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free was monitored to reduce model bias. Individual temperature factors were refined for all nonhydrogen atoms.
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0030054676
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Inactivation time constants were obtained by fitting the current decay with exponential functions with Clampfit (Axon) software. Expression of Kv1.4-IR with β12 chimera yielded two exponentials: a predominant (>90%) fast component (time τ < 60 ms) and a minor (< 10%) component (τ ∼ 500 ms). The slower time constant was relatively invariable and coincided with the COOH-type inactivation of Kv1.4-IR [S. H. Heinemann, J. Rettig, H. R. Graack, O. Pongs, J. Physiol. 493, 625 (1996)]. In double-mutant cycle analysis, only the predominant component was used. Inactivation recovery was studied with paired pulses (22). The peak of the second pulse in the pair was graphed as a function of time after the first pulse, defining an envelope of recovery that was fit to an exponential function with Origin (Microcol Software, Northampton, MA). Recovery from inactivation for Kv1.4-IR paired with the β12 chimera was well described by single exponential function.
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d is very close to the equilibrium ratio of open to inactivated channels. A value of Ω greater than unity indicates that the effects of two mutations are coupled.
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27
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0343369169
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note
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Single-letter abbreviations for the amino acid residues are as follows: A, Ala; C, Cys; D, Asp; E, Glu; F, Phe; G, Gly; H, His; I, Ile; K, Lys; L, Leu; M, Met; N, Asn; P, Pro; Q, Gln; R, Arg; S, Ser; T, Thr; V, Val; W, Trp; and Y, Tyr.
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28
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84889120137
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31
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0343804812
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See www.povray.org.
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33
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0032478818
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Doyle, D.A.1
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34
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0342499564
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note
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We thank J. Bonnano for technical assistance; J. Morais Cabral, R. Dutzler, Y. Jiang, A. Pico, and Y. Zhou for help with data collection; B. Chait and M. Cadene for mass spectrometry; O. Pongs for Kv1.4 DNA; J. Trimmer for β subunit DNA; members of the MacCHESS (A1) and Brookhaven National Laboratory (X25) staff for assistance in data collection; and W. Chin for artwork and help with the manuscript. The coordinates have been submitted under Protein Data Bank ID code 1EXB. R.M. is an investigator in the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. Supported by NIH grant GM47400.
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