The ECG 100 Years Later: Electrical Insights into Molecular Messages

Kardiologiya

Volumn 42, Issue 12, 2002, Pages 70-79

  Rosen, M R ^a  

^a INSTITUTE OF EXPERIMENTAL CARDIOLOGY   (Russian Federation)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ART; ARTICLE; CARDIOLOGY; ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY; ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY; HEART; HEART RATE; HISTORY; INDONESIA; INSTRUMENTATION; MOLECULAR BIOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION;

CARDIOLOGY; ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY; ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY; HEART; HEART RATE; HISTORY, 20TH CENTURY; INDONESIA; MOLECULAR BIOLOGY; PORTRAITS; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION;

EID: 0346673679     PISSN: 00229040     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (78)

1. Lewis T., Quoted in Snellen H.A. Two Pioneers of Electrocardiography. Rotterdam: Donker Academic Publications 1983;100.
2. Samojloff A. Reminiscences of the late Professor Willem Einthoven. Am Heart J 1930;5:545-548.
3. Einthoven W. Le télécardiogramme. Arch Internat Physiol 1906;4: 132-164.
4. Einthoven W. Quoted in Snellen, op cit. [48].
5. Lewis T. Quoted in Snellen, op cit; [26].
6. Williams H.B. On the cause of the phase difference frequently observed between homonymous peaks of the electrocardiogram. Am J Physiol 1914;35:292-300.
7. Einthoven W. Die Registrirung der menschlichen herztöne mittels des saitengalvanometers. Arch ges Physiol 1907;117:461-478.
8. Einthoven W., Jolly W.A. The form and magnitude of the electrical response of the eye to stimulation by light at various intensities. Quart J Exp Physiol 1908;1:373-416.
9. Rakhit A., Berul C.I. Transgenic electrophysiology and small animal models. In: Foundations of Cardiac Arrhythmias. Eds. P.M. Spooner, M.R. Rosen. New York: Marcel Dekker Inc 2000.
10. Hoffman B. And then came the microelectrode. Cardiovasc Res 2002;53:1-5.
11. Romano C., Gemme G., Pongiglione R. Aritmie cardiache rare in eta pediatrica. Clin Pediat 1963;45:656-683.
12. Ward O.C. A new familial cardiac syndrome in children. J Irish Med Ass 1964;54:103-106.
13. Jervell A., Lange-Nielsen F. Congenital deaf-mutism, functional heart disease with prolongation of the Q-T interval and sudden death. Am Heart J 1957;54:59-68.
14. Schwartz P.J. Prevention of the arrhythmias in the long QT syndrome. In: Medical Management of Cardiac Arrhythmias. Ed. H.E. Kulbertus. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone 1986;153-161.
15. Moss A.J. Prolonged QT-interval syndromes. JAMA 1986;256: 2985-2987.
16. Moss A.J., Zareba W., Benhorin J. et al. ECG T-wave patterns in genetically distinct forms of the hereditary long QT syndrome. Circulation 1995;92:2929-2934.
17. Antzelevitch C., Yan G.-X., Shimizu W., Burashnikov A. Electrical heterogeneity, the ECG, and cardiac arrhythmias. In: Cardiac Electrophysiology: From Cell to Bedside. Eds. D.P. Zipes, J. Jalife J. 3rd Ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Co 2000;222-238.
18. Anyukhovsky E.P., Sosunov E.A., Gainullin R.Z., Rosen M.R. The controversial M cell. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 1999;10: 244-260.
19. Surawicz B. ST-T Abnormalities. In: Comprehensive Electrocardiology. Eds. P.W. MacFarlane, T.D.V. Lawrie. United Kingdom: Pergamon Press 1989;1:511-563.
20. Task Force of the Working Group on Arrhythmias of the European Society of Cardiology. The Sicilian Gambit. Circulation 1991;84:1831-1851.
21. Members of the Sicilian Gambit. New approaches to antiarrhythmic therapy. Emerging therapeutic applications of the cell biology of cardiac arrhythmias. Eur Heart J 2001;22:2148-2163.
22. Gulbis J.M., Zhou M., Mann S., MacKinnon R. Structure of the cytoplasmic β subunit-TI assembly of voltage-dependent K+ channels. Science 2000;289:123-127.
23. Roux B., MacKinnon R. The cavity and pore helices in the KcsA K+ channel: electrostatic stabilization of monovalent cations. Science 1999;285:100-102.
24. + conduction and selectivity. Science 1998;280:69-77.
25. Chatterjee K., Harris A., Davies G., Leatham A. Electrocardiographic changes subsequent to artificial ventricular depolarization. Br Heart J 1969;31:770-779.
26. Surawicz B. T wave abnormalities. In: Frontiers in Cardiac Electrophysiology. Eds. M.B. Rosenbaum, M.V. Elizari. Boston: Martinus Nijhoff Publishing 1983;40-66.
27. Engel T.R., Shah R., DePodesta L.A. et al. T-wave abnormalities of intermittent left bundle-branch block. Ann Intern Med 1978;89: 204-206.
28. Denes P., Pick A., Miller R.H. et al. A characteristic precordial repolarization abnormality with intermittent left bundle-branch block. Ann Intern Med 1978;89:55-57.
29. Kernohan R.J. Post-paroxysmal tachycardia syndrome. Br Heart J 1969;31:803-806.
30. Levine H.D., Lown B., Streeper R.B. The clinical significance of postextrasystolic T wave changes. Circulation 1952;6:538-548.
31. Nicolai P., Medvedovsky J.L., Delaage M. et al. Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome: T-wave abnormalities during normal pathway conduction. J Electrocardiol 1981;14:295-300.
32. Lepeschkin E. Modern Electrocardiography. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins 1951;239-420.
33. Parkinson J., Papp C. Repetitive paroxysmal tachycardia. Br Heart J 1947;9:241-261.
34. Scherf D. Alterations in the T wave with chances in heart rate. Am Heart J 1944;28:332-347.
35. Rosenbaum M.B., Blanco H.H., Elizari M.V. et al. Electrotonic modulation of the T wave and cardiac memory. Am J Cardiol 1982;50:213-222.
36. Rosenbaum M.B., Blanco H.H., Elizari M.V. et al. Electrotonic, modulation of ventricular repolarization and cardiac memory. In: Frontiers of Cardiac Electrophysiology. Eds. M.B. Rosenbaum, M.V. Elizari. Boston: Martinus Nijhoff Publishing 1983;67-99.
37. Szent-Gyorgyi A., Quoted by Davies R.E. The role of ATP in contraction. In: The Myocardial Cell. Eds. S.A. Briller, H.L. Conn. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press 1966;157.
38. Shvilkin A., Danilo P. Jr., Wang J. et al. Evolution and resolution of long-term cardiac memory. Circulation 1998;97:1810-1817.
39. del Baizo U., Rosen M.R. T wave changes persisting after ventricular pacing in canine heart are altered by 4-aminopyridine but not by lidocaine. Circulation 1992;85:1464-1472.
40. Costard-Jackle A., Goetsch B., Antz M., Franz M.R. Slow and long-lasting modulation of myocardial repolarization produced by ectopic activation in isolated rabbit hearts: Evidence for cardiac memory. Circulation 1989;80:1412-1420.
41. to1 is altered in cardiac memory. Circulation 1999;99:1898-1905.
42. Plotnikov A.N., Shvilkin A., Xiong W. et al. Interactions between antiarrhythmic drugs and cardiac memory. Cardiovasc Res 2001;50:335-344.
43. Antzelevitch C., Litovsky S.H., Lukas A. Epicardium versus endocardium: Electrophysiology and pharmacology. In: Cardiac Electrophysiology: From Cell to Bedside. Eds. D.P. Zipes, J. Jalife. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders 1990;386-395.
44. Antzelevitch C., Sicouri S., Litovsky S.H. et al. Heterogeneity within the ventricular wall. Electrophysiology and pharmacology of epicardial, endocardial, and M cells. Circulart Res 1991;69: 1427-1449.
45. Geller J.C., Rosen M.R. Persistent T-wave changes after alteration of the ventricular activation sequence. New insights into cellular mechanisms of "cardiac memory". Circulation 1993;88:1811-1819.
46. Jeck C.D., Boyden P.A. Age-related appearance of outward currents may contribute to developmental differences in ventricular repolarization. Circulat Res 1992;71:1390-1403.
47. to, is associated with evolution of cardiac memory. PACE 2002;25:575.
48. Ca L. Circulation 2001;104: II-110.
49. Patel P.M., Plotnikov A., Kanagaratnam P. et al. Altering ventricular activation remodels gap junction distribution in canine heart. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2001;12:570-577.
50. Lewis T. In Snellen, op cit;[68].
51. Prinzen F.W. Augustijn C.H., Arts T. et al. Redistribution of myocardial fiber strain and blood flow by asynchronous activation. Am J Physiol 1990;259:H300-H308.
52. Prinzen F.W., Hunter W.C., Wyman B.T., McVeigh E.R. Mapping of regional myocardial strain and work during ventricular pacing: experimental study using magnetic resonance imaging tagging. J Am Coll Cardiol 1999;33:1735-1742.
53. Ricard P., Danilo P. Jr., Cohen I.S. et al. A role for the renin-angiotensin system in the evolution of cardiac memory. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 1999;10:545-551.
54. Sadoshima J., Izumo S. Mechanical stretch rapidly activates multiple signal transduction pathways in cardiac myocytes: potential involvement of an autocrine/paracrine mechanism. EMBO J 1993;12:1681-1692.
55. 2+-dependent signaling. Circulat Res 1995;76:1-15.
56. Sadoshima J., Xu Y., Slayter H.S., Izumo S. Autocrine release of angiotensin II mediates stretch-induced hypertrophy of cardiac myocytes in vitro. Cell 1993;75:977-984.
57. Sadoshima J., Izumo S. Molecular characterization of angiotensin II-induced hypertrophy of cardiac myocytes and hyperplasia of cardiac fibroblasts. Circulat Res 1993;73:413-423.
58. Yu H., Gao J., Wang H. et al. Effects of the renin-angiotensin system on the current in epicardial and endocardial ventricular myocytes from the canine heart. Circulat Res 2000;86:1062-1068.
59. Kass R.S., Blair M.L. Effects of angiotensin II on membrane current in cardiac Purkinje fibers. J Mol Cell Cardiol 1981;13:797-809.
60. Brink M., Price S.R., Chrast J. et al. Angiotensin II induces skeletal muscle wasting through enhanced protein degradation and down-regulates autocrine-insulin-like growth factor. Endocrinology 2001;142:1489-1496.
61. Kandel E.R. Genes, nerve cells, and the remembrance of things past. J Neuropsychiat Clin Neurosci 1989;1:103-125.
62. Goelet P., Castelluci V.F., Schacher S., Kandel E.R. The long and the short of long-term memory - a molecular framework. Nature 1986;322:419-422.
63. Kandel E.R. The molecular biology of memory storage: a dialogue between genes and synapses. Science 2001;294:1030-1038.
64. Patberg K.W., Plotnikov A.N., Quamina A. et al. Effects of left ventricular pacing on the cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) in canine heart. Circulation 2001;104:11-24.
65. Patberg K.W., Ferdman D.J., Quamina A. et al. Pacing induces phosphorylation of the cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) and of c-Jun. PACE 2002;25:531.
66. Wiggers C.J. Willem Einthoven (1860-1927). Some facets of his life and work. Circulat Res 1961;9:225-234.
67. Plotnikov A.N., Xiong W., Danilo P. Jr., Rosen M.R. The relationship of long-term cardiac memory to changes in ventricular activation, repolarization and effective refractory period. Circulation 1999;100:1-50.
68. Satoh T., Zipes D.P. Rapid rates during bradycardia prolong ventricular refractoriness and facilitate ventricular tachycardia induction with cesium in dogs. Circulation 1996;94:217-227.
69. Satoh T., Zipes D.P. Unequal atrial stretch in dogs increases dispersion of refractoriness conducive to developing atrial fibrillation. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 1996;7:833-842.
70. Herweg B., Chang F., Chandra P. et al. Cardiac memory in canine atrium. Identification and Implications. Circulation 2001;103: 455-461.
71. Chandra P., Rosen T.S., Herweg B. et al. Evolution of the atrial gradient may predict a propensity to atrial tachyarrhythmias. Circulation 2001;104:II-109.
72. Chandra P., Rosen T.S., Herweg B. et al. Atrial memory: association with atrial fibrillation. PACE 2002;25:576.
73. Wilson F.N., Macleod A.G., Barker P.S., Johnston F.D. The determination and significance of the areas of the ventricular deflections of the electrocardiogram. Am Heart J 1934;10:46.
74. Lux R.L., Urie P.M., Burgess M.J., Abildskov J.A. Variability of the body surface distribution of QRS, ST - T and QRST deflection areas with varied activation sequence in dogs. Cardiovasc Res 1980;14:607-612.
75. Abildskov J.A. Effects of activation sequence on the local recovery of ventricular excitability in the dog. Circulat Res 1976;38: 240-243.
76. Hayashi H., Okajima M., Yamada K. Atrial T (Ta) loop in dogs with or without atrial injury. Am Heart J 1976;91:607-617.
77. Hayashi H., Okajima M., Yamada K. Atrial T (Ta) loop in patients with A-V block: A trial to differentiate normal and abnormal groups. Am Heart J 1976;91:492-500.
78. Einthoven W. The string galvanometer and the measurement of action currents of the heart. Nobel Ed. Physiology or Medicine 1922-1941; Elsevier. New York 1965.