메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 78, Issue 1, 2004, Pages 1-6

When clocks (and communities) collide: Estimating divergence time from molecules and the fossil record

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DIVERGENCE; FOSSIL RECORD; MOLECULAR ANALYSIS;

EID: 0347723837     PISSN: 00223360     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1666/0022-3360(2004)078<0001:WCACCE>2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (29)

References (69)
  • 1
    • 0033085037 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The fossil record of North American mammals: Evidence for a Paleocene evolutionary radiation
    • ALROY, J. 1999. The fossil record of North American mammals: evidence for a Paleocene evolutionary radiation. Systematic Biology, 48:107-118.
    • (1999) Systematic Biology , vol.48 , pp. 107-118
    • Alroy, J.1
  • 3
    • 0000967619 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative analysis of the timing of the origin and diversification of extant placental orders
    • ARCHIBALD, J. D., AND D. H. DEUTSCHMAN. 2001. Quantitative analysis of the timing of the origin and diversification of extant placental orders. Journal of Mammalian Evolution, 8:107-124.
    • (2001) Journal of Mammalian Evolution , vol.8 , pp. 107-124
    • Archibald, J.D.1    Deutschman, D.H.2
  • 4
    • 0034998592 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolutionary rates and species diversity in flowering plants
    • BARRACLOUGH, T. G., AND V. SAVOLAINEN. 2001. Evolutionary rates and species diversity in flowering plants. Evolution, 55:677-683.
    • (2001) Evolution , vol.55 , pp. 677-683
    • Barraclough, T.G.1    Savolainen, V.2
  • 5
    • 0033486181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early origins of modern birds and mammals: Molecules vs. morphology
    • BENTON, M. J. 2001. Early origins of modern birds and mammals: molecules vs. morphology. BioEssays, 21:1043-1051.
    • (2001) BioEssays , vol.21 , pp. 1043-1051
    • Benton, M.J.1
  • 6
    • 0031224811 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Morphology, fossils, divergence timing, and the phylogenetic relationships of Gavialis
    • BROCHU, C. A. 1997. Morphology, fossils, divergence timing, and the phylogenetic relationships of Gavialis. Systematic Biology, 46:479-522.
    • (1997) Systematic Biology , vol.46 , pp. 479-522
    • Brochu, C.A.1
  • 7
    • 0034604438 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phylogenetic relationships and divergence timing of Crocodylus based on morphology and the fossil record
    • BROCHU, C. A. 2000. Phylogenetic relationships and divergence timing of Crocodylus based on morphology and the fossil record. Copeia, 2000:657-673.
    • (2000) Copeia , vol.2000 , pp. 657-673
    • Brochu, C.A.1
  • 8
    • 0036185023 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular clocks in reptiles: Life history influences rate of molecular evolution
    • BROMHAM, L. 2002. Molecular clocks in reptiles: life history influences rate of molecular evolution. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 19:302-309.
    • (2002) Molecular Biology and Evolution , vol.19 , pp. 302-309
    • Bromham, L.1
  • 9
    • 0042354631 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What can DNA tell us about the Cambrian explosion?
    • BROMHAM, L. 2003. What can DNA tell us about the Cambrian explosion? Integrative and Comparative Biology, 43:148-156.
    • (2003) Integrative and Comparative Biology , vol.43 , pp. 148-156
    • Bromham, L.1
  • 11
    • 0033104312 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Growing up with dinosaurs: Molecular dates and the mammalian radiation
    • BROMHAM, L., M. J. PHILLIPS, AND D. PENNY. 1999. Growing up with dinosaurs: molecular dates and the mammalian radiation. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 14:113-118.
    • (1999) Trends in Ecology and Evolution , vol.14 , pp. 113-118
    • Bromham, L.1    Phillips, M.J.2    Penny, D.3
  • 12
    • 0036808040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Testing the relationship between morphological and molecular rates of change along phylogenies
    • BROMHAM, L., M. WOOLFIT, M. S. Y. LEE, AND A. RAMBAUT. 2002. Testing the relationship between morphological and molecular rates of change along phylogenies. Evolution, 56:1921-1930.
    • (2002) Evolution , vol.56 , pp. 1921-1930
    • Bromham, L.1    Woolfit, M.2    Lee, M.S.Y.3    Rambaut, A.4
  • 13
    • 0042703608 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Cambrian fossil record and the origin of the phyla
    • BUDD, G. E. 2003. The Cambrian fossil record and the origin of the phyla. Integrative and Comparative Biology, 43:157-165.
    • (2003) Integrative and Comparative Biology , vol.43 , pp. 157-165
    • Budd, G.E.1
  • 14
    • 0030708572 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Developmental patterns and the identification of homologies in the avian hand
    • BURKE, A. C., AND A. FEDUCCIA. 1997. Developmental patterns and the identification of homologies in the avian hand. Science, 278:666-668.
    • (1997) Science , vol.278 , pp. 666-668
    • Burke, A.C.1    Feduccia, A.2
  • 15
    • 0030621127 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mass survival of birds across the Cretaceous-Tertiary Boundary
    • COOPER, A., AND D. PENNY. 1997. Mass survival of birds across the Cretaceous-Tertiary Boundary. Science, 275:1109-1113.
    • (1997) Science , vol.275 , pp. 1109-1113
    • Cooper, A.1    Penny, D.2
  • 16
    • 0346072307 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complete mitochondrial genomes and eutherian evolution
    • CORNELI, P. S. 2003. Complete mitochondrial genomes and eutherian evolution. Journal of Mammalian Evolution, 9:281-305.
    • (2003) Journal of Mammalian Evolution , vol.9 , pp. 281-305
    • Corneli, P.S.1
  • 17
    • 0035819804 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Avian evolution, Gondwana biogeography and the Cretaceous-Tertiary mass extinction event
    • CRACRAFT, J. 2001. Avian evolution, Gondwana biogeography and the Cretaceous-Tertiary mass extinction event. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B, 268:459-469.
    • (2001) Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B , vol.268 , pp. 459-469
    • Cracraft, J.1
  • 18
    • 0000927769 scopus 로고
    • Biochemical and immunological systematics of the order Crocodilia
    • M. K. Hecht, B. Wallace, and G. H. Prance (eds.), Plenum Press, New York
    • DENSMORE, L. D. 1983. Biochemical and immunological systematics of the order Crocodilia, p. 397-465. In M. K. Hecht, B. Wallace, and G. H. Prance (eds.), Evolutionary Biology. Volume 16. Plenum Press, New York.
    • (1983) Evolutionary Biology , vol.16 , pp. 397-465
    • Densmore, L.D.1
  • 20
    • 0032087222 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecules, morphology, fossils, and the relationship of angiosperms and Gnetales
    • DOYLE, J. A. 1998. Molecules, morphology, fossils, and the relationship of angiosperms and Gnetales. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 9:448-462.
    • (1998) Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution , vol.9 , pp. 448-462
    • Doyle, J.A.1
  • 21
    • 0033486370 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular evidence for the early divergence of placental mammals
    • EASTEAL, S. 2001. Molecular evidence for the early divergence of placental mammals. BioEssays, 21:1052-1058.
    • (2001) BioEssays , vol.21 , pp. 1052-1058
    • Easteal, S.1
  • 22
    • 0028956985 scopus 로고
    • Explosive radiation in Tertiary birds and mammals
    • FEDUCCIA, A. 1995. Explosive radiation in Tertiary birds and mammals. Science, 267:637-638.
    • (1995) Science , vol.267 , pp. 637-638
    • Feduccia, A.1
  • 23
    • 0003991673 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, Massachusetts
    • FELSENSTEIN, J. 2003. Inferring Phylogenies. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, Massachusetts, 580 p.
    • (2003) Inferring Phylogenies
    • Felsenstein, J.1
  • 25
    • 0033605215 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolutionary and preservational constraints on origins of biologic groups: Divergence times of eutherian mammals
    • FOOTE, M., J. P. HUNTER, C. M. JANIS, AND J. J. SEPKOSKI. 1999. Evolutionary and preservational constraints on origins of biologic groups: divergence times of eutherian mammals. Science, 283:1310-1314.
    • (1999) Science , vol.283 , pp. 1310-1314
    • Foote, M.1    Hunter, J.P.2    Janis, C.M.3    Sepkoski, J.J.4
  • 26
    • 0039172793 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • I, II, II or II, III, IV or both? A solution to the problem of avian digit homology
    • GAUTHIER, J., AND G. WAGNER. 1998. I, II, II or II, III, IV or both? A solution to the problem of avian digit homology. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 18:45A-46A.
    • (1998) Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology , vol.18
    • Gauthier, J.1    Wagner, G.2
  • 27
    • 0003012551 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Homoplasy in molecular s. morphological data: The likelihood of correct phylogenetic inference
    • T. J. Givnish and K. J. Sytsma (eds.), Cambridge University Press, New York
    • GIVNISH, T. J., AND K. J. SYTSMA. 1997. Homoplasy in molecular s. morphological data: the likelihood of correct phylogenetic inference, p. 55-101. In T. J. Givnish and K. J. Sytsma (eds.), Molecular Evolution and Adaptive Radiation. Cambridge University Press, New York.
    • (1997) Molecular Evolution and Adaptive Radiation , pp. 55-101
    • Givnish, T.J.1    Sytsma, K.J.2
  • 28
    • 0024421738 scopus 로고
    • Emerging alliance o phylogenetic systematics and molecular biology: A new age of exploration
    • B. Fernholm, K. Bremer, and H. Jörnwell (eds.), Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam
    • GOODMAN, M. 1989. Emerging alliance o phylogenetic systematics and molecular biology: a new age of exploration, p. 43-61. In B. Fernholm, K. Bremer, and H. Jörnwell (eds.), The Hierarchy of Life. Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam.
    • (1989) The Hierarchy of Life , pp. 43-61
    • Goodman, M.1
  • 29
    • 0038722868 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The interface of paleontology and mammalogy: Past, present, and future
    • HADLY, E. A. 2003. The interface of paleontology and mammalogy: past, present, and future. Journal of Mammalogy, 84:347-353.
    • (2003) Journal of Mammalogy , vol.84 , pp. 347-353
    • Hadly, E.A.1
  • 31
    • 0022376704 scopus 로고
    • Dating of the human-ape splitting by a molecular clock of mitochondrial DNA
    • HASEGAWA, M., H. KISHINO, AND T. YANO. 1985. Dating of the human-ape splitting by a molecular clock of mitochondrial DNA. Journal of Molecular Evolution, 21:160-174.
    • (1985) Journal of Molecular Evolution , vol.21 , pp. 160-174
    • Hasegawa, M.1    Kishino, H.2    Yano, T.3
  • 33
    • 0036262464 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stratigraphic variation in the timing of first and last occurrences
    • HOLLAND, S. M., AND M. E. PATZKOWSKY. 2002. Stratigraphic variation in the timing of first and last occurrences. Palaios, 17:134-146.
    • (2002) Palaios , vol.17 , pp. 134-146
    • Holland, S.M.1    Patzkowsky, M.E.2
  • 34
    • 0013283955 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Mesozoic radiation of Neornithes
    • L. Chiappe and L. M. Witmer (eds.), University of California Press, Berkeley
    • HOPE, S. 2002. The Mesozoic radiation of Neornithes, p. 339-388. In L. Chiappe and L. M. Witmer (eds.), Mesozoic Birds: Above the Heads of Dinosaurs. University of California Press, Berkeley.
    • (2002) Mesozoic Birds: above the Heads of Dinosaurs , pp. 339-388
    • Hope, S.1
  • 35
    • 0030902563 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phylogenetic methods come of age: Testing hypotheses in an evolutionary context
    • HUELSENBECK, J. P., AND B. RANNALA. 1997. Phylogenetic methods come of age: testing hypotheses in an evolutionary context. Science, 276:227-232.
    • (1997) Science , vol.276 , pp. 227-232
    • Huelsenbeck, J.P.1    Rannala, B.2
  • 36
    • 0014421064 scopus 로고
    • Evolutionary rate at the molecular level
    • KIMURA, M. 1968. Evolutionary rate at the molecular level. Nature, 217: 624-626.
    • (1968) Nature , vol.217 , pp. 624-626
    • Kimura, M.1
  • 37
    • 0035215061 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phylogeny and systematics of ground rollers (Brachypteraciidae) of Madagascar
    • KIRCHMAN, J. J., S. J. HACKETT, S. M. GOODMAN, AND J. M. BATES. 2001. Phylogeny and systematics of ground rollers (Brachypteraciidae) of Madagascar. The Auk, 118:849-863.
    • (2001) The Auk , vol.118 , pp. 849-863
    • Kirchman, J.J.1    Hackett, S.J.2    Goodman, S.M.3    Bates, J.M.4
  • 38
    • 0036273419 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for a slowed rate of molecular evolution in the Order Acipenseriformes
    • KRIEGER, J., AND P. A. FUERST. 2002. Evidence for a slowed rate of molecular evolution in the Order Acipenseriformes. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 19:891-897.
    • (2002) Molecular Biology and Evolution , vol.19 , pp. 891-897
    • Krieger, J.1    Fuerst, P.A.2
  • 39
    • 0032580152 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A molecular timescale for vertebrate evolution
    • KUMAR, S., AND S. B. HEDGES. 1998. A molecular timescale for vertebrate evolution. Nature, 392:917-920.
    • (1998) Nature , vol.392 , pp. 917-920
    • Kumar, S.1    Hedges, S.B.2
  • 40
    • 0037103509 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pentadactyl pattern of the avian wing autopodium and pyramid reduction hypothesis
    • KUNDRÁT, M., V. SEICHERT, A. P. RUSSELL, AND K. SMETANA. 2002. Pentadactyl pattern of the avian wing autopodium and pyramid reduction hypothesis. Journal of Experimental Zoology, 294:152-159.
    • (2002) Journal of Experimental Zoology , vol.294 , pp. 152-159
    • Kundrát, M.1    Seichert, V.2    Russell, A.P.3    Smetana, K.4
  • 42
    • 0032855033 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular clock calibrations and metazoan divergence dates
    • LEE, M. S. Y. 1999. Molecular clock calibrations and metazoan divergence dates. Journal of Molecular Evolution, 49:385-391.
    • (1999) Journal of Molecular Evolution , vol.49 , pp. 385-391
    • Lee, M.S.Y.1
  • 43
    • 0032435974 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crocodilian diversity in space and time: The role of climate in paleoecology and its implication for understanding K/T extinctions
    • MARKWICK, P. J. 1998. Crocodilian diversity in space and time: the role of climate in paleoecology and its implication for understanding K/T extinctions. Paleobiology, 24:470-497.
    • (1998) Paleobiology , vol.24 , pp. 470-497
    • Markwick, P.J.1
  • 44
    • 0025351249 scopus 로고
    • The fossil record and estimating divergence times between lineages: Maximum divergence times and the importance of reliable phylogenies
    • MARSHALL, C. R. 1990. The fossil record and estimating divergence times between lineages: maximum divergence times and the importance of reliable phylogenies. Journal of Molecular Evolution, 30:400-408.
    • (1990) Journal of Molecular Evolution , vol.30 , pp. 400-408
    • Marshall, C.R.1
  • 45
    • 0030859884 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Confidence intervals on stratigraphic ranges with nonrandom distributions of fossil horizons
    • MARSHALL, C. R. 1997. Confidence intervals on stratigraphic ranges with nonrandom distributions of fossil horizons. Paleobiology, 23:165-173.
    • (1997) Paleobiology , vol.23 , pp. 165-173
    • Marshall, C.R.1
  • 46
    • 0002523329 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fossil gap analysis supports early Tertiary origin of trophically diverse avian orders: Comment
    • MARSHALL, C. R. 1999. Fossil gap analysis supports early Tertiary origin of trophically diverse avian orders: Comment. Geology, 27:95.
    • (1999) Geology , vol.27 , pp. 95
    • Marshall, C.R.1
  • 47
    • 0037224669 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phylogeny and fossil record of the Brachypteraciidae: A Comment on Kirchman et al. (2001)
    • MAYR, G., AND C. MOURER-CHAUVIRE. 2003. Phylogeny and fossil record of the Brachypteraciidae: a Comment on Kirchman et al. (2001). The Auk, 120:202-203.
    • (2003) The Auk , vol.120 , pp. 202-203
    • Mayr, G.1    Mourer-Chauvire, C.2
  • 48
    • 0001679340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Slow rates of molecular evolution in birds and the metabolic rate and body temperature hypothesis
    • MINDELL, D. P., A. KNIGHT, C. BAER, AND C. J. HUDDLESTON. 1996. Slow rates of molecular evolution in birds and the metabolic rate and body temperature hypothesis. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 13: 422-426.
    • (1996) Molecular Biology and Evolution , vol.13 , pp. 422-426
    • Mindell, D.P.1    Knight, A.2    Baer, C.3    Huddleston, C.J.4
  • 50
    • 0030728580 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Correlated rates of molecular and morphological evolution
    • OMLAND, K. E. 1997. Correlated rates of molecular and morphological evolution. Evolution, 51:1381-1393.
    • (1997) Evolution , vol.51 , pp. 1381-1393
    • Omland, K.E.1
  • 52
    • 0014433227 scopus 로고
    • The earliest hominids
    • PILBEAM, D. R. 1968. The earliest hominids. Nature, 219:1335-1338.
    • (1968) Nature , vol.219 , pp. 1335-1338
    • Pilbeam, D.R.1
  • 53
    • 0014186296 scopus 로고
    • Immunological time scale for hominid evolution
    • SARICH, V. M., AND A. C. WILSON. 1967. Immunological time scale for hominid evolution. Science, 158:1200-1203.
    • (1967) Science , vol.158 , pp. 1200-1203
    • Sarich, V.M.1    Wilson, A.C.2
  • 54
    • 0002120273 scopus 로고
    • Avian phylogeny reconstructed from comparisons of the genetic material, DNA
    • C. Patterson (ed.), Cambridge University Press, New York
    • SIBLEY, C. G., AND J. E. AHLQUIST. 1987. Avian phylogeny reconstructed from comparisons of the genetic material, DNA, p. 95-121. In C. Patterson (ed.), Molecules and Morphology in Evolution:Conflict or Compromise? Cambridge University Press, New York.
    • (1987) Molecules and Morphology in Evolution:Conflict or Compromise? , pp. 95-121
    • Sibley, C.G.1    Ahlquist, J.E.2
  • 55
    • 0005687886 scopus 로고
    • The phyletic position of Ramapithecus
    • SIMONS, E. L. 1961. The phyletic position of Ramapithecus. Postilla, 54: 1-20.
    • (1961) Postilla , vol.54 , pp. 1-20
    • Simons, E.L.1
  • 56
    • 0036433299 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dating the time of origin of major clades: Molecular clocks and the fossil record
    • SMITH, A. B., AND K. J. PETERSON. 2002. Dating the time of origin of major clades: molecular clocks and the fossil record. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 30:65-88.
    • (2002) Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences , vol.30 , pp. 65-88
    • Smith, A.B.1    Peterson, K.J.2
  • 57
    • 0037862049 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimation of stratigraphic ranges when fossil finds are not randomly distributed
    • SOLOW, A. R. 2003. Estimation of stratigraphic ranges when fossil finds are not randomly distributed. Paleobiology, 29:181-185.
    • (2003) Paleobiology , vol.29 , pp. 181-185
    • Solow, A.R.1
  • 58
    • 0028880895 scopus 로고
    • Molecular clocks and the incompleteness of the fossil record
    • SPRINGER, M. S. 1995. Molecular clocks and the incompleteness of the fossil record. Journal of Molecular Evolution, 41:531-538.
    • (1995) Journal of Molecular Evolution , vol.41 , pp. 531-538
    • Springer, M.S.1
  • 60
    • 0001336205 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phylogenetic inference
    • D. M. Hillis, C. Moritz, and B. K. Mable (eds.), Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, Massachusetts
    • SWOFFORD, D. L., G. J. OLSEN, P. J. WADDELL, AND D. M. HILLIS. 1996. Phylogenetic inference, p. 407-514. In D. M. Hillis, C. Moritz, and B. K. Mable (eds.), Molecular Systematics (second edition). Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, Massachusetts.
    • (1996) Molecular Systematics (Second Edition) , pp. 407-514
    • Swofford, D.L.1    Olsen, G.J.2    Waddell, P.J.3    Hillis, D.M.4
  • 61
    • 0034000984 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The early history of modern birds inferred from DNA sequences of nuclear and mitochondrial ribosomal genes
    • VAN TUINEN, M., C. G. SIBLEY, AND S. B. HEDGES. 2000. The early history of modern birds inferred from DNA sequences of nuclear and mitochondrial ribosomal genes. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 17: 451-457.
    • (2000) Molecular Biology and Evolution , vol.17 , pp. 451-457
    • Van Tuinen, M.1    Sibley, C.G.2    Hedges, S.B.3
  • 63
    • 0041843801 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular phylogenies link rates of evolution and speciation
    • WEBSTER, A. J., R. J. H. PAYNE, AND M. PAGEL. 2003. Molecular phylogenies link rates of evolution and speciation. Science, 301:478.
    • (2003) Science , vol.301 , pp. 478
    • Webster, A.J.1    Payne, R.J.H.2    Pagel, M.3
  • 64
    • 0037308697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Broad-scale analysis contradicts the theory that generation time affects molecular evolutionary rates in plants
    • WHITTLE, C.-A., AND M. O. JOHNSTON. 2003. Broad-scale analysis contradicts the theory that generation time affects molecular evolutionary rates in plants. Journal of Molecular Evolution, 56:223-233.
    • (2003) Journal of Molecular Evolution , vol.56 , pp. 223-233
    • Whittle, C.-A.1    Johnston, M.O.2
  • 66
    • 0037062938 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hominid revelations from Chad
    • WOOD, B. 2002. Hominid revelations from Chad. Nature, 418:133-135.
    • (2002) Nature , vol.418 , pp. 133-135
    • Wood, B.1
  • 67
    • 0030425648 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular evidence for deep Precambrian divergences among metazoan phyla
    • WRAY, G. A., J. S. LEVINTON, AND L. H. SHAPIRO. 1996. Molecular evidence for deep Precambrian divergences among metazoan phyla. Science, 274:568-573.
    • (1996) Science , vol.274 , pp. 568-573
    • Wray, G.A.1    Levinton, J.S.2    Shapiro, L.H.3
  • 68
    • 0036897666 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Slow molecular clocks in Old World monkeys, apes, and humans
    • YI, S., D. L. ELLSWORTH, AND W.-H. LI. 2002. Slow molecular clocks in Old World monkeys, apes, and humans. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 19:2191-2198.
    • (2002) Molecular Biology and Evolution , vol.19 , pp. 2191-2198
    • Yi, S.1    Ellsworth, D.L.2    Li, W.-H.3
  • 69
    • 0002331493 scopus 로고
    • Molecular disease, evolution and genic heterogeneity
    • M. Kasha and B. Pullman (eds.), Academic Press, New York
    • ZUCKERKANDL, E., AND L. PAULING. 1962. Molecular disease, evolution and genic heterogeneity, p. 189-225. In M. Kasha and B. Pullman (eds.), Horizons in Biochemistry. Academic Press, New York.
    • (1962) Horizons in Biochemistry , pp. 189-225
    • Zuckerkandl, E.1    Pauling, L.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.