Overview of genotypic and clinical profiles of human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected children in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias

Volumn 76, Issue 4, 2004, Pages 727-741

  Machado, Elizabeth S ^a,b   Lambert, John S ^c   Afonso, Adriana O ^b   Cunha, Silvia M ^a   Oliveira, Ricardo H ^a   Tanuri, Amilcar ^b   Sill, Anne M ^c   Soares, Marcelo A ^b  

^a FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF RIO DE JANEIRO   (Brazil)

^b Lab de Virologia Molecular   (Brazil)

^c UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND   (United States)

Author keywords

Clinical; Drug resistance; Genotyping; HIV 1; Pediatric; Subtype

Indexed keywords

HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS 1;

EID: 10944274079     PISSN: 00013765     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1590/s0001-37652004000400008     Document Type: Review

References (60)

1. BERGSHOEFF AS, FRAAIJ PL, VAN ROSSUM AM, WOLFS TF, GEELEN SP, DE GROOT R AND BURGER DM. 2003. Pharmacokinetics of nelfinavir in children: influencing factors and dose implications. Antivir Ther 8: 215-222.
2. BONGERTZ V, BOU-HABIB DC, BRIGIDO LF, CASEIRO M, CHEQUER PJ, COUTO-FERNANDEZ JC, FERREIRA PC, GALVAO-CASTRO B, GRECO D, GUIMARAES ML, LINHARES DE CARVALHO MI, MORGADO MG, OLIVEIRA CA, OSMANOV S, RAMOS CA, ROSSINI M, SABINO E, TANURI A AND UEDA M. 2000. HIV-1 diversity in Brazil: genetic, biologic, and immunologic characterization of HIV-1 strains in three potential HIV vaccine evaluation sites. Brazilian Network for HIV Isolation and Characterization. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 23: 184-193.
3. BRINDEIRO RM, DIAZ RS, SABINO EC, MORGADO MG, PIRES IL, BRIGIDO L, DANTAS MC, BARREIRA D, TEIXEIRA PR, TANURI A AND BRAZILIAN NETWORK FOR DRUG RESISTANCE SURVEILLANCE. 2003. Brazilian Network for HIV Drug Resistance Surveillance (HIV-BResNet): a survey of chronically infected individuals. AIDS 17: 1063-1069.
4. CHAN KC, GALLI RA, MONTANER JS AND HARRIGAN PR. 2003. Prolonged retention of drug resistance mutations and rapid disease progression in the absence of therapy after primary HIV infection. AIDS 17: 1256-1258.
5. CHIAPPINI E, GALLI L, ZAZZI M AND DE MARTINO M. 2003. Immunological recovery despite virological failure is independent of human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 resistant mutants in children receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy. J Med Virol 70: 506-512.
6. CORNELISSEN M, KAMPINGA G, ZORGDRAGER F AND GOUDSMIT J. 1996. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtypes defined by env show high frequency of recombinant gag genes. The UNAIDS Network for HIV Isolation and Characterization. J Virol 70: 8209-8212.
7. COUTO-FERNANDEZ JC, MORGADO MG, BONGERTZ V, TANURI A, ANDRADE T, BRITES C AND GALVAO-CASTRO B. 1999. HIV-1 subtyping in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil: a city with African sociodemographic characteristics. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 22: 288-293.
8. D'AQUILA RT, SCHAPIRO JM, BRUN-VEZINET F, CLOTET B, CONWAY B, DEMETER LM, GRANT RM, JOHNSON VA, KURITZKES DR, LOVEDAY C, SHAFER RW AND RICHMAN DD. 2003. Drug resistant mutation in HIV. Top HIV Med 11: 92-96.
9. DESCAMPS D, COLLIN G, LETOURNEUR F, APETREI C, DAMOND F, LOUSSERT-AJAKA I, SIMON F, SARAGOSTI S AND BRUN-VEZINET F. 1997. Susceptibility of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group O isolates to antiretroviral agents: in vitro phenotypic and genotypic analyses. J Virol 71: 8893-8898.
10. DIONISIO D, VIVARELLI A, ZAZZI M, ESPERTI F, UBERTI M AND POLIDORI M. 2001. Extent of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 drug resistance as a predictor of virological failure after genotype-guided treatment switch. Clin Infect Dis 33: 706-709.
11. DUMANS AT, SOARES MA, PIENIAZEK D, KALISH ML, DE VROEY V, HERTOGS K AND TANURI A. 2002. Prevalence of protease and reverse transcriptase drug resistance mutations over time in drug-naive human immunodeficiency virus type 1-positive individuals in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 46: 3075-3079.
12. DUMANS AT, SOARES MA, MACHADO ES, HUÉ S, BRINDEIRO RM, PILLAY D AND TANURI A. 2004. Synonymous genetic polymorphisms within Brazilian HIV-1 subtypes may influence mutational routes to drug resistance. J Infec Dis 189: 1232-1238.
13. ESHLEMAN SH, KROGSTAD P, JACKSON JB, WANG YG, LEE S, WEI LJ, CUNNINGHAM S, WANTMAN M, WIZNIA A, JOHNSON G, NACHMAN S AND PALUMBO P. 2001. Analysis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 drug resistance in children receiving nucleoside analogue reverse-transcriptase inhibitors plus nevirapine, nelfinavir, or ritonavir (Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group 377). J Infect Dis 183: 1732-1738.
14. ESHLEMAN SH, GUAY LA, MWATHA A, BROWN ER, CUNNINGHAM SP, MUSOKE P, MMIRO F AND JACKSON JB. 2004. Characterization of nevirapine resistance mutations in women with subtype A vs. D HIV-1 6-8 weeks after single-dose nevirapine (HIVNET 012). J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 35: 126-130.
15. FLOREN LC, WIZNIA A, HAYASHI S, JAYEWARDENE A, STANLEY K, JOHNSON G, NACHMAN S, KROGSTAD P, AWEEKA FT AND PEDIATRIC AIDS CLINICAL TRIALS GROUP 377 PROTOCOL TEAM. 2003. Nelfinavir pharmacokinetics in stable human immunodeficiency virus-positive children: Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group Protocol 377. Pediatrics 112: 220-227.
16. GADELHA AJ, ACCACIO N, COSTA RL, GALHARDO MC, COTRIM MR, DE SOUZA RV, MORGADO M, MARZOCHI K, LOURENCO MC AND ROLLA VC. 2002. Morbidity and survival in advanced AIDS in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 44: 179-186.
17. GONZALEZ LM, BRINDEIRO RM, TARIN M, CALAZANS A, SOARES MA, CASSOL S AND TANURI A. 2003. In vitro hypersusceptibility of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtype C protease to lopinavir. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 47: 2817-2822.
18. GRULICH AE, LI Y, MCDONALD AM, CORRELL PK, LAW MG AND KALDOR JM. 2001. Decreasing rates of Kaposi's sarcoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in the era of potent combination anti-retroviral therapy. AIDS 15: 629-633.
19. HAUBRICH RH, KEMPER CA, HELLMANN NS, KEISER PH, WITT MD, FORTHAL DN, LEEDOM J, LEIBOWITZ M, WHITCOMB JM, RICHMAN D, MCCUTCHAN JA AND CALIFORNIA COLLABORATIVE TREATMENT GROUP. 2002. The clinical relevance of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor hypersusceptibility: a prospective cohort analysis. AIDS 16: F33-F40.
20. HIRSCH MS, BRUN-VEZINET F, CLOTET B, CONWAY B, KURITZKES DR, D'AQUILA RT, DEMETER LM, HAMMER SM, JOHNSON VA, LOVEDAY C, MELLORS JW, JACOBSEN DM AND RICHMAN DD. 2003. Antiretroviral drug resistance testing in adults infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1: 2003 recommendations of an International AIDS Society-USA Panel. Clin Infect Dis 37: 113-128.
21. IMRIE A, CARR A, DUNCOMBE C, FINLAYSON R, VIZZARD J, LAW M, KALDOR J, PENNY R AND COOPER DA. 1996. Primary infection with zidovudine-resistant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 does not adversely affect outcome at 1 year. Sydney Primary HIV Infection Study Group. J Infect Dis 174: 195-198.
22. IVES NJ, GAZZARD BG AND EASTERBROOK PJ. 2001. The changing pattern of AIDS-defining illnesses with the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in a London clinic. J Infect 42: 134-139.
23. JANKELEVICH S, MUELLER BU, MACKALL CL, SMITH S, ZWERSKI S, WOOD LV, ZEICHNER SL, SERCHUCK L, STEINBERG SM, NELSON RP, SLEASMAN JW, NGUYEN B, PIZZO PA AND YARCHOAN R. 2001. Long-term virologic and immunologic responses in Human Immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected children treated with indinavir, zidovudine and lamivudine. J Infect Dis 183: 1116-1120.
24. KALEEBU P, FRENCH N, MAHE C, YIRRELL D, WATERA C, LYAGOBA F, NAKIYINGI J, RUTEBEMBERWA A, MORGAN D, WEBER J, GILKS C AND WHITWORTH J. 2002. Effect of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 envelope subtypes A and D on disease progression in a large cohort of HIV-1-positive persons in Uganda. J Infect Dis 185: 1244-1250.
25. KANTOR R AND KATZENSTEIN D. 2004. Drug resistance in non-subtype B HIV-1. J Clin Virol 29: 152-159.
26. KAPLAN JE, MASUR H AND HOLMES KK. 2002. Discontinuing prophylaxis against recurrent opportunistic infections in HIV-infected persons: a victory in the era of HAART. Ann Intern Med 137: 285-287.
27. KEMPF DJ, ISAACSON JD, KING MS, BRUN SC, XU Y, REAL K, BERNSTEIN BM, JAPOUR AJ, SUN E AND RODE RA. 2001. Identification of genotypic changes in human immunodeficiency virus protease that correlate with reduced susceptibility to the protease inhibitor lopinavir among viral isolates from protease inhibitor-experienced patients. J Virol 75: 7462-7469.
28. KUMAR S, TAMURA K, JAKOBSEN IB AND NEI M. 2001. MEGA2: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis software. Bioinformatics 17: 1244-1245.
29. LASSO M, PEREZ J, NORIEGA L, MALEBRAN A AND ESPINOZA S. 2003. Kaposi sarcoma in HIV patients: Response to antiretroviral treatment and chemotherapy. Rev Med Chil 131: 483-490.
30. LOUIE JK, HSU LC, OSMOND DH, KATZ MH AND SCHWARCZ SK. 2002. Trends in causes of death among persons with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy, San Francisco, 1994-1998. J Infect Dis 186: 1023-1027.
31. MACHADO ES, LAMBERT JS, WATSON DC, AFONSO AO, CUNHA SM, NOGUEIRA SA, CARIDE E, OLIVEIRA RH, SILL AM, DEVICO A AND TANURI A. 2004. Genotypic Resistance and HTV-1 subtype in Brazilian children on dual and triple combination therapy. J Clin Virol 30: 24-31.
32. MARGOT NA, ISAACSON E, MCGOWAN I, CHENG A AND MILLER MD. 2003. Extended treatment with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in treatment-experienced HTV-1 -infected patients: genotypic, phenotypic, and rebound analyses. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 33: 15-21.
33. MAXEINER HG, KEULEN W, SCHUURMAN R, BIJEN M, DE GRAAF L, VAN WIJK A, BACK N, KLINE MW, BOUCHER CA AND NIJHUIS M. 2002. Selection of zidovudine resistance mutations and escape of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 from antiretroviral pressure in stavudine-treated pediatric patients. J Infect Dis 185: 1070-1076.
34. MOCROFT A, RUIZ L, REISS P, LEDERGERBER B, KATLAMA C, LAZZARIN A, GOEBEL FD, PHILLIPS AN, CLOTET B, LUNDGREN JD AND EUROSIDA STUDY GROUP. 2003. Virological rebound after suppression on highly active antiretroviral therapy. AIDS 17: 1741-1751.
35. MOUROUX M, DESCAMPS D, IZOPET J, YVON A, DELAUGERRE C, MATHERON S, COUTELLIER A, VALANTIN MA, BONMARCHAND M, AGUT H, MASSIP P, COSTAGLIOLA D, KATLAMA C, BRUN-VIEZINET F AND CALVEZ V. 2001. Low-rate emergence of thymidine analogue mutations and multi-drug resistance mutations in the HIV-1 reverse transcriptase gene in therapy-naive patients receiving stavudine plus lamivudine combination therapy. Antivir Ther 6: 179-183.
36. MULLEN J, LEECH S, O'SHEA S, CHRYSTIE IL, DU MONT G, BALL C, SHARLAND M, COTTAM F, ZUCKERMAN M, RICE P AND EASTERBROOK P. 2002. Antiretroviral drug resistance among HIV-1 infected children failing treatment. J Med Virol 68: 299-304.
37. NADAL D, STEINER F, CHESEAUX JJ, LAZAREVITCH CA, AEBI C, KIND C AND RUDIN C. 2000. Long-term responses to treatment including ritonavir or nelfinavir in HIV-1 -infected children. Pediatric AIDS Group of Switzerland. Infection 28: 287-296.
38. NUESCH R, GEIGY N, SCHAEDLER E AND BATTEGAY M. 2002. Effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy on hospitalization characteristics of HIV-infected patients. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 21: 684-687.
39. PALELLA JR FJ, CHMIEL JS, MOORMAN AC, HOLMBERG SD AND HIV OUTPATIENT STUDY INVESTIGATORS. 2002. Durability and predictors of success of highly active antiretroviral therapy for ambulatory HIV-infected patients. AIDS 16: 1617-1626.
40. PAOLUCCI S, BALDANTI F, MASERATI R, CASTELLI F, SUTER F, MAGGIOLO F, PAN A AND GERNA G. 2000. Quantification of the impact of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase and protease mutations on the efficacy of rescue HAART. Antiviral Res 45: 101-114.
41. PHILLIPS AN, STASZEWSKI S, LAMPE F, YOULE MS, KLAUKE S, BICKEL M, SABIN CA, DOERR HW, JOHNSON MA, LOVEDAY C, MILLER V, ROYAL FREE CENTRE FOR HIV MEDICINE AND GOETHE UNIVERSITAT CLINIC COHORT. 2002. Human immunodeficiency virus rebound after suppression to < 400 copies/mL during initial highly active antiretroviral therapy regimens, according to prior nucleoside experience and duration of suppression. J Infect Dis 186: 1086-1091.
42. PILLAY D, WALKER AS, GIBB DM, DE ROSSI A, KAYE S, AIT-KHALED M, MUNOZ-FERNANDEZ M AND BABIKER A. 2002. Impact of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtypes on virologic response and emergence of drug resistance among children in the Paediatric European Network for Treatment of AIDS (PENTA) 5 trial. J Infect Dis 186: 617-625.
43. PIRES IL, SOARES MA, SPERANZA FA, ISHII SK, VIEIRA MC, GOUVEA MI, GUIMARAES MA, DE OLIVEIRA FE, MAGNANINI MM, BRINDEIRO RM AND TANURI A. 2004. Prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus drug resistance mutations and subtypes in drug-naive, infected individuals in the army health service of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. J Clin Microbiol 42: 426-430.
44. PUCHHAMMER-STÖCKL E, STEININGER C, GERINGER E AND HEINZ FX. 2002. Comparison of virtual phenotype and HIV-SEQ program (Stanford) interpretation for predicting drug resistance of HIV strains. HIV Med 3: 200-206.
45. RESINO S, BELLON JM, GURBINDO D, RAMOS JT, LEON JA, MELLADO MJ AND MUNOZ-FERNANDEZ MA. 2003. Viral Load and CD4+ T lymphocyte response to highly active antiretroviral therapy in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected children: an observational study. Clin Infec Dis 37: 1216-1225.
46. ROUSSEAU MM, VERGNE L, MONTES B, PEETERS M, REYNES J, DELAPORTE E AND SEGONDY M. 2001. Patterns of resistance mutations to antiretroviral drugs in extensively treated HIV-1-infected patients with failure of highly active antiretroviral therapy. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 26: 36-43.
47. SALOMON H, MONTANER JS, BELMONTE A AND WAINBERG MA. 1998. Diminished HIV-1 sensitivity to stavudine in patients on prolonged therapy occurs only at low levels and cannot be attributed to any single amino acid substitution in reverse transcriptase. Antivir Ther 3: 177-182.
48. SARMATI L, NICASTRI E, MONTANO M, DORI L, BUONOMINI AR, D'ETTORRE G, GATTI F, PARISI SG, VULLO V AND ANDREONI M. 2004. Decrease of replicative capacity of HIV isolates after genotypic guided change of therapy. J Med Virol 72: 511-516.
49. SELIK RM AND LINDEGREN ML. 2003. Changes in deaths reported with human immunodeficiency virus infections among United States children less than thirteen years old, 1987 through 1999. Pediatr Infect Dis J 22: 635-641.
50. SHEARER WT, QUINN TC, LARUSSA P, LEW JF, MOFENSON L, ALMY S, RICH K, HANDELSMAN E, DIAZ C, PAGANO M, SMERIGLIO V AND KALISH LA. 1997. Viral load and disease progression in infants infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Women and Infants Transmission Study Group. N Engl J Med 336: 1337-1342.
51. SIMON V, PADTE N, MURRAY D, VANDERHOEVEN J, WRIN T, PARKIN N, DI MASCIO M AND MARKOWITZ M. 2003. Infectivity and replication capacity of drug-resistant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 variants isolated during primary infection. J Virol 77: 7736-7745.
52. SOARES EA, SANTOS RP, PELLEGRINI JA, SPRINZ E, TANURI A AND SOARES MA. 2003a. Epidemiologic and molecular characterization of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in southern Brazil. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 34: 520-526.
53. SOARES MA, DE OLIVEIRA T, BRINDEIRO RM, DIAZ RS, SABINO EC, BRIGIDO L, PIRES IL, MORGADO MG, DANTAS MC, BARREIRA D, TEIXEIRA PR, CASSOL S, TANURI A AND BRAZILIAN NETWORK FOR DRUG RESISTANCE SURVEILLANCE. 2003b. A specific subtype C of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 circulates in Brazil. AIDS 17: 11-21.
54. THOMPSON JD, HIGGINS DG AND GIBSON TJ. 1994. Clustal W: improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice. Nucleic Acids Res 22: 4673-4680.
55. TORTI C, MORETTI F, UCCELLI MC, TIRELLI V, QUIROS-ROLDAN E, GARGIULO F AND CAROSI G. 2003. Persistence of HIV-1 drug resistance mutations and emergence during antiretroviral treatment interruption: considerations from a clinical case. Med Sci Monit 9: CS16-CS19.
56. TOVO PA, DE MARTINO M, GABIANO C, CAPPELLO N, D'ELIA R, LOY A, PLEBANI A, ZUCCOTTI GV, DAL-LACASA P, FERRARIS G ET AL. 1992. Prognostic factors and survival in children with perinatal HIV-1 infection. The Italian Register for HIV Infections in Children. Lancet 339: 1249-1253.
57. VAN SIGHEM AI, VAN DE WIEL MA, GHANI AC, JAMBROES M, REISS P, GYSSENS IC, BRINKMAN K, LANGE JM, DE WOLF F AND ATHENA COHORT STUDY GROUP. 2003. Mortality and progression to AIDS after starting highly active antiretroviral therapy. AIDS 17: 2227-2236.
58. VIDAL C, ARNEDO M, GARCIA F, MESTRE G, PLANA M, CRUCETA A, CAPON A, GALLART T, MIRO JM, PUMAROLA T AND GATELL JM. 2002. Genotypic and phenotypic resistance patterns in early-stage HIV-1-infected patients failing initial therapy with stavudine, didanosine and nevirapine. Antivir Ther 7: 283-287.
59. WENSING AM AND BOUCHER CA. 2003. Worldwide transmission of drug-resistant HIV. AIDS Rev 5: 140-155.
60. WHITCOMB JM, PARKIN NT, CHAPPEY C, HELLMANN NS AND PETROPOULOS CJ. 2003. Broad nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor cross-resistance in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 clinical isolates. J Infect Dis 188: 992-1000.