Immunological recovery despite virological failure is independent of human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 resistant mutants in children receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy

Journal of Medical Virology

Volumn 70, Issue 4, 2003, Pages 506-512

  Chiappini, Elena ^a   Galli, Luisa ^a   Zazzi, Maurizio ^b   De Martino, Maurizio ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF FLORENCE   (Italy)

^b UNIVERSITY OF SIENA   (Italy)

Author keywords

Children; HAART; HIV 1 drug resistance

Indexed keywords

ABACAVIR; CD3 ANTIGEN; CD4 ANTIGEN; DIDANOSINE; GENE PRODUCT; LAMIVUDINE; LOPINAVIR; NEVIRAPINE; PROTEINASE INHIBITOR; RITONAVIR; RNA DIRECTED DNA POLYMERASE; RNA DIRECTED DNA POLYMERASE INHIBITOR; STAVUDINE; ZALCITABINE; ZIDOVUDINE;

ADOLESCENT; ARTICLE; CHILD; CHILDHOOD DISEASE; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; CORRELATION ANALYSIS; FEMALE; GENOTYPE; HIGHLY ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS 1; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; IMMUNOREACTIVITY; MALE; PHENOTYPE; T LYMPHOCYTE; TIME SERIES ANALYSIS; TREATMENT FAILURE; VIRUS LOAD; VIRUS MUTANT; VIRUS MUTATION; VIRUS RESISTANCE;

ADOLESCENT; ANTI-HIV AGENTS; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY, HIGHLY ACTIVE; CD4 LYMPHOCYTE COUNT; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; DRUG RESISTANCE, VIRAL; DRUG THERAPY, COMBINATION; FEMALE; HIV INFECTIONS; HIV PROTEASE; HIV-1; HIV-1 REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE; HUMANS; INFANT; MALE; MUTATION; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITORS; VIRAL LOAD;

HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS 1;

EID: 0038384449     PISSN: 01466615     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/jmv.10424     Document Type: Article

References (21)

1. Antinori A, Liuzzi G, Cingolani A, Bertoli A, Di Giambenedetto S, Trotta MP, Rizzo MG, Girardi E, De Luca A, Perno CF. 2001. Drug-resistant mutants of HIV-1 in patients exhibiting increasing CD4 cell count despite virologicalal failure of highly active antiretroviral therapy. AIDS 15:2325-2327.
2. Barriero P, Soriano V, Casas E, Gonzalez-Lahoz J. 2002. Different degree of immune recovery using antiretroviral regimens with protease inhibitors or non-nucleosides. AIDS 16:245-249.
3. + T cell counts despite virological failure of protease inhibitor-containing antiretroviral combination therapy. J Infect Dis 181:1808-1812.
4. de Martino M, Tovo PA, Giaquinto C, de Rossi A, Galli L, Gabiano C. 1999. Italian guidelines for antiretroviral therapy in children with human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 infection. Acta Paediatr 88:228-232.
5. de Martino M, Tovo P-A, Balducci M, Galli L, Gabiano C, Rezza G, Pezzotti P. 2000. Reduction in mortality with availability of antiretroviral therapy for children with perinatal HIV-1 infection. JAMA 284:190-197.
6. + T lymphocytes recover in HIV-1 perinatally infected children. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 26:196-197.
7. + T cell response after virological failure of protease inhibitor-based regimens in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. J Infect Dis 181:946-953.
8. + T cell kinetics and activation in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients who remain viremic despite long-term treatment with protease inhibitor-based therapy. J Infect Dis 185:315-323.
9. Devereux HL, Burke A, Lee CA, Johnson MA. 2002. In vivo HIV-1 compartmentalisation: drug resistance-associated mutation distribution. J Med Virol 66:8-12.
10. Duwe S, Brunn M, Altmann D, Hamouda O, Schmidt B, Walter H, Pauli G, Kucherer C. 2001. Frequency of genotypic and phenotypic drug-resistant HIV-1 among therapy-naive patients of the German Seroconverter Study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 26: 266-273.
11. EuroGuidelines Group for HIV Resistance. 2001. Clinical and laboratory guidelines for the use of HIV-1 drug resistance testing as part of treatment management: recommendations for the European setting. AIDS 15:309-320.
12. Fitzgibbon JE, Gaur S, Walsman SM, Janahi M, Whitley-Williams P, John JF Jr. 2001a. Emergence of drug resistance mutations in a group of HIV-infected children taking nelfinavir-containing regimens. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 17:1321-1328.
13. Kaufmann GR, Bloch M, Finlayson R, Zaunders J, Smith D, Cooper DA. 2002. The extent of HIV-1-related immunodeficiency and age predict the long term CD4 T lymphocyte response to potent anti-retroviral therapy. AIDS 16:359-367.
14. Lerma JG, Heneine W. 2001. Resistance of human immunodeficiency type 1 to reverse transcriptase and protease inhibitors: genotypic and phenotypic testing. J Clin Virol 21:197-212.
15. + cell count responses under triple antiretroviral therapy, Aquitaine Cohort, 1996-1998. J Acquir Immune Defic Synd 27: 161-167.
16. Mofenson LM, Korelitz J, Meyer WA 3rd, Bethel J, Rich K, Pahwa S, Moye J Jr, Nugent R, Read J. 1997. The relationship between serum human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNA level, CD4 lymphocyte percent, and long-term mortality risk in HIV-1-infected children. J Infect Dis 175:1029-1038.
17. Peduzzi C, Pierotti P, Venturi G, Romano L, Mazzotta F, Zazzi M. 2002. Performance of an in-house genotypic antiretroviral resistance assay in patients pretreated with multiple human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease and reverse transcriptase inhibitors. J Clin Virol 25:57-62.
18. Phenix BN, Lum JJ, Nie Z, Sanchez-Dardon J, Badley A. 2001. Antiapoptotic mechanism of HIV protease inhibitors: preventing mitochondrial transmembrane potential loss. Blood 98:1078-1085.
19. Rousseau MN, Vergne L, Montes B, Peeters M, Reynes J, Delaporte E, Segondy M. 2001. Patterns of resistance mutations to antiretroviral drugs in extensively treated HIV-1-infected patients with failure of highly active antiretroviral therapy. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 26:36-43.
20. Servais J, Plesseria JM, Lambert C, Fontaine E, Robert I, Arendt V, Staub T, Schneide F, Hemme R, Schmit JC. 2001. Genotypic correlates of resistance to HIV-1 protease inhibitors on longitudinal data: the role of secondary mutations. Antivir Ther 6:239-248.
21. U.S. Centers for Disease Control. 1994. 1994 revised classification system for human immunodeficiency virus infection in children less than 13 years of age. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 43(RR-12): 1-10.