Mass survival of birds across the Cretaceous-tertiary boundary: Molecular evidence

Science

Volumn 275, Issue 5303, 1997, Pages 1109-1113

  Cooper, Alan ^a,b,d   Penny, David ^c  

^a VICTORIA UNIVERSITY OF WELLINGTON   (New Zealand)

^b SMITHSONIAN CONSERVATION BIOLOGY INSTITUTE   (United States)

^c MASSEY UNIVERSITY   (New Zealand)

^d UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; BIODIVERSITY; BIRD; FOSSIL; HISTORY; MAMMAL; MOLECULAR EVOLUTION; NONHUMAN; PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SURVIVAL;

ANIMALS; BASE SEQUENCE; BIRDS; EVOLUTION; EVOLUTION, MOLECULAR; FOSSILS; GENES; GENES, MOS; MAMMALS; MITOCHONDRIA; MOLECULAR SEQUENCE DATA; PHYLOGENY; RNA, RIBOSOMAL;

BIRD; CRETACEOUS/TERTIARY BOUNDARY; EVOLUTION; EXTINCTION;

EID: 0030621127     PISSN: 00368075     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1126/science.275.5303.1109     Document Type: Article

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65. C. J. O. Harrison and C. A. Walker, Tertiary Res. Spec. Pap. 3 (Tertiary Research Group, London, 1977); W. E. Boles, Nature 374, 21 (1995); L. M. Chiappe, ibid. 378, 349 (1995); S. L. Olson, personal communication; S. Hope, personal communication.
66. Loon, 70 Ma [S. L. Olson, J. Vertebr. Paleontol. 12, 122 (1992)]; tropicbird, 60 Ma [S. L. Olson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 107, 429 (1994)]; rhea, 60 Ma [C. P. Tambussi, Cour. Forschungsinst. Senckenb. 181, 1 (1995)]; ostrich, 43 Ma [P. W. Houde and H. Haubold, Palaeovertebrata 17, 27 (1987)]; penguin, 58 Ma [R. E. Fordyce and C. M. Jones, in Penguin Biology III, L. S. Davis and J. D. Derby, Eds. (Academic Press, New York, 1990), pp. 419-446]; Charadriiformes and Procellariiformes, 60 Ma [S. L. Olson and D. C. Parris, Smithson. Contrib. Paleobiol. 63,1 (1987)]; galliforms, Cracidae 50 Ma, Numididae 40 Ma [J. Kornegay, T. D. Kocher, L. A. Williams, A. C. Wilson, J. Mol. Evol. 37, 367 (1993)].
67. Loon, 70 Ma [S. L. Olson, J. Vertebr. Paleontol. 12, 122 (1992)]; tropicbird, 60 Ma [S. L. Olson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 107, 429 (1994)]; rhea, 60 Ma [C. P. Tambussi, Cour. Forschungsinst. Senckenb. 181, 1 (1995)]; ostrich, 43 Ma [P. W. Houde and H. Haubold, Palaeovertebrata 17, 27 (1987)]; penguin, 58 Ma [R. E. Fordyce and C. M. Jones, in Penguin Biology III, L. S. Davis and J. D. Derby, Eds. (Academic Press, New York, 1990), pp. 419-446]; Charadriiformes and Procellariiformes, 60 Ma [S. L. Olson and D. C. Parris, Smithson. Contrib. Paleobiol. 63,1 (1987)]; galliforms, Cracidae 50 Ma, Numididae 40 Ma [J. Kornegay, T. D. Kocher, L. A. Williams, A. C. Wilson, J. Mol. Evol. 37, 367 (1993)].
68. Loon, 70 Ma [S. L. Olson, J. Vertebr. Paleontol. 12, 122 (1992)]; tropicbird, 60 Ma [S. L. Olson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 107, 429 (1994)]; rhea, 60 Ma [C. P. Tambussi, Cour. Forschungsinst. Senckenb. 181, 1 (1995)]; ostrich, 43 Ma [P. W. Houde and H. Haubold, Palaeovertebrata 17, 27 (1987)]; penguin, 58 Ma [R. E. Fordyce and C. M. Jones, in Penguin Biology III, L. S. Davis and J. D. Derby, Eds. (Academic Press, New York, 1990), pp. 419-446]; Charadriiformes and Procellariiformes, 60 Ma [S. L. Olson and D. C. Parris, Smithson. Contrib. Paleobiol. 63,1 (1987)]; galliforms, Cracidae 50 Ma, Numididae 40 Ma [J. Kornegay, T. D. Kocher, L. A. Williams, A. C. Wilson, J. Mol. Evol. 37, 367 (1993)].
69. Loon, 70 Ma [S. L. Olson, J. Vertebr. Paleontol. 12, 122 (1992)]; tropicbird, 60 Ma [S. L. Olson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 107, 429 (1994)]; rhea, 60 Ma [C. P. Tambussi, Cour. Forschungsinst. Senckenb. 181, 1 (1995)]; ostrich, 43 Ma [P. W. Houde and H. Haubold, Palaeovertebrata 17, 27 (1987)]; penguin, 58 Ma [R. E. Fordyce and C. M. Jones, in Penguin Biology III, L. S. Davis and J. D. Derby, Eds. (Academic Press, New York, 1990), pp. 419-446]; Charadriiformes and Procellariiformes, 60 Ma [S. L. Olson and D. C. Parris, Smithson. Contrib. Paleobiol. 63,1 (1987)]; galliforms, Cracidae 50 Ma, Numididae 40 Ma [J. Kornegay, T. D. Kocher, L. A. Williams, A. C. Wilson, J. Mol. Evol. 37, 367 (1993)].
70. Loon, 70 Ma [S. L. Olson, J. Vertebr. Paleontol. 12, 122 (1992)]; tropicbird, 60 Ma [S. L. Olson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 107, 429 (1994)]; rhea, 60 Ma [C. P. Tambussi, Cour. Forschungsinst. Senckenb. 181, 1 (1995)]; ostrich, 43 Ma [P. W. Houde and H. Haubold, Palaeovertebrata 17, 27 (1987)]; penguin, 58 Ma [R. E. Fordyce and C. M. Jones, in Penguin Biology III, L. S. Davis and J. D. Derby, Eds. (Academic Press, New York, 1990), pp. 419-446]; Charadriiformes and Procellariiformes, 60 Ma [S. L. Olson and D. C. Parris, Smithson. Contrib. Paleobiol. 63,1 (1987)]; galliforms, Cracidae 50 Ma, Numididae 40 Ma [J. Kornegay, T. D. Kocher, L. A. Williams, A. C. Wilson, J. Mol. Evol. 37, 367 (1993)].
71. Loon, 70 Ma [S. L. Olson, J. Vertebr. Paleontol. 12, 122 (1992)]; tropicbird, 60 Ma [S. L. Olson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 107, 429 (1994)]; rhea, 60 Ma [C. P. Tambussi, Cour. Forschungsinst. Senckenb. 181, 1 (1995)]; ostrich, 43 Ma [P. W. Houde and H. Haubold, Palaeovertebrata 17, 27 (1987)]; penguin, 58 Ma [R. E. Fordyce and C. M. Jones, in Penguin Biology III, L. S. Davis and J. D. Derby, Eds. (Academic Press, New York, 1990), pp. 419-446]; Charadriiformes and Procellariiformes, 60 Ma [S. L. Olson and D. C. Parris, Smithson. Contrib. Paleobiol. 63,1 (1987)]; galliforms, Cracidae 50 Ma, Numididae 40 Ma [J. Kornegay, T. D. Kocher, L. A. Williams, A. C. Wilson, J. Mol. Evol. 37, 367 (1993)].
72. Loon, 70 Ma [S. L. Olson, J. Vertebr. Paleontol. 12, 122 (1992)]; tropicbird, 60 Ma [S. L. Olson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 107, 429 (1994)]; rhea, 60 Ma [C. P. Tambussi, Cour. Forschungsinst. Senckenb. 181, 1 (1995)]; ostrich, 43 Ma [P. W. Houde and H. Haubold, Palaeovertebrata 17, 27 (1987)]; penguin, 58 Ma [R. E. Fordyce and C. M. Jones, in Penguin Biology III, L. S. Davis and J. D. Derby, Eds. (Academic Press, New York, 1990), pp. 419-446]; Charadriiformes and Procellariiformes, 60 Ma [S. L. Olson and D. C. Parris, Smithson. Contrib. Paleobiol. 63,1 (1987)]; galliforms, Cracidae 50 Ma, Numididae 40 Ma [J. Kornegay, T. D. Kocher, L. A. Williams, A. C. Wilson, J. Mol. Evol. 37, 367 (1993)].
73. We thank H. James, S. Olson, P. Houde, L. Chiappe, S. Hope, and the late A. C. Wilson for helpful discussions. Samples were provided by P. Baverstock, R. Brown, P. Bullock, G. K. Chambers, C. H. Daugherty, L. Davis, S. Goldsworthy, A. Hill, J. Jolly, P. Millener, S. Pääbo, C. Pickett, W. Piper, D. Porter, the Smithsonian Institution, Museum of New Zealand, Louisiana State University, Denver University, and the collection (now at the University of Munich) of the late A. C. Wilson. We thank D. Swofford for the use of PAUP*. Financial support for A.C. was provided in part by Victoria University of Wellington, Friends of the National Zoo, the Smithsonian Institution, and the New Zealand Marsden Fund.