Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Group
    • Phair J, Muñoz A, Detels R, Kaslow R, Rinaldo C, Saah A. The risk of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia among men infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Group. N Engl J Med 1990;322:161-5.
    • (1990) N Engl J Med , vol.322 , pp. 161-165
    • Phair, J.1    Muñoz, A.2    Detels, R.3    Kaslow, R.4    Rinaldo, C.5    Saah, A.6
  • 94
    • 0034636302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prophylaxis against opportunistic infections in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection
    • Kovacs JA, Masur H. Prophylaxis against opportunistic infections in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. N Engl J Med 2000;342:1416-29.
    • (2000) N Engl J Med , vol.342 , pp. 1416-1429
    • Kovacs, J.A.1    Masur, H.2
  • 95
    • 0037232716 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients in the developing world who have acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
    • Fisk DT, Meshnick S, Kazanjian PH. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients in the developing world who have acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Clin Infect Dis 2003;36:70-8.
    • (2003) Clin Infect Dis , vol.36 , pp. 70-78
    • Fisk, D.T.1    Meshnick, S.2    Kazanjian, P.H.3
  • 96
    • 0018097097 scopus 로고
    • Pneumocystis carinii infection: Evidence for high prevalence in normal and immunosuppressed children
    • Pifer LL, Hughes WT, Stagno S, Woods D. Pneumocystis carinii infection: Evidence for high prevalence in normal and immunosuppressed children. Pediatrics 1978;61:35-41.
    • (1978) Pediatrics , vol.61 , pp. 35-41
    • Pifer, L.L.1    Hughes, W.T.2    Stagno, S.3    Woods, D.4
  • 97
    • 0034049948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic variation in Pneumocystis carinii isolates from different geographic regions: Implications for transmission
    • Beard CB, Carter JL, Keely SP, Huang L, Pieniazek NJ, Moura IN, et al. Genetic variation in Pneumocystis carinii isolates from different geographic regions: Implications for transmission [In Process Citation]. Emerg Infect Dis 2000;6:265-72.
    • (2000) Emerg Infect Dis , vol.6 , pp. 265-272
    • Beard, C.B.1    Carter, J.L.2    Keely, S.P.3    Huang, L.4    Pieniazek, N.J.5    Moura, I.N.6
  • 98
    • 0037241508 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk for Pneumocystis carinii transmission among patients with pneumonia: A molecular epidemiology study
    • Manoloff ES, Francioli P, Taffe P, Van Melle G, Bille J, Hauser PM. Risk for Pneumocystis carinii transmission among patients with pneumonia: A molecular epidemiology study. Emerg Infect Dis 2003;9:132-4.
    • (2003) Emerg Infect Dis , vol.9 , pp. 132-134
    • Manoloff, E.S.1    Francioli, P.2    Taffe, P.3    Van Melle, G.4    Bille, J.5    Hauser, P.M.6
  • 99
    • 0031686771 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for primary Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in human immunodeficiency virus-infected adolescents and adults in the United States: Reassessment of indications for chemoprophylaxis
    • Kaplan JE, Hanson DL, Navin TR, Jones JL. Risk factors for primary Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in human immunodeficiency virus-infected adolescents and adults in the United States: Reassessment of indications for chemoprophylaxis. J Infect Dis 1998;178:1126-32.
    • (1998) J Infect Dis , vol.178 , pp. 1126-1132
    • Kaplan, J.E.1    Hanson, D.L.2    Navin, T.R.3    Jones, J.L.4
  • 100
    • 0027281072 scopus 로고
    • Thrice-weekly cotrimoxazole is better than weekly dapsone-pyrimethamine for the primary prevention of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in HIV-infected patients
    • Podzamczer D, Santín M, Jiménez J, Casanova A, Bolao F, Gudiol GR. Thrice-weekly cotrimoxazole is better than weekly dapsone-pyrimethamine for the primary prevention of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in HIV-infected patients. Aids 1993;7:501-6.
    • (1993) Aids , vol.7 , pp. 501-506
    • Podzamczer, D.1    Santín, M.2    Jiménez, J.3    Casanova, A.4    Bolao, F.5    Gudiol, G.R.6
  • 101
    • 0033503231 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized trial of daily and thrice-weekly trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for the prevention of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in human immunodeficiency virus-infected persons
    • Terry Beirn Community Programs for Clinical Research on AIDS (CPCRA)
    • El-Sadr WM, Luskin-Hawk R, Yurik TM, Walker J, Abrams D, John SL, et al. A randomized trial of daily and thrice-weekly trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for the prevention of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in human immunodeficiency virus-infected persons. Terry Beirn Community Programs for Clinical Research on AIDS (CPCRA). Clin Infect Dis 1999;29:775-83.
    • (1999) Clin Infect Dis , vol.29 , pp. 775-783
    • El-Sadr, W.M.1    Luskin-Hawk, R.2    Yurik, T.M.3    Walker, J.4    Abrams, D.5    John, S.L.6
  • 102
    • 0025762346 scopus 로고
    • A controlled study of inhaled pentamidine for primary prevention of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia
    • Hirschel B, Lazzarin A, Chopard P, Opravil M, Furrer HJ, Ruttimann S, et al. A controlled study of inhaled pentamidine for primary prevention of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. N Engl J Med 1991;324:1079-83.
    • (1991) N Engl J Med , vol.324 , pp. 1079-1083
    • Hirschel, B.1    Lazzarin, A.2    Chopard, P.3    Opravil, M.4    Furrer, H.J.5    Ruttimann, S.6
  • 103
    • 0027077785 scopus 로고
    • A controlled trial of aerosolized pentamidine or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole as primary prophylaxis against Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection
    • The Dutch AIDS Treatment Group
    • Schneider MM, Hoepelman AI, Eeftinck Schattenkerk JK, Nielsen TL, Van der Graaf Y, Frissen JP, et al. A controlled trial of aerosolized pentamidine or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole as primary prophylaxis against Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. The Dutch AIDS Treatment Group. N Engl J Med 1992;327:1836-41.
    • (1992) N Engl J Med , vol.327 , pp. 1836-1841
    • Schneider, M.M.1    Hoepelman, A.I.2    Eeftinck Schattenkerk, J.K.3    Nielsen, T.L.4    Van Der Graaf, Y.5    Frissen, J.P.6
  • 104
    • 0026582428 scopus 로고
    • Comparative trial of dapsone versus trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole for primary prophylaxis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia
    • Blum RN, Miller LA, Gaggini LC, Cohn DL. Comparative trial of dapsone versus trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole for primary prophylaxis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 1992;5:341-7.
    • (1992) J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr , vol.5 , pp. 341-347
    • Blum, R.N.1    Miller, L.A.2    Gaggini, L.C.3    Cohn, D.L.4
  • 105
    • 0027478163 scopus 로고
    • Primary prophylaxis for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: A randomized trial comparing cotrimoxazole, aerosolized pentamidine and dapsone plus pyrimethamine
    • Mallolas J, Zamora L, Gatell JM, Miró JM, Vernet E, Valls ME, et al. Primary prophylaxis for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: A randomized trial comparing cotrimoxazole, aerosolized pentamidine and dapsone plus pyrimethamine. Aids 1993;7:59-64.
    • (1993) Aids , vol.7 , pp. 59-64
    • Mallolas, J.1    Zamora, L.2    Gatell, J.M.3    Miró, J.M.4    Vernet, E.5    Valls, M.E.6
  • 106
    • 0027053320 scopus 로고
    • A controlled trial of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole or aerosolized pentamidine for secondary prophylaxis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
    • AIDS Clinical Trials Group Protocol 021
    • Hardy WD, Feinberg J, Finkelstein DM, Power ME, He W, Kaczka C, et al. A controlled trial of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole or aerosolized pentamidine for secondary prophylaxis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. AIDS Clinical Trials Group Protocol 021. N Engl J Med 1992;327:1842-8.
    • (1992) N Engl J Med , vol.327 , pp. 1842-1848
    • Hardy, W.D.1    Feinberg, J.2    Finkelstein, D.M.3    Power, M.E.4    He, W.5    Kaczka, C.6
  • 107
    • 0035905903 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized trial of the discontinuation of primary and secondary prophylaxis against Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia after highly active antiretroviral therapy in patients with HIV infection
    • Grupo de Estudio del SIDA 04/98
    • López Bernaldo de Quirós JC, Miró JM, Peña JM, Podzamczer D, Alberdi JC, Martinez E, et al. A randomized trial of the discontinuation of primary and secondary prophylaxis against Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia after highly active antiretroviral therapy in patients with HIV infection. Grupo de Estudio del SIDA 04/98. N Engl J Med 2001;344:159-67.
    • (2001) N Engl J Med , vol.344 , pp. 159-167
    • López Bernaldo De Quirós, J.C.1    Miró, J.M.2    Peña, J.M.3    Podzamczer, D.4    Alberdi, J.C.5    Martinez, E.6
  • 108
    • 0035902955 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A prospective study of discontinuing primary and secondary Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia prophylaxis after CD4 cell count increase to > 200 × 106/1
    • Koletar SL, Heald AE, Finkelstein D, Hafner R, Currier JS, McCutchan JA, et al. A prospective study of discontinuing primary and secondary Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia prophylaxis after CD4 cell count increase to > 200 × 106/1. Aids 2001;15:1509-15.
    • (2001) Aids , vol.15 , pp. 1509-1515
    • Koletar, S.L.1    Heald, A.E.2    Finkelstein, D.3    Hafner, R.4    Currier, J.S.5    McCutchan, J.A.6
  • 109
    • 0033614421 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Discontinuation of primary prophylaxis against Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in HIV-1-infected adults treated with combination antiretroviral therapy. Swiss HIV Cohort Study
    • Furrer H, Egger M, Opravil M, Bernasconi E, Hirschel B, Battegay M, et al. Discontinuation of primary prophylaxis against Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in HIV-1-infected adults treated with combination antiretroviral therapy. Swiss HIV Cohort Study. N Engl J Med 1999;340:1301-6.
    • (1999) N Engl J Med , vol.340 , pp. 1301-1306
    • Furrer, H.1    Egger, M.2    Opravil, M.3    Bernasconi, E.4    Hirschel, B.5    Battegay, M.6
  • 110
    • 0033606369 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Suspensión de profilaxis frente a neumonía por Pneumocystis carinii en pacientes con tratamiento antirretroviral combinado eficaz. Estudio de 85 casos
    • García Vázquez E, De Gorgolas Hernández M, García Delgado R, Fernández Guerrero ML. Suspensión de profilaxis frente a neumonía por Pneumocystis carinii en pacientes con tratamiento antirretroviral combinado eficaz. Estudio de 85 casos. Med Clin (Barc) 1999;113:89-90.
    • (1999) Med Clin (Barc) , vol.113 , pp. 89-90
    • García Vázquez, E.1    De Gorgolas Hernández, M.2    García Delgado, R.3    Fernández Guerrero, M.L.4
  • 111
    • 0034026096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Discontinuation of secondary prophylaxis for opportunistic infections in HIV-infected patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy
    • Soriano V, Dona C, Rodríguez-Rosado R, Barreiro P, González-Lahoz J. Discontinuation of secondary prophylaxis for opportunistic infections in HIV-infected patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy. Aids 2000;14:383-6.
    • (2000) Aids , vol.14 , pp. 383-386
    • Soriano, V.1    Dona, C.2    Rodríguez-Rosado, R.3    Barreiro, P.4    González-Lahoz, J.5
  • 112
    • 0035905882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Discontinuation of secondary prophylaxis against Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with HIV infection who have a response to antiretroviral therapy
    • Eight European Study Groups
    • Ledergerber B, Mocroft A, Reiss P, Furrer H, Kirk O, Bickel M, et al. Discontinuation of secondary prophylaxis against Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with HIV infection who have a response to antiretroviral therapy. Eight European Study Groups. N Engl J Med 2001;344:168-74.
    • (2001) N Engl J Med , vol.344 , pp. 168-174
    • Ledergerber, B.1    Mocroft, A.2    Reiss, P.3    Furrer, H.4    Kirk, O.5    Bickel, M.6
  • 113
    • 0037371846 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Discontinuation of secondary prophylaxis for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients: A randomized trial by the CIOP Study Group
    • Mussini C, Pezzotti P, Antinori A, Borghi V, Monforte A, Govoni A, et al. Discontinuation of secondary prophylaxis for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients: A randomized trial by the CIOP Study Group. Clin Infect Dis 2003;36:645-51.
    • (2003) Clin Infect Dis , vol.36 , pp. 645-651
    • Mussini, C.1    Pezzotti, P.2    Antinori, A.3    Borghi, V.4    Monforte, A.5    Govoni, A.6
  • 114
  • 116
    • 9044248588 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pyrimethamine for primary prophylaxis of toxoplasmic encephalitis in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection: A double-blind, randomized trial
    • ANRS 005-ACTG 154 Group Members. Agence Nationale de Recherche sur le SIDA. AIDS Clinical Trial Group
    • Leport C, Chene G, Morlat P, Luft BJ, Rousseau F, Pueyo S, et al. Pyrimethamine for primary prophylaxis of toxoplasmic encephalitis in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection: A double-blind, randomized trial. ANRS 005-ACTG 154 Group Members. Agence Nationale de Recherche sur le SIDA. AIDS Clinical Trial Group. J Infect Dis 1996;173:91-7.
    • (1996) J Infect Dis , vol.173 , pp. 91-97
    • Leport, C.1    Chene, G.2    Morlat, P.3    Luft, B.J.4    Rousseau, F.5    Pueyo, S.6
  • 117
    • 0033395753 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of high and low doses of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for primary prevention of toxoplasmic encephalitis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients
    • Ribera E, Fernández-Sola A, Juste C, Rovira A, Romero FJ, Armadans-Gil L, et al. Comparison of high and low doses of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for primary prevention of toxoplasmic encephalitis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. Clin Infect Dis 1999;29:1461-6.
    • (1999) Clin Infect Dis , vol.29 , pp. 1461-1466
    • Ribera, E.1    Fernández-Sola, A.2    Juste, C.3    Rovira, A.4    Romero, F.J.5    Armadans-Gil, L.6
  • 118
    • 10344221556 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predictive value of Toxoplasma gondii antibody titres on the occurrence of toxoplasmic encephalitis in HIV-infected patients
    • ANRS 005/ACTG 154 Trial Group
    • Derouin F, Leport C, Pueyo S, Morlat P, Letrillart B, Chene G, et al. Predictive value of Toxoplasma gondii antibody titres on the occurrence of toxoplasmic encephalitis in HIV-infected patients. ANRS 005/ACTG 154 Trial Group. Aids 1996;10:1521-7.
    • (1996) Aids , vol.10 , pp. 1521-1527
    • Derouin, F.1    Leport, C.2    Pueyo, S.3    Morlat, P.4    Letrillart, B.5    Chene, G.6
  • 119
    • 85030881808 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole versus dapsone plus pyrimethamine as primary prophylaxis of CNS toxoplasmosis and P. carinii pneumonia in HIV-infected patients
    • th ECCATHI, 1997; 1997.
    • (1997) th ECCATHI , pp. 1997
    • Miró, J.M.1    García, F.2    Cruceta, A.3
  • 120
    • 0027730713 scopus 로고
    • Randomized trial of dapsone and aerosolized pentamidine for the prophylaxis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and toxoplasmic encephalitis
    • Torres RA, Barr M, Thorn M, Gregory G, Kiely S, Chanin E, et al. Randomized trial of dapsone and aerosolized pentamidine for the prophylaxis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and toxoplasmic encephalitis. Am J Med 1993;95:573-83.
    • (1993) Am J Med , vol.95 , pp. 573-583
    • Torres, R.A.1    Barr, M.2    Thorn, M.3    Gregory, G.4    Kiely, S.5    Chanin, E.6
  • 121
    • 0026652056 scopus 로고
    • Cerebral toxoplasmosis and prophylaxis for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia
    • Clotet B, Romeu J, Sirera G. Cerebral toxoplasmosis and prophylaxis for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Ann Intern Med 1992;117:169.
    • (1992) Ann Intern Med , vol.117 , pp. 169
    • Clotet, B.1    Romeu, J.2    Sirera, G.3
  • 122
    • 0025309872 scopus 로고
    • Central nervous system toxoplasmosis in AIDS patients: Efficacy of an intermittent maintenance therapy
    • Pedrol E, González-Clemente JM, Gatell JM, Mallolas J, Miró JM, Graus F, et al. Central nervous system toxoplasmosis in AIDS patients: Efficacy of an intermittent maintenance therapy. Aids 1990;4:511-7.
    • (1990) Aids , vol.4 , pp. 511-517
    • Pedrol, E.1    González-Clemente, J.M.2    Gatell, J.M.3    Mallolas, J.4    Miró, J.M.5    Graus, F.6
  • 123
    • 19144366875 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pyrimethamine-clindamycin vs. pyrimethamine-sulfadiazine as acute and long-term therapy for toxoplasmic encephalitis in patients with AIDS
    • Katlama C, De Wit S, O'Doherty E, Van Glabeke M, Clumeck N. Pyrimethamine-clindamycin vs. pyrimethamine-sulfadiazine as acute and long-term therapy for toxoplasmic encephalitis in patients with AIDS. Clin Infect Dis 1996;22:268-75.
    • (1996) Clin Infect Dis , vol.22 , pp. 268-275
    • Katlama, C.1    De Wit, S.2    O'Doherty, E.3    Van Glabeke, M.4    Clumeck, N.5
  • 124
    • 0034052175 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thrice-weekly sulfadiazine-pyrimethamine for maintenance therapy of toxoplasmic encephalitis in HIV-infected patients
    • Spanish Toxoplasmosis Study Group
    • Podzamczer D, Miró JM, Ferrer E, Gatell JM, Ramón JM, Ribera E, et al. Thrice-weekly sulfadiazine-pyrimethamine for maintenance therapy of toxoplasmic encephalitis in HIV-infected patients. Spanish Toxoplasmosis Study Group. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2000;19:89-95.
    • (2000) Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis , vol.19 , pp. 89-95
    • Podzamczer, D.1    Miró, J.M.2    Ferrer, E.3    Gatell, J.M.4    Ramón, J.M.5    Ribera, E.6
  • 126
    • 0036569754 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized phase II trial of atovaquone with pyrimethamine or sulfadiazine for treatment of toxoplasmic encephalitis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: ACTG 237/ANRS 039 Study
    • AIDS Clinical Trials Group 237/Agence Nationale de Recherche sur le SIDA, Essai 039
    • Chirgwin K, Hafner R, Leport C, Remington J, Andersen J, Bosler EM, et al. Randomized phase II trial of atovaquone with pyrimethamine or sulfadiazine for treatment of toxoplasmic encephalitis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: ACTG 237/ANRS 039 Study. AIDS Clinical Trials Group 237/Agence Nationale de Recherche sur le SIDA, Essai 039. Clin Infect Dis 2002;34:1243-50.
    • (2002) Clin Infect Dis , vol.34 , pp. 1243-1250
    • Chirgwin, K.1    Hafner, R.2    Leport, C.3    Remington, J.4    Andersen, J.5    Bosler, E.M.6
  • 127
    • 0026779579 scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of atovaquone in treatment of toxoplasmosis in patients with AIDS
    • The NIAID-Clinical Center Intramural AIDS Program
    • Kovacs JA. Efficacy of atovaquone in treatment of toxoplasmosis in patients with AIDS. The NIAID-Clinical Center Intramural AIDS Program. Lancet 1992;340(8820):637-8.
    • (1992) Lancet , vol.340 , Issue.8820 , pp. 637-638
    • Kovacs, J.A.1
  • 128
    • 20644460142 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atovaquone for salvage treatment and suppression of toxoplasmic encephalitis in patients with AIDS
    • Atovaquone/Toxoplasmic Encephalitis Study Group
    • Torres RA, Weinberg W, Stansell J, Leoung G, Kovacs J, Rogers M, et al. Atovaquone for salvage treatment and suppression of toxoplasmic encephalitis in patients with AIDS. Atovaquone/Toxoplasmic Encephalitis Study Group. Clin Infect Dis 1997;24:422-9.
    • (1997) Clin Infect Dis , vol.24 , pp. 422-429
    • Torres, R.A.1    Weinberg, W.2    Stansell, J.3    Leoung, G.4    Kovacs, J.5    Rogers, M.6
  • 129
    • 0029814737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atovaquone as long-term suppressive therapy for toxoplasmic encephalitis in patients with AIDS and multiple drug intolerance
    • Atovaquone Expanded Access Group
    • Katlama C, Mouthon B, Gourdon D, Lapierre D, Rousseau F. Atovaquone as long-term suppressive therapy for toxoplasmic encephalitis in patients with AIDS and multiple drug intolerance. Atovaquone Expanded Access Group. Aids 1996;10:1107-12.
    • (1996) Aids , vol.10 , pp. 1107-1112
    • Katlama, C.1    Mouthon, B.2    Gourdon, D.3    Lapierre, D.4    Rousseau, F.5
  • 130
    • 0027145504 scopus 로고
    • Pyrimethamine plus azithromycin for treatment of acute toxoplasmic encephalitis in patients with AIDS
    • Saba J, Morlat P, Raffi F, Hazebroucq V, Joly V, Leport C, et al. Pyrimethamine plus azithromycin for treatment of acute toxoplasmic encephalitis in patients with AIDS. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1993;12:853-6.
    • (1993) Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis , vol.12 , pp. 853-856
    • Saba, J.1    Morlat, P.2    Raffi, F.3    Hazebroucq, V.4    Joly, V.5    Leport, C.6
  • 131
    • 0035970646 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dose-escalation, phase I/II study of azithromycin and pyrimethamine for the treatment of toxoplasmic encephalitis in AIDS
    • Jacobson JM, Hafner R, Remington J, Farthing C, Holden-Wiltse J, Bosler EM, et al. Dose-escalation, phase I/II study of azithromycin and pyrimethamine for the treatment of toxoplasmic encephalitis in AIDS. Aids 2001;15:583-9.
    • (2001) Aids , vol.15 , pp. 583-589
    • Jacobson, J.M.1    Hafner, R.2    Remington, J.3    Farthing, C.4    Holden-Wiltse, J.5    Bosler, E.M.6
  • 132
    • 0029850729 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Response to oral and intravenous azithromycin in a patient with toxoplasma encephalitis and AIDS
    • Wiselka MJ, Read R, Finch RG. Response to oral and intravenous azithromycin in a patient with toxoplasma encephalitis and AIDS. J Infect 1996;33:227-9.
    • (1996) J Infect , vol.33 , pp. 227-229
    • Wiselka, M.J.1    Read, R.2    Finch, R.G.3
  • 135
    • 84888973757 scopus 로고
    • Dapsone/pyrimethamine for the treatment of toxoplasmic encephalitis (B133-PoB 3277)
    • Amsterdam; 1992
    • Ward DJ. Dapsone/pyrimethamine for the treatment of toxoplasmic encephalitis (B133-PoB 3277). En: VIII International Conference on AIDS; 1992; Amsterdam; 1992.
    • (1992) VIII International Conference on AIDS
    • Ward, D.J.1
  • 137
    • 0028893161 scopus 로고
    • Clarithromycin-minocycline combination as salvage therapy for toxoplasmosis in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus
    • Lacassin F, Schaffo D, Perronne C, Longuet P, Leport C, Vilde JL. Clarithromycin-minocycline combination as salvage therapy for toxoplasmosis in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1995;39:276-7.
    • (1995) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.39 , pp. 276-277
    • Lacassin, F.1    Schaffo, D.2    Perronne, C.3    Longuet, P.4    Leport, C.5    Vilde, J.L.6
  • 140
    • 84888933226 scopus 로고
    • Acute respiratory distress due to Toxoplasma gondii in one AIDS patient. Recovery with an association pyrimethamine-doxycyclin
    • Amsterdam; 1992
    • Rouquet RM, Carre P, Massip P, Estival M, Leophonte P. Acute respiratory distress due to Toxoplasma gondii in one AIDS patient. Recovery with an association pyrimethamine-doxycyclin (abstract no. PuB 7486). En: VIII International Conference on AIDS; 1992; Amsterdam; 1992.
    • (1992) VIII International Conference on AIDS
    • Rouquet, R.M.1    Carre, P.2    Massip, P.3    Estival, M.4    Leophonte, P.5
  • 141
    • 0027502990 scopus 로고
    • Doxycycline and pyrimethamine for toxoplasmic encephalitis
    • Hagberg L, Palmertz B, Lindberg J. Doxycycline and pyrimethamine for toxoplasmic encephalitis. Scand J Infect Dis 1993;25:157-60.
    • (1993) Scand J Infect Dis , vol.25 , pp. 157-160
    • Hagberg, L.1    Palmertz, B.2    Lindberg, J.3
  • 142
    • 0026650401 scopus 로고
    • Effective treatment of cerebral toxoplasmosis with doxycycline
    • Morris JT, Kelly JW. Effective treatment of cerebral toxoplasmosis with doxycycline. Am J Med 1992;93:107-8.
    • (1992) Am J Med , vol.93 , pp. 107-108
    • Morris, J.T.1    Kelly, J.W.2
  • 143
    • 0032794286 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A prospective randomized trial of four three-drug regimens in the treatment of disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex disease in AIDS patients: Excess mortality associated with high-dose clarithromycin
    • Terry Beirn Community Programs for Clinical Research on AIDS
    • Cohn DL, Fisher EJ, Peng GT, Hodges JS, Chesnut J, Child CC, et al. A prospective randomized trial of four three-drug regimens in the treatment of disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex disease in AIDS patients: Excess mortality associated with high-dose clarithromycin. Terry Beirn Community Programs for Clinical Research on AIDS. Clin Infect Dis 1999;29:125-33.
    • (1999) Clin Infect Dis , vol.29 , pp. 125-133
    • Cohn, D.L.1    Fisher, E.J.2    Peng, G.T.3    Hodges, J.S.4    Chesnut, J.5    Child, C.C.6
  • 145
    • 0033919998 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interruption of prophylaxis for major opportunistic infections in HIV-infected patients receiving triple combination antiretroviral therapy
    • Jubault V, Pacanowski J, Rabian C, Viard JP. Interruption of prophylaxis for major opportunistic infections in HIV-infected patients receiving triple combination antiretroviral therapy. Ann Med Interne (Paris) 2000;151:163-8.
    • (2000) Ann Med Interne (Paris) , vol.151 , pp. 163-168
    • Jubault, V.1    Pacanowski, J.2    Rabian, C.3    Viard, J.P.4
  • 146
    • 0034709676 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stopping primary prophylaxis in HIV-1-infected patients at high risk of toxoplasma encephalitis. Swiss HIV Cohort Study
    • Furrer H, Opravil M, Bernasconi E, Telenti A, Egger M. Stopping primary prophylaxis in HIV-1-infected patients at high risk of toxoplasma encephalitis. Swiss HIV Cohort Study. Lancet 2000;355(9222):2217-8.
    • (2000) Lancet , vol.355 , Issue.9222 , pp. 2217-2218
    • Furrer, H.1    Opravil, M.2    Bernasconi, E.3    Telenti, A.4    Egger, M.5
  • 147
    • 0008865073 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Discontinuation of primary prophylaxis for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and toxoplasmic encephalitis in human immunodeficiency virus type I-infected patients: The changes in opportunistic prophylaxis study
    • Mussini C, Pezzotti P, Govoni A, Borghi V, Antinori A, d'Arminio Monforte A, et al. Discontinuation of primary prophylaxis for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and toxoplasmic encephalitis in human immunodeficiency virus type I-infected patients: The changes in opportunistic prophylaxis study. J Infect Dis 2000;181:1635-42.
    • (2000) J Infect Dis , vol.181 , pp. 1635-1642
    • Mussini, C.1    Pezzotti, P.2    Govoni, A.3    Borghi, V.4    Antinori, A.5    D'Arminio Monforte, A.6
  • 148
    • 0034074148 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Discontinuation of secondary prophylaxis for toxoplasmic encephalitis in human immunodeficiency virus infection after immune restoration with highly active antiretroviral therapy
    • Guex AC, Radziwill AJ, Bucher HC. Discontinuation of secondary prophylaxis for toxoplasmic encephalitis in human immunodeficiency virus infection after immune restoration with highly active antiretroviral therapy. Clin Infect Dis 2000;30:602-3.
    • (2000) Clin Infect Dis , vol.30 , pp. 602-603
    • Guex, A.C.1    Radziwill, A.J.2    Bucher, H.C.3
  • 149
    • 0033386086 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can chemoprophylaxis against opportunistic infections be discontinued after an increase in CD4 cells induced by highly active antiretroviral therapy?
    • Kirk O, Lundgren JD, Pedersen C, Nielsen H, Gerstoft J. Can chemoprophylaxis against opportunistic infections be discontinued after an increase in CD4 cells induced by highly active antiretroviral therapy? Aids 1999;13:1647-51.
    • (1999) Aids , vol.13 , pp. 1647-1651
    • Kirk, O.1    Lundgren, J.D.2    Pedersen, C.3    Nielsen, H.4    Gerstoft, J.5
  • 150
    • 0036498968 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Discontinuation of secondary prophylaxis against disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex infection and toxoplasmic encephalitis
    • Zeller V, Truffot C, Agher R, Bossi P, Tubiana R, Caumes E, et al. Discontinuation of secondary prophylaxis against disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex infection and toxoplasmic encephalitis. Clin Infect Dis 2002;34:662-7.
    • (2002) Clin Infect Dis , vol.34 , pp. 662-667
    • Zeller, V.1    Truffot, C.2    Agher, R.3    Bossi, P.4    Tubiana, R.5    Caumes, E.6
  • 151
    • 84888981543 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Discontinuation of toxoplasmic encephalitis (TE) maintenance therapy (MT) is safe in HIV-1 infected patients after immunological reconstitution with HAART. Long term follow-up of patients included in the GESIDA 04/98-B study
    • Barcelona; 2002
    • Miró JM, López JC, Podzamczer D, Peña JM, Alberdi JC, Claramonte X. Discontinuation of toxoplasmic encephalitis (TE) maintenance therapy (MT) is safe in HIV-1 infected patients after immunological reconstitution with HAART. Long term follow-up of patients included in the GESIDA 04/98-B study (Abstract MoOrB1007). En: XIV International AIDS Conference; 2002; Barcelona; 2002.
    • (2002) XIV International AIDS Conference
    • Miró, J.M.1    López, J.C.2    Podzamczer, D.3    Peña, J.M.4    Alberdi, J.C.5    Claramonte, X.6
  • 152
    • 0036640562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) modifies the incidence and outcome of visceral leishmaniasis in HIV-infected patients
    • Tortajada C, Pérez-Cuevas B, Moreno A, Martínez E, Mallolas J, García F, et al. Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) modifies the incidence and outcome of visceral leishmaniasis in HIV-infected patients. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2002;30:364-6.
    • (2002) J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr , vol.30 , pp. 364-366
    • Tortajada, C.1    Pérez-Cuevas, B.2    Moreno, A.3    Martínez, E.4    Mallolas, J.5    García, F.6
  • 153
    • 0035410956 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decline of a visceral leishmaniasis epidemic in HIV-infected patients after the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)
    • López-Velez R, Casado JL, Pintado V. Decline of a visceral leishmaniasis epidemic in HIV-infected patients after the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Clin Microbiol Infect 2001;7:394-5.
    • (2001) Clin Microbiol Infect , vol.7 , pp. 394-395
    • López-Velez, R.1    Casado, J.L.2    Pintado, V.3
  • 157
    • 0030001468 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prophylaxis of visceral leishmaniasis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients
    • Ribera E, Ocana I, De Otero J, Cortés E, Gasser I, Pahissa A. Prophylaxis of visceral leishmaniasis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. Am J Med 1996;100:496-501.
    • (1996) Am J Med , vol.100 , pp. 496-501
    • Ribera, E.1    Ocana, I.2    De Otero, J.3    Cortés, E.4    Gasser, I.5    Pahissa, A.6
  • 158
    • 84920145813 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amphotericin B lipid complex versus no-treatment in the secondary prophylaxis of visceral leishmaniasis in HIV-infected patients
    • En prensa
    • López-Vélez R, Videla S, Márquez M, Boix V, Jiménez-Mejias ME, Gérgolas M. Amphotericin B lipid complex versus no-treatment in the secondary prophylaxis of visceral leishmaniasis in HIV-infected patients. J Antimicrob. Chemother 2003. En prensa.
    • (2003) J Antimicrob Chemother
    • López-Vélez, R.1    Videla, S.2    Márquez, M.3    Boix, V.4    Jiménez-Mejias, M.E.5    Gérgolas, M.6
  • 160
    • 0034524617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Discontinuation of secondary anti-leishmania prophylaxis in HIV-infected patients who have responded to highly active antiretroviral therapy
    • Berenguer J, Cosin J, Miralles P, López JC, Padilla B. Discontinuation of secondary anti-leishmania prophylaxis in HIV-infected patients who have responded to highly active antiretroviral therapy. Aids 2000;14:2946-8.
    • (2000) Aids , vol.14 , pp. 2946-2948
    • Berenguer, J.1    Cosin, J.2    Miralles, P.3    López, J.C.4    Padilla, B.5
  • 161
    • 0022370785 scopus 로고
    • The species of Cryptosporidium (Apicomplexa: Cryptosporidiidae) infecting mammals
    • Upton SJ, Current WL. The species of Cryptosporidium (Apicomplexa: Cryptosporidiidae) infecting mammals. J Parasitol 1985;71:625-9.
    • (1985) J Parasitol , vol.71 , pp. 625-629
    • Upton, S.J.1    Current, W.L.2
  • 162
    • 0026591882 scopus 로고
    • Cryptosporidiosis in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus
    • Petersen C. Cryptosporidiosis in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. Clin Infect Dis 1992;15:903-9.
    • (1992) Clin Infect Dis , vol.15 , pp. 903-909
    • Petersen, C.1
  • 164
    • 0032481335 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Possible effectiveness of clarithromycin and rifabutin for cryptosporidiosis chemoprophylaxis in HIV disease
    • HIV Outpatient Study (HOPS) Investigators
    • Holmberg SD, Moorman AC, Von Bargen JC, Palella FJ, Loveless MO, Ward DJ, et al. Possible effectiveness of clarithromycin and rifabutin for cryptosporidiosis chemoprophylaxis in HIV disease. HIV Outpatient Study (HOPS) Investigators. JAMA 1998;279:384-6.
    • (1998) JAMA , vol.279 , pp. 384-386
    • Holmberg, S.D.1    Moorman, A.C.2    Von Bargen, J.C.3    Palella, F.J.4    Loveless, M.O.5    Ward, D.J.6
  • 165
    • 0034518412 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rifabutin but not darithromycin prevents cryptosporidiosis in persons with advanced HIV infection
    • Fichtenbaum CJ, Zackin R, Feinberg J, Benson C, Griffiths JK. Rifabutin but not darithromycin prevents cryptosporidiosis in persons with advanced HIV infection. Aids 2000;14:2889-93.
    • (2000) Aids , vol.14 , pp. 2889-2893
    • Fichtenbaum, C.J.1    Zackin, R.2    Feinberg, J.3    Benson, C.4    Griffiths, J.K.5
  • 166
    • 0025396689 scopus 로고
    • Enterocytozoon bieneusi (Microspora): Prevalence and pathogenicity in AIDS patients
    • Canning EU, Hollister WS. Enterocytozoon bieneusi (Microspora): Prevalence and pathogenicity in AIDS patients. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1990;84:181-6.
    • (1990) Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg , vol.84 , pp. 181-186
    • Canning, E.U.1    Hollister, W.S.2
  • 169
    • 2542619219 scopus 로고
    • Incidencia de enteropatógenos en pacientes con infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana
    • Moreno A, Gatell JM, Mensa J, Valls ME, Vila J, Claramonte X, et al. Incidencia de enteropatógenos en pacientes con infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana. Med Clin (Barc) 1994;102:205-8.
    • (1994) Med Clin (Barc) , vol.102 , pp. 205-208
    • Moreno, A.1    Gatell, J.M.2    Mensa, J.3    Valls, M.E.4    Vila, J.5    Claramonte, X.6


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.