메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 108, Issue 9, 2003, Pages

Evidence for an upper mantle plume beneath the Tanzanian craton from Rayleigh wave tomography

Author keywords

Archean craton; Low velocity zone; Surface waves; Tanzania

Indexed keywords

ARCHEAN; CRATON; LOW VELOCITY ZONE; MANTLE PLUME; RAYLEIGH WAVE; SEISMIC TOMOGRAPHY; UPPER MANTLE;

EID: 0346268901     PISSN: 21699313     EISSN: 21699356     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (212)

References (84)
  • 1
    • 0034895308 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Upper mantle anisotropy beneath the African IRIS and Geoscope stations
    • Barruol, G., and W. B. Ismail, Upper mantle anisotropy beneath the African IRIS and Geoscope stations, Geophys. J. Int., 146, 549-561, 2001.
    • (2001) Geophys. J. Int. , vol.146 , pp. 549-561
    • Barruol, G.1    Ismail, W.B.2
  • 2
    • 0031422824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of pre-existing structures on the evolution of the southern Kenya rift valley-evidence from seismic and gravity studies
    • Birt, C. S., P. K. H. Maguire, M. A. Khan, H. Thybo, G. R. Keller, and J. Patel, The influence of pre-existing structures on the evolution of the southern Kenya rift valley-Evidence from seismic and gravity studies, Tectonophysics, 278, 211-242, 1997.
    • (1997) Tectonophysics , vol.278 , pp. 211-242
    • Birt, C.S.1    Maguire, P.K.H.2    Khan, M.A.3    Thybo, H.4    Keller, G.R.5    Patel, J.6
  • 3
    • 0034352646 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pn wave velocities beneath the Tanzanian craton and adjacent rifted mobile belts, East Africa
    • Brazier, R. A., A. A. Nyblade, and C. A. Langston. Pn wave velocities beneath the Tanzanian craton and adjacent rifted mobile belts, East Africa, Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 2365-2368, 2000.
    • (2000) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.27 , pp. 2365-2368
    • Brazier, R.A.1    Nyblade, A.A.2    Langston, C.A.3
  • 4
    • 0000801945 scopus 로고
    • Seismic waves and earth structure in the Canadian Shield
    • Brune, J., and J. Dorman, Seismic waves and earth structure in the Canadian Shield, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 53, 167-209, 1963.
    • (1963) Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. , vol.53 , pp. 167-209
    • Brune, J.1    Dorman, J.2
  • 6
    • 0029729833 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deep crustal earthquakes and active faults along the Rukwa trough, eastern Africa
    • Camelbeeck, T., and M. D. Iranga, Deep crustal earthquakes and active faults along the Rukwa trough, eastern Africa, Geophys. J. Int., 124, 612-630, 1996.
    • (1996) Geophys. J. Int. , vol.124 , pp. 612-630
    • Camelbeeck, T.1    Iranga, M.D.2
  • 7
    • 0032845780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Re-Os systematics of mantle xenoliths from the East African Rift: Age structure, and history of the Tanzanian craton
    • Chesley, J. T., R. L. Rudnick, and C. T. Lee, Re-Os systematics of mantle xenoliths from the East African Rift: Age, structure, and history of the Tanzanian craton, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 63, 1203-1217, 1999.
    • (1999) Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta , vol.63 , pp. 1203-1217
    • Chesley, J.T.1    Rudnick, R.L.2    Lee, C.T.3
  • 8
    • 0027066339 scopus 로고
    • Tomographic study of upper-mantle structure of the south African continent, using wave-form inversion
    • Cichowicz, A., and R. W. E. Green, Tomographic study of upper-mantle structure of the south African continent, using wave-form inversion, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 72, 276-285, 1992.
    • (1992) Phys. Earth Planet. Inter. , vol.72 , pp. 276-285
    • Cichowicz, A.1    Green, R.W.E.2
  • 10
    • 0028315275 scopus 로고
    • Quaternary kimberlitic volcanism on the Tanzanian Craton
    • Dawson, J. B., Quaternary kimberlitic volcanism on the Tanzanian Craton. Contrib. Mineral Petrol., 116, 473-485, 1994.
    • (1994) Contrib. Mineral Petrol. , vol.116 , pp. 473-485
    • Dawson, J.B.1
  • 11
    • 0035682248 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seismic evidence for a deeply rooted low-velocity anomaly in the upper mantle beneath the northeastern Afro/Arabian continent
    • Debayle, E., J. J. Lévêque, and M. Cara, Seismic evidence for a deeply rooted low-velocity anomaly in the upper mantle beneath the northeastern Afro/Arabian continent, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 193, 423-436, 2001.
    • (2001) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. , vol.193 , pp. 423-436
    • Debayle, E.1    Lévêque, J.J.2    Cara, M.3
  • 12
    • 0030762864 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mantle convection and stability of depleted and undepleted continental lithosphere
    • Doin, M. P., L. Fleitout, and U. Christensen, Mantle convection and stability of depleted and undepleted continental lithosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 2771-2787, 1997.
    • (1997) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.102 , pp. 2771-2787
    • Doin, M.P.1    Fleitout, L.2    Christensen, U.3
  • 14
    • 0005429696 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seismic tomography and continental roots
    • (abstract), Spring Meet Suppl
    • Dziewonski, A. M., and G. J. Ekstrom, Seismic tomography and continental roots (abstract), Eos Trans. AGU, 79(17), Spring Meet Suppl., S227, 1998.
    • (1998) Eos Trans. AGU , vol.79 , Issue.17
    • Dziewonski, A.M.1    Ekstrom, G.J.2
  • 15
    • 0032558727 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cenozoic magmatism throughout east Africa resulting from impact of a single plume
    • Ebinger, C. J., and N. H. Sleep, Cenozoic magmatism throughout east Africa resulting from impact of a single plume, Nature, 395, 788-791, 1998.
    • (1998) Nature , vol.395 , pp. 788-791
    • Ebinger, C.J.1    Sleep, N.H.2
  • 16
    • 0024483254 scopus 로고
    • Effective elastic plate thickness beneath the East African and Afar Plateaus and dynamic compensation of the uplifts
    • Ebinger, C. J., T. D. Bechtel, D. W. Forsyth, and C. O. Bowin, Effective elastic plate thickness beneath the East African and Afar Plateaus and dynamic compensation of the uplifts, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 2883-2901, 1989a.
    • (1989) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.94 , pp. 2883-2901
    • Ebinger, C.J.1    Bechtel, T.D.2    Forsyth, D.W.3    Bowin, C.O.4
  • 17
    • 0024881410 scopus 로고
    • Chronology of volcanism and rift basin propagation: Rungwe volcanic province, east Africa
    • Ebinger, C. J., A. L. Deino, R. E. Drake, and A. L. Tesha, Chronology of volcanism and rift basin propagation: Rungwe volcanic province, east Africa, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 15,785-15,803, 1989b.
    • (1989) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.94 , pp. 15785-15803
    • Ebinger, C.J.1    Deino, A.L.2    Drake, R.E.3    Tesha, A.L.4
  • 18
    • 3743125534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rifting Archaean lithosphere: The Eyasi-Manyara-Natron rifts, East Africa
    • Ebinger, C., Y. Poudjom Djomani, E. Mbede, A. Foster, and J. B. Dawson, Rifting Archaean lithosphere: The Eyasi-Manyara-Natron rifts, East Africa, J. Geol. Soc., 154, 947-960, 1997.
    • (1997) J. Geol. Soc. , vol.154 , pp. 947-960
    • Ebinger, C.1    Poudjom Djomani, Y.2    Mbede, E.3    Foster, A.4    Dawson, J.B.5
  • 19
    • 0030766322 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measurements and global models of surface wave propagation
    • Ekstrom, G., J. Tromp, and E. W. Larson, Measurements and global models of surface wave propagation, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 8137-8157, 1997.
    • (1997) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.102 , pp. 8137-8157
    • Ekstrom, G.1    Tromp, J.2    Larson, E.W.3
  • 21
    • 0032557713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phase velocities of Rayleigh waves in the MELT Experiment on the East Pacific Rise
    • Forsyth, D. W., S. C. Webb, L. M. Dorman, and Y. Shen, Phase velocities of Rayleigh waves in the MELT Experiment on the East Pacific Rise, Science, 280, 1235-1238, 1998.
    • (1998) Science , vol.280 , pp. 1235-1238
    • Forsyth, D.W.1    Webb, S.C.2    Dorman, L.M.3    Shen, Y.4
  • 22
    • 0031708698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Source parameters of large African earthquakes: Implications for crustal rheology and regional kinemats
    • Foster, A. N., and J. A. Jackson, Source parameters of large African earthquakes: implications for crustal rheology and regional kinemats. Geophys. J. Int., 134, 422-448, 1998.
    • (1998) Geophys. J. Int. , vol.134 , pp. 422-448
    • Foster, A.N.1    Jackson, J.A.2
  • 24
    • 0035391033 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structure of the Kaapvaal craton from surface waves
    • Freybourger, M., J. B. Gaherty, and T. H. Jordan, Structure of the Kaapvaal craton from surface waves. Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 2489-2492, 2001.
    • (2001) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.28 , pp. 2489-2492
    • Freybourger, M.1    Gaherty, J.B.2    Jordan, T.H.3
  • 25
    • 0028597210 scopus 로고
    • Non-plane geometries of seismic surface wavefields and their implications for regional surface-wave tomography
    • Friedrich, W., E. Wielandt, and S. Stange, Non-plane geometries of seismic surface wavefields and their implications for regional surface-wave tomography, Geophys. J. Int., 119, 931-948, 1994.
    • (1994) Geophys. J. Int. , vol.119 , pp. 931-948
    • Friedrich, W.1    Wielandt, E.2    Stange, S.3
  • 27
    • 0028194002 scopus 로고
    • Mantle shear structure beneath the Americas and surrounding oceans
    • Grand, S. P., Mantle shear structure beneath the Americas and surrounding oceans. J. Geophys. Res., 99, 11,591-11,621, 1994.
    • (1994) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.99 , pp. 11591-11621
    • Grand, S.P.1
  • 28
  • 29
    • 0030736852 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global seismic tomography: A snapshot of convection in the Earth
    • Grand, S. P., R. D. van der Hilst, and S. Widiyantoro, Global seismic tomography: A snapshot of convection in the Earth, GSA Today, 7, 1-7, 1997.
    • (1997) GSA Today , vol.7 , pp. 1-7
    • Grand, S.P.1    van der Hilst, R.D.2    Widiyantoro, S.3
  • 30
    • 0026287283 scopus 로고
    • A three-dimensional seismic image of the crust and upper mantle beneath the Kenya rift
    • Green, W. V., U. Achauer, and R. P. Meyer, A three-dimensional seismic image of the crust and upper mantle beneath the Kenya rift, Nature, 354, 199-202, 1992.
    • (1992) Nature , vol.354 , pp. 199-202
    • Green, W.V.1    Achauer, U.2    Meyer, R.P.3
  • 31
    • 84891065803 scopus 로고
    • Trace elements in garnets from Tanzanian kimberiltes: Relation to diamond content and icetonic setting
    • edited by H. O. A. Meyer and O. H. Leonardos Comp. de Pesquisa de Recursos Miner., Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, 1993
    • Griffin, W., C. Ryan, S. O'Reilly, P. Nixon, and T. Win, Trace elements in garnets from Tanzanian kimberiltes: Relation to diamond content and icetonic setting, in Proceedings of the Fifth International Kimberlite Conference: Arax, Brazil, 1991, vol. 2, edited by H. O. A. Meyer and O. H. Leonardos, pp. 145-147, Comp. de Pesquisa de Recursos Miner., Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, 1993.
    • (1991) Proceedings of the Fifth International Kimberlite Conference: Arax, Brazil , vol.2 , pp. 145-147
    • Griffin, W.1    Ryan, C.2    O'Reilly, S.3    Nixon, P.4    Win, T.5
  • 32
    • 0029751825 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the effect of diffraction on traveltime measurements
    • Gudmundsson, O., On the effect of diffraction on traveltime measurements, Geophys. J. Int., 124, 304-314, 1996.
    • (1996) Geophys. J. Int. , vol.124 , pp. 304-314
    • Gudmundsson, O.1
  • 33
    • 0035391198 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lithospheric mantle evolution of the Kaapvaal craton: A Re-Os isotope study of peridotite xenoliths from Lesotho kimberlites
    • Irvine, G. J., and D. G. Pearson, Lithospheric mantle evolution of the Kaapvaal craton: A Re-Os isotope study of peridotite xenoliths from Lesotho kimberlites, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 2505-2508, 2001.
    • (2001) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.28 , pp. 2505-2508
    • Irvine, G.J.1    Pearson, D.G.2
  • 35
    • 0033398447 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The thermal structure and thickness of continental roots
    • Jaupart, C., and J. C. Mareschal, The thermal structure and thickness of continental roots, Lithos, 48, 93-114, 1998.
    • (1998) Lithos , vol.48 , pp. 93-114
    • Jaupart, C.1    Mareschal, J.C.2
  • 36
    • 0000316330 scopus 로고
    • Composition and development of the continental tectosphere
    • Jordan, T. H., Composition and development of the continental tectosphere, Nature, 274, 544-548, 1978.
    • (1978) Nature , vol.274 , pp. 544-548
    • Jordan, T.H.1
  • 37
    • 84882874406 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structure and formation of the continental tectosphere
    • Special Lithosphere Issue
    • Jordan, T. H., Structure and formation of the continental tectosphere. J. Petrol., Special Lithosphere Issue, 11-37, 1998.
    • (1998) J. Petrol. , pp. 11-37
    • Jordan, T.H.1
  • 38
    • 0032051494 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geochronology of volcanic rocks and evolution of the Cenozoic western branch of the East African Rift System
    • Kampunzu, A. B., M. G. Bonhomme, and M. Kanika, Geochronology of volcanic rocks and evolution of the Cenozoic western branch of the East African Rift System, J. Afr. Earth Sci., 26, 441-461, 1998.
    • (1998) J. Afr. Earth Sci. , vol.26 , pp. 441-461
    • Kampunzu, A.B.1    Bonhomme, M.G.2    Kanika, M.3
  • 39
    • 0028813015 scopus 로고
    • Constraints on seismic velocities in the Earth from traveltimes
    • Kennett, B. L. N., E. R. Engdahl, and R. Buland, Constraints on seismic velocities in the Earth from traveltimes, Geophys. J. Int., 122, 108-124, 1995.
    • (1995) Geophys. J. Int. , vol.122 , pp. 108-124
    • Kennett, B.L.N.1    Engdahl, E.R.2    Buland, R.3
  • 40
    • 0036205428 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regional wave propagation in Tanzania, East Africa
    • doi:10.1029/2001JB000167
    • Langston, C. A., A. A. Nyblade, and T. J. Owens, Regional wave propagation in Tanzania, East Africa, J. Geophys. Res., 107(B1), 2003, doi:10.1029/2001JB000167, 2002.
    • (2002) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.107 , Issue.B1 , pp. 2003
    • Langston, C.A.1    Nyblade, A.A.2    Owens, T.J.3
  • 41
    • 0001482503 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crustal structure of the East African Plateau from receiver functions and Rayleigh wave phase velocities
    • Last, R. J., A. A. Nyblade, C. A. Langston, and T. J. Owens, Crustal structure of the East African Plateau from receiver functions and Rayleigh wave phase velocities, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 24,469-24,483, 1997.
    • (1997) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.102 , pp. 24469-24483
    • Last, R.J.1    Nyblade, A.A.2    Langston, C.A.3    Owens, T.J.4
  • 42
    • 0001723698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Compositionally stratified cratonic lithosphere: Petrology and geochemistry of peridotite xenoliths from the Labait volcano, Tanzania
    • edited by J. J. Gurney et al. Red Roof Design, Cape Town, South Africa
    • Lee, C. T., and R. L. Rudnick, Compositionally stratified cratonic lithosphere: Petrology and geochemistry of peridotite xenoliths from the Labait volcano, Tanzania, in Proceedings of VIIth International Kimberlite Conference, edited by J. J. Gurney et al., pp. 503-521, Red Roof Design, Cape Town, South Africa, 1999.
    • (1999) Proceedings of VIIth International Kimberlite Conference , pp. 503-521
    • Lee, C.T.1    Rudnick, R.L.2
  • 43
    • 0034352472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of mobile belts for the longevity of deep cratonic lithosphere: The crumple zone model
    • Lenardie, A., L. Moresi, and H. Muehlhaus, The role of mobile belts for the longevity of deep cratonic lithosphere: The crumple zone model, Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 1235-1238, 2000.
    • (2000) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.27 , pp. 1235-1238
    • Lenardie, A.1    Moresi, L.2    Muehlhaus, H.3
  • 44
    • 0141494734 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shear velocity structure and azimuthal anisotropy beneath eastern North America from rayleigh wave inversion
    • doi:10.1029/2002JB002259
    • Li, A., D. W. Forsyth, and K. M. Fischer, Shear velocity structure and azimuthal anisotropy beneath eastern North America from rayleigh wave inversion, J. Geophys. Res., 108(B8), 2362, doi:10.1029/2002JB002259, 2003.
    • (2003) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.108 , Issue.B8 , pp. 2362
    • Li, A.1    Forsyth, D.W.2    Fischer, K.M.3
  • 45
    • 0032541564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamic topography, plate driving forces and the African superswell
    • Lithgow-Bertelloni, C., and P. G. Silver, Dynamic topography, plate driving forces and the African superswell, Nature, 395, 269-272, 1998.
    • (1998) Nature , vol.395 , pp. 269-272
    • Lithgow-Bertelloni, C.1    Silver, P.G.2
  • 46
    • 0001232446 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Three-dimensional waveform sensitivity kernels
    • Marquering, H., G. Nolet, and F. A. Dahlen, Three-dimensional waveform sensitivity kernels, Geophys. J. Int., 132, 521-534, 1998.
    • (1998) Geophys. J. Int. , vol.132 , pp. 521-534
    • Marquering, H.1    Nolet, G.2    Dahlen, F.A.3
  • 47
    • 0031846433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Superswells
    • McNutt, M. K., Superswells, Rev. Geophys, 36, 211-244, 1998.
    • (1998) Rev. Geophys , vol.36 , pp. 211-244
    • McNutt, M.K.1
  • 48
    • 79960484707 scopus 로고
    • Palaeozoic and Cenozoic lithoprobes and the loss of >120 km of Archaean lithosphere, Sino-Korean craton, China
    • edited by H. M. Prichard et al., Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ
    • Menzies, M. A., W. Fan, and M. Zhang, Palaeozoic and Cenozoic lithoprobes and the loss of >120 km of Archaean lithosphere, Sino-Korean craton, China, in Magmatic Processes and Plate Tectonics, edited by H. M. Prichard et al., Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ., 76, 71-81, 1993.
    • (1993) Magmatic Processes and Plate Tectonics , vol.76 , pp. 71-81
    • Menzies, M.A.1    Fan, W.2    Zhang, M.3
  • 49
    • 11744295486 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CRUST 5.1: A global crustal model at 5° × 5
    • Mooney, W. D., G. Laske, and T. G. Masters, CRUST 5.1: A global crustal model at 5° × 5°, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 727-747, 1998.
    • (1998) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.103 , pp. 727-747
    • Mooney, W.D.1    Laske, G.2    Masters, T.G.3
  • 50
    • 0002204783 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tectonic evolution of the East African Rift system and the modifying influence of magmatism: A review
    • Morley, C. K., Tectonic evolution of the East African Rift system and the modifying influence of magmatism: A review, Acta Vulcanol., II(1), 1-19, 1999.
    • (1999) Acta Vulcanol. , vol.2 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-19
    • Morley, C.K.1
  • 51
    • 0024530548 scopus 로고
    • The anisotropic structure of the upper mantle in the Pacific
    • Nishimura, C. E., and D. W. Forsyth, The anisotropic structure of the upper mantle in the Pacific, Geophys. J., 96, 203-229, 1989.
    • (1989) Geophys. J. , vol.96 , pp. 203-229
    • Nishimura, C.E.1    Forsyth, D.W.2
  • 53
    • 0033398717 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heat flow and the structure of Precambrian lithosphere
    • Nyblade, A. A., Heat flow and the structure of Precambrian lithosphere, Lithos, 48, 81-91, 1999.
    • (1999) Lithos , vol.48 , pp. 81-91
    • Nyblade, A.A.1
  • 54
    • 84870924199 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crust and upper mantle structure in East Africa: Implications for the origin of Cenozoic rifting and volcanism and the formation of magmatic rifted margins
    • edited by M. A. Menzies et al., Spec. Pap. Geol. Soc. Am
    • Nyblade, A. A., Crust and upper mantle structure in East Africa: Implications for the origin of Cenozoic rifting and volcanism and the formation of magmatic rifted margins, in Volcanic Rifted Margins, edited by M. A. Menzies et al., Spec. Pap. Geol. Soc. Am., 362, 15-26, 2002.
    • (2002) Volcanic Rifted Margins , vol.362 , pp. 15-26
    • Nyblade, A.A.1
  • 55
    • 0036693018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Precambrian lithospheric controls on the development of the East African Rift system
    • Nyblade, A. A., and R. A. Brazier, Precambrian lithospheric controls on the development of the East African Rift system. Geology, 30, 755-758, 2002.
    • (2002) Geology , vol.30 , pp. 755-758
    • Nyblade, A.A.1    Brazier, R.A.2
  • 59
    • 84879886816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seismic evidence for a deep upper mantle thermal anomaly beneath east Africa
    • Nyblade, A. A., T. J. Owens, H. Gurrola, J. Ritsema, and C. A. Langston, Seismic evidence for a deep upper mantle thermal anomaly beneath east Africa, Geology, 28, 599-602, 2000.
    • (2000) Geology , vol.28 , pp. 599-602
    • Nyblade, A.A.1    Owens, T.J.2    Gurrola, H.3    Ritsema, J.4    Langston, C.A.5
  • 61
    • 0034353335 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mantle transition zone structure beneath Tanzania, East Africa
    • Owens, T. J., A. A. Nyblade, H. Gurrola, and C. A. Langston, Mantle transition zone structure beneath Tanzania, East Africa, Geophys. Res. Lett., 27(6), 827-830, 2000.
    • (2000) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.27 , Issue.6 , pp. 827-830
    • Owens, T.J.1    Nyblade, A.A.2    Gurrola, H.3    Langston, C.A.4
  • 62
    • 84879890240 scopus 로고
    • Depth extent of cratons as inferred from tomographic studies
    • Polet, J., and D. L. Anderson, Depth extent of cratons as inferred from tomographic studies, Geology, 23, 205-208, 1995.
    • (1995) Geology , vol.23 , pp. 205-208
    • Polet, J.1    Anderson, D.L.2
  • 64
    • 0031422064 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seismic-refraction studies of the Afro-Arabian rift system-A brief review
    • Prodehl, C., K. Fuchs, and J. Mechie, Seismic-refraction studies of the Afro-Arabian rift system-A brief review, Tectonophysics, 278, 1-13, 1997.
    • (1997) Tectonophysics , vol.278 , pp. 1-13
    • Prodehl, C.1    Fuchs, K.2    Mechie, J.3
  • 65
    • 84879883348 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New seismic model of the upper mantle beneath Africa
    • Ritsema, J., and H. van Heijst, New seismic model of the upper mantle beneath Africa, Geology, 28, 63-66, 2000.
    • (2000) Geology , vol.28 , pp. 63-66
    • Ritsema, J.1    van Heijst, H.2
  • 66
    • 0032505275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Upper mantle seismic velocity structure beneath Tanzania, East Africa: Implications for the stability of cratonic lithosphere
    • Ritsema, J., A. A. Nyblade, T. J. Owens, C. A. Langston, and J. C. VanDecar, Upper mantle seismic velocity structure beneath Tanzania, East Africa: Implications for the stability of cratonic lithosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 21,201-21,213, 1998.
    • (1998) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.103 , pp. 21201-21213
    • Ritsema, J.1    Nyblade, A.A.2    Owens, T.J.3    Langston, C.A.4    VanDecar, J.C.5
  • 67
    • 0345072527 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complex shear wave velocity structure imaged beneath Africa and Iceland
    • Ritsema, J., H. van Heijst, and J. H. Woodhouse, Complex shear wave velocity structure imaged beneath Africa and Iceland, Science, 286, 1925-1928, 1999.
    • (1999) Science , vol.286 , pp. 1925-1928
    • Ritsema, J.1    van Heijst, H.2    Woodhouse, J.H.3
  • 68
    • 0032522065 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thermal structure, thickness and composition of continental lithosphere
    • Rudnick, R. L., W. F. McDonough, and R. J. O'Connel, Thermal structure, thickness and composition of continental lithosphere. Chem. Geol., 145, 395-411, 1998.
    • (1998) Chem. Geol. , vol.145 , pp. 395-411
    • Rudnick, R.L.1    McDonough, W.F.2    O'Connel, R.J.3
  • 69
  • 70
    • 0002485424 scopus 로고
    • DISPER80: A subroutine package for the calculation of seismic normal-mode solutions
    • edited by D. J. Doombos Academic, San Diego, Calif
    • Saito, M., DISPER80: A subroutine package for the calculation of seismic normal-mode solutions, in Seismological Algorithms: Computational Methods and Computer Programs, edited by D. J. Doombos, pp. 293-319, Academic, San Diego, Calif., 1988.
    • (1988) Seismological Algorithms: Computational Methods and Computer Programs , pp. 293-319
    • Saito, M.1
  • 71
    • 0037088830 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Upper mantle structure of the Kaapvaal craton from surface wave analysis-A second look
    • doi:10.1029/2001GL013702
    • Saltzer, R. L., Upper mantle structure of the Kaapvaal craton from surface wave analysis-A second look, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29(6), 1093, doi:10.1029/2001GL013702, 2002.
    • (2002) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.29 , Issue.6 , pp. 1093
    • Saltzer, R.L.1
  • 72
    • 0033398197 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stability and dynamics of the continental tectosphere
    • Shapiro, S. S., B. H. Hager, and T. H. Jordan, Stability and dynamics of the continental tectosphere, Lithos, 48, 115-133, 1999.
    • (1999) Lithos , vol.48 , pp. 115-133
    • Shapiro, S.S.1    Hager, B.H.2    Jordan, T.H.3
  • 73
    • 0033378615 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The deep structure of the Australian continent from surface wave tomography
    • Simons, F. J., A. Zielhuis, and R. D. van der Hilst, The deep structure of the Australian continent from surface wave tomography, Lithos, 48, 17-43, 1999.
    • (1999) Lithos , vol.48 , pp. 17-43
    • Simons, F.J.1    Zielhuis, A.2    van der Hilst, R.D.3
  • 74
    • 0031404588 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An integrated analysis of lithospheric structure across the East African plateau based on gravity anomalies and recent seismic studies
    • Simiyu, S. M., and G. R. Keller, An integrated analysis of lithospheric structure across the East African plateau based on gravity anomalies and recent seismic studies, Tectonophysics, 278, 291-313, 1997.
    • (1997) Tectonophysics , vol.278 , pp. 291-313
    • Simiyu, S.M.1    Keller, G.R.2
  • 75
    • 0036999982 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deflection of mantle plume material by cratonic keels
    • edited by C. M. R. Fowler, C. J. Ebinger, and C. J. Hawkesworth, Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ
    • Sleep, N. H., C. J. Ebinger, J. M. Kendall, Deflection of mantle plume material by cratonic keels, in The Early Earth: Physical Chemical and Biological Development, edited by C. M. R. Fowler, C. J. Ebinger, and C. J. Hawkesworth, Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ., 199, 135-150, 2002.
    • (2002) The Early Earth: Physical Chemical and Biological Development , vol.199 , pp. 135-150
    • Sleep, N.H.1    Ebinger, C.J.2    Kendall, J.M.3
  • 76
    • 0001426964 scopus 로고
    • The azimuthal dependence of Love and Rayleigh wave propagation in a slightly anisotropic medium
    • Smith, M. L., and F. A. Dahlen, The azimuthal dependence of Love and Rayleigh wave propagation in a slightly anisotropic medium, J. Geophys. Res., 78, 3321-3333, 1973.
    • (1973) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.78 , pp. 3321-3333
    • Smith, M.L.1    Dahlen, F.A.2
  • 77
    • 0034970671 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of small-scale heterogeneity on the arrival time of waves
    • Spetzler, J., and R. Snieder, The effect of small-scale heterogeneity on the arrival time of waves, Geophys. J. Int., 145, 786-796, 2001.
    • (2001) Geophys. J. Int. , vol.145 , pp. 786-796
    • Spetzler, J.1    Snieder, R.2
  • 78
    • 0019999145 scopus 로고
    • Generalized non-linear problems solved using the least-squares criterion
    • Tarantola, A., and B. Valette, Generalized non-linear problems solved using the least-squares criterion, Rev. Geophys., 20, 219-232, 1982.
    • (1982) Rev. Geophys. , vol.20 , pp. 219-232
    • Tarantola, A.1    Valette, B.2
  • 79
    • 0031404590 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rift localization in suture-thickened crust: Evidence from Bouguer gravity anomalies in northeastern Tanzanian, East Africa, structure and dynamic processes in the lithosphere of the Afro-Arabian Rift system
    • Tesha, A. L., A. A. Nyblade, G. R. Keller, and D. I. Doser, Rift localization in suture-thickened crust: Evidence from Bouguer gravity anomalies in northeastern Tanzanian, East Africa, structure and dynamic processes in the lithosphere of the Afro-Arabian Rift system. Tectonophysics, 278, 315-328, 1997.
    • (1997) Tectonophysics , vol.278 , pp. 315-328
    • Tesha, A.L.1    Nyblade, A.A.2    Keller, G.R.3    Doser, D.I.4
  • 80
    • 0031421388 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling surface waves in anisotropic structures I. Theory
    • Thomson, C. J., Modeling surface waves in anisotropic structures I. Theory, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 103, 195-206, 1997.
    • (1997) Phys. Earth Planet. Inter. , vol.103 , pp. 195-206
    • Thomson, C.J.1
  • 81
    • 0034352622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seismic reflectivity and magmatic underplating beneath the Kenya Rift
    • Thybo, H., P. K. H. Maguire, C. Birt, and E. Perchuc, Seismic reflectivity and magmatic underplating beneath the Kenya Rift, Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 2745-2748, 2000.
    • (2000) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.27 , pp. 2745-2748
    • Thybo, H.1    Maguire, P.K.H.2    Birt, C.3    Perchuc, E.4
  • 82
    • 0037107924 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-resolution estimates of lithospheric thickness from Missouri to Massachusetts, USA
    • van der Lee, S., High-resolution estimates of lithospheric thickness from Missouri to Massachusetts, USA, Earth Planet, Sci. Lett., 203, 15-23, 2002.
    • (2002) Earth Planet, Sci. Lett. , vol.203 , pp. 15-23
    • van der Lee, S.1
  • 83
    • 0034866545 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thermo-tectonic destruction of the Archaean lithospheric keel beneath the Sino-Korean craton in China: Evidence, timing and mechanism
    • Xu, Y. G., Thermo-tectonic destruction of the Archaean lithospheric keel beneath the Sino-Korean craton in China: evidence, timing and mechanism, Phys. Chem. Earth, 26, 747-757, 2001.
    • (2001) Phys. Chem. Earth , vol.26 , pp. 747-757
    • Xu, Y.G.1
  • 84
    • 0027803640 scopus 로고
    • High-resolution global upper mantle structure and plate tectonics
    • Zhang, Y. S., and T. Tanimoto, High-resolution global upper mantle structure and plate tectonics, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 9793-9823, 1993.
    • (1993) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.98 , pp. 9793-9823
    • Zhang, Y.S.1    Tanimoto, T.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.