Deep crustal earthquakes and active faults along the Rukwa trough, eastern Africa

Geophysical Journal International

Volumn 124, Issue 2, 1996, Pages 612-630

  Camelbeeck, T ^a   Iranga, M D ^b  

^a ROYAL OBSERVATORY OF BELGIUM   (Belgium)

^b UNIVERSITY OF DAR ES SALAAM   (Tanzania)

Author keywords

East African Rift System; Focal depth; Rheology

Indexed keywords

CRUSTAL THICKNESS; EARTHQUAKE; FAULT; FOCAL DEPTH; RHEOLOGY;

AFRICA, EAST AFRICAN RIFT; AFRICA, RUKWA TROUGH;

EID: 0029729833     PISSN: 0956540X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-246X.1996.tb07040.x     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. Ambraseys, N.N. & Adams, R., 1991. Reappraisal of major African earthquakes, South of 20°N, 1900-1930, Natural Hazards, 4, 389-419.
2. Camelbeeck, T., 1985. Some notes concerning the seismicity in Belgium - Magnitude Scale - Detection capability of the Belgian seismological stations, in Seismic Activity in Western Europe, pp. 99-108, ed. Melchior, P., Reidel, Dordrecht.
3. Camelbeeck, T., 1992. Seismic activity in Southern Rukwa with the data from Panda Hill station (September-November 1991), UNESCO, Geology for Economic Development, Newsletter, 9, 183-194.
4. Chapola, L.S., 1991. Seismicity and source mechanisms of the Malawi rift and adjacent areas, from 1900 to 1990, Proc. Int. Inst. Seismology and Earthq. Eng. 27, 49-65.
5. Chen, W.P. & Molnar, P., 1983. Focal depths of intracontinental and intraplate earthquakes and their implications for the thermal and mechanical properties of the lithosphere, J. geophys. Res., 88, 4183-4214.
6. Chorowicz, J., 1983. Le rift est-africain: début de l'ouverture d'un océan? Bull. Cent. Rech. Explor. Prod. Elf-Aquitaine, 7, 155-162.
7. Deichmann, N., 1987. Focal depths of earthquakes in northern Switzerland, Ann. Geophys., 5, 395-402.
8. Delvaux, D.F. & Hanon, M., 1993. Neotectonics of the Mbeya area, SW Tanzania, Mus. roy. Afr. centr. (Belg.), Dépt. Géol. Min., Rapp. ann. 1991-1992, 87-97.
9. Doser, D.I. & Yarwood, D., 1991. Strike-slip faulting in continental rifts: examples from Sabukia, East Africa (1928), and other regions, Tectonophysics, 197, 213-224.
10. Ebinger, C.J., Deino, A.L., Drake, R.E. & Tesha, A.L., 1989. Chronology of volcanism and rift basin propagation: Rungwe volcanic province, East Africa, J. geophys. Res., 94, 15 785-15 803.
11. Ebinger, C.J., Karner, G.D. & Weissel, J.K., 1991. Mechanical strength of extended continental lithosphere: constrains from the Western rift system, East Africa, Tectonics, 10, 1239-1256.
12. Fadaie, K. & Ranalli, G., 1990. Rheology of the lithosphere in the East African Rift System, Geophys. J. Int., 102, 445-454.
13. Fairhead, J.D. & Girdler, R.W., 1971. The seismicity of Africa, Geophys. J. R. astr. Soc, 24, 271-301.
14. Hamilton, R.M., Smith, B.E. & Knapp, F. 1973. Earthquakes in geothermal areas near Lakes Naivasha and Hannington, Kenya, UN Report, con. 90/91.
15. Iranga, M.D., 1992. Seismicity of Tanzania: distribution in time, space, magnitude and strain release, Tectonophysics, 209, 313-320.
16. Jackson, J.A., 1987. Active normal faulting and crustal extension, in Continental Extensional Tectonics, Geol.Soc.Lond.Spec.Publ., vol 28, pp. 3-17, eds Coward, M.P., Dewey, J.F. & Hancock, P.L., Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford.
17. Jackson, J. & Blenkinsop, T., 1993. The Malawi earthquake of 10 March 1989: deep faulting within the East African rift system, Tectonics, 12, 1131-1139.
18. Kilembe, E.A. & Rosendahl, B.R., 1992. Structure and Stratigraphy of the Rukwa rift, Tectonophysics, 209, 143-158.
19. KRISP Working Party, 1991. Large-scale variation in lithospheric structure along and across Kenya rift, Nature, 354, 223-227.
20. Lee, W.H.K. & Lahr, J.C., 1975. 'HYPO 71" A computer program for determining hypocentral location, magnitude and first motion pattern of local earthquakes, US geol Surv., Open file rept, 114, 75-363.
21. Marobhe, I., 1989. Interpretation of aerogeophysical anomalies of Southwestern Tanzania. Geol. Surv. Finland, bulletin 350.
22. Mbede, E., 1993. Tectonic development of the Rukwa Rift basin in SW Tanzania, PhD thesis. Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
23. Molnar, P. & Aggarwal, V.P., 1971. A microearthquake survey in Kenya, Bull. seism. Soc. Am., 61, 195-201.
24. Morley, C.K., 1989. Extension, detachments and sedimentation in continental rifts (with particular reference to East Africa), Tectonics, 8, 1175-1192.
25. Morley, C.K., Cunningham, S.M., Harper, R.M. & Wescott, W.A., 1992. Geology and geophysics of the Rukwa rift, East Africa, Tectonics, 11, 69-81.
26. Nicholson, C. & Simpson, D.W., 1985. Changes in Vp/Vs with depth: Implications for appropriate velocity models, improved earthquake locations, and material properties of the upper crust, Bull. seism. Soc. Am, 75, 1105-1123.
27. Nyblade, A.A. & Langston, C.A., 1995. East African earthquakes below 20 km depth and their implications for crustal structure, Geophys. J. Int., 121, 49-62.
28. Peirce, J.W. & Lipkov, L., 1988. Structural interpretation of the Rukwa Rift, Tanzania, Geophysics, 53, 824-836.
29. Pointing, A.J., Maguire, P.K.H., Khan, M.A., Francis, D.J., Swain, C.J., Shah, E.R. & Griffiths, D.H., 1985. Seismicity of the northern part of the Kenya Rift Valley, J. Geodyn, 3, 23-37.
30. Shudofsky, G.N., 1985. Source mechanisms and focal depths of East African earthquakes using Rayleigh-wave inversion and body-wave modelling, Geophys. J. R. astr. Soc, 83, 563-614.
31. Shudofsky, G.N., Cloetingh, S., Stein, S. & Wortel, R., 1987. Unusually deep earthquakes in East Africa: constrains on the thermomechanical structure of a continental rift system, Geophys. Res. Lett., 14, 741-744.
32. Strecker, M.R., Blisniuk, P.M. & Eisbacher, G.H., 1990. Rotation of extension direction in the Central Kenya Rift, Geology, 18, 299-302.
33. Tiercelin, J.J., Chorowicz, J., Bellon, H., Rickert, J.P., Mwanbene, J.T. & Walgenwitz, F., 1988. East African Rift System: offset, age and tectonic significance of the Tanganyika-Rukwa-Malawi intracontinental transcurrent fault zone, Tectonophysics, 148, 241-252.
34. Wagner, G.S. & Langston, C.A., 1988. East African body wave inversion with implications for continental structure and deformation, Geophys. J., 94, 503-518.
35. Wohlenberg, J., 1969. Remarks on the seismicity of East Africa between 4°N-12°S and 23°E-40°E, Tectonophysics, 8, 567-577.
36. Young, P.A.V., Maguire, P.K.H., d'A. Laffoley, N. & Evans, J.R., 1991. Implications of the distribution of seismicity near Lake Bogoria in the Kenya Rift, Geophys. J. Int., 105, 665-674.