The Mitochondriotropic Effects of L-carnitine and its Esters in the Central Nervous System

Current Medicinal Chemistry - Central Nervous System Agents

Volumn 3, Issue 4, 2003, Pages 275-282

  Binienda, Zbigniew ^a   Virmani, Ashraf ^b  

^a NATIONAL CENTER FOR TOXICOLOGICAL RESEARCH   (United States)

^b Scientific Affairs   (Italy)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

3 NITROPROPIONIC ACID; CARNITINE; LEVACECARNINE; METHAMPHETAMINE; TRICARBOXYLIC ACID;

ALZHEIMER DISEASE; BRAIN MITOCHONDRION; CELL MEMBRANE STEADY POTENTIAL; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM; ELECTRON TRANSPORT; ENERGY YIELD; FATTY ACID OXIDATION; HUMAN; HUNTINGTON CHOREA; MITOCHONDRIAL RESPIRATION; MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS; NEUROPROTECTION; NONHUMAN; PARKINSON DISEASE; REVIEW; STEREOISOMERISM;

EID: 0345257085     PISSN: 15680150     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2174/1568015033477659     Document Type: Review

References (90)

1. Wallace, D.C. Science, 1999, 283, 1482.
2. Cortopassi, G.A. and Wong, A. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. (BBA)-Bioenergetics, 1999, 1410, 183.
3. Wallace, D.C. Novartis Found. Symp., 2001, 235, 247.
4. Beal, M.F. Ann. Neurol., 1992, 31, 119.
5. Shigenaga, M.K.; Hagen, T.M. and Ames, B.N. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 1994, 91, 10771.
6. Spencer, P.S.; Allen, C.N.; Kisby, G.E. and Ludolph, A.C. Neurobiol. Aging, 1994, 15, 265.
7. Calabrese, V.; Scapagnini, G.; Catalano, D.; Dinotta, F.; Bates, T.E.; Calvani, M. and Giuffrida-Stella, A.M. Neurochem. Res., 2001, 26, 167.
8. Li, B.; Lloyd, M.L.; Gudjonsson, H.; Shug, A.L. and Olsen, W.A. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 1992, 55, 838.
9. Bohmer, T. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1974, 343, 551.
10. Hoppel, C.L. and Davis, A.T. Biochem. Soc. Trans., 1986, 14, 673.
11. Shug, A.L.; Schmidt, M.J.; Golden, G.T. and Fariello, R.T. Life Sci., 1982, 31, 2869.
12. Bach, A. Reprod. Nutr. Develop., 1982, 22, 583.
13. Marzo, A.; Arrigoni-Martelli, E.; Urso, R.; Rocchetti, M.; Rizza, V. and Kelly, J.G. Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 1989, 37, 59.
14. Infante, J.P.; Tschanz, C.L.; Shaw, N.; Michaud, A.L.; Lawrence, P. and Brenna, J.T. Mol. Genet. Metab., 2002, 75, 108.
15. Janiri, L.; Tempesta, E. Int. J. Clin. Pharm. Res., 1983, 111, 295.
16. Igisu, H.; Matsouka, M.; Iryo, Y. Sangyo Eiseigaku Zasshi, 1995, 37, 75.
17. Nalecz, K.A. and Nalecz, M.J. Acta Neurobiol. Exp., 1996, 56, 597.
18. Pettegrew, J.W.; Levine, J. and McClure, R.J. Mol. Psychiat., 2000, 5,616.
19. Mroczkowska, J.E.; Galla, H-J.; Nalecz, M.J. and Nalecz, K.A. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 1997, 241, 127.
20. Mroczkowska, J.E.; Roux, F.S.; Nalecz, M.J. and Nalecz, K.A. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 2000, 267, 433.
21. Kido, Y; Tamai, J.; Ohnari, A.; Sai, Y.; Kagami, T.; Nezu, J.-I.; Nikaido, H.; Hashimoto, N.; Asano, M. and Tsuji, A. J. Neurochem., 2001, 79, 959.
22. Kawamura, N. Archiv. Biochem. Biophys., 1988, 264, 546.
23. Ando, S.; Tadenuma, T.; Tanaka, Y.; Fukui, F.; Kobayashi, S.; Ohashi, Y. and Kawabata, T. J. Neurosci. Res., 2001, 66, 266.
24. Van Wouwe, J.P. Int. J. Nutr. Res., 1995, 65, 211.
25. Hosein, E.A.; Booth, S.J.; Gasoi, I.; Kato, G. J. Pharm. Expl. Therap., 1967, 156, 565.
26. Onofrj, M.; Bodis-Wollner, I.; Calvani, M. Drugs Exp. Clin. Res., 1987, 13, 5.
27. White, H.L. and Scates, P.W. Neurochem. Res., 1990, 15, 597.
28. Valoti, M.; Benocci, A.; Marazova, K. and Mantovani, P. Pharmacol. Res., 1996, 34, 219.
29. Calvani, M. and Arrigoni-Mrtelli, E. Int. J. Tissue React., 1999, XXI, 1.
30. Rani, P.J. and Panneerselvam, C. J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci., Med. 2001, 56, 140.
31. Calabrese, V. and Rizza, V. Neurochem. Res., 1999, 24, 79.
32. Aureli, T.; Miccheli, A.; Ricciolini, R., Di Cocco, M.E.; Ramacci, M.T.; Angelucci, L.; Ghirardi, O. and Conti, F. Brain Res., 1990, 526, 108.
33. Aureli, T.; Miccheli, A.; Di Cocco, M.E.; Ghirardi, O.; Giuliani, A.; Ramacci, M.T. and Conti, F. Brain Res., 1994, 643, 92.
34. Aureli, T.; Di Cocco, M.E.; Puccetti, C.; Ricciolini, R.; Scalibastri, M.; Misscheli, A.; Manetti, C. and Conti, F. Brain Res., 1998, 796, 75.
35. Liu, J.; Killilea, D.W. and Ames, B.N. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2002, 99, 1876.
36. Parnetti, L.; Gaiti, A.; Mecocci, P.; Cadini, D. and Senin, U. Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 1992, 42, 89.
37. Rai, G.; Wright, G.; Scott, L.; Beston, B.; Rest, J.; Exton-Smith, A.N. Curr. Med. Res. Opin., 1990, 11, 638.
38. Pettegrew, J.W.; Klunk, W.E.; Panchalingam, K; Kanfer, J.N.; McClure, R.J. Neurobiol. Aging, 1995, 16, 1.
39. rd; Yesavage, J.A.; Carta, A. and Bravi, D. Int. Psychogeriatr., 1998, 10, 193.
40. Scarpini, E.; Sacilotto, G.; Baron, P.; Cusini, M. and Scarlato, G. J. Peripher. Nerv. Syst., 1997, 2, 250.
41. Dhitavat, S.; Ortiz, D.; Shea, T.B. and Rivera, E.R. Neurochem. Res., 2002, 27, 501.
42. Thal, L.J.; Carta, A.; Clarke, W.R.; Ferris, S.H.; Friedland, R.P.; Petersen, R.C.; Pettegrew, J.W.; Pfeiffer, E.; Raskind, M.A.; Sano, M.; Tuszynski, M.H. and Woolson, R.F. Neurol., 1996, 47, 705.
43. Gorini, A.; D'Angelo, A. and Villa, R.F. Neurochem. Res., 1998, 23, 1485.
44. Villa, R.F. and Gorini, A. Neurochem. Res., 1991, 16, 1125.
45. Bernardi, P.; Broekemeier, K.M. and Pfeiffer, D.R. J. Bioenerg. Biomembr., 1994, 26, 509.
46. Saris, N.-E. and Eriksson, K.O. Acta Anaesthsiol. Scand., 1995, 39 (Suppl. 107), 171.
47. Starkov, A.A.; Markova, O.V.; Mokhova, E.N.; Arrigoni-Martelli, E. and Bobyleva, V.A. Mol. Biol. Int., 1994, 32, 1147.
48. Furuno, T.; Kanno, T.; Arita, K.; Asami, M.; Utsumi, T.; Doi, Y.; Inoue, M. and Utsumi, K. Bioch. Pharmacol., 2001, 62, 1037.
49. Kashiwagi, A., Kanno, T.; Arita, K.; Ishisaka, R.; Utsumi, T. and Utsumi, K. Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 2001, 130, 411.
50. Motomba, M.C.; Yuan, H.; Konyavko, M.; Adachi, S.; Yokoyama, C.B.; Esser, V.; McGarry, J.D.; Babior, B.M. and Gottlieb, R.A. FEBS Lett., 2000, 478, 19.
51. Bodis-Wollner, I.; Chung, E.; Ghilardi, M.F.; Glover, A.; Onofrj, M.; Pasik, P.; Samson, Y. J. Neural. Transm. Parkin. Dis. Dement. Sect., 1991, 3, 63.
52. Harik, S.I. and Hritz, M.A. Biochem. Pharmacol., 1993, 45, 2170.
53. Ido, Y.; McHowat, J.; Chang, K.C.; Arrigoni-Martelli, E.; Orfalian, Z.; Kilo, C.; Corr, P.B. and Williamson, J.R. Diabetes, 1994, 43, 1469.
54. Steffen, V.; Santiago, M.; de la Cruz, C.P.; Revilla, E.; Machado, A. and Cano, J. Hum. Exp. Toxicol., 1995, 14, 865.
55. Santarelli, M.; Granato, A.; Sbriccoli, A.; Gobbi, G.; Janiri, L. and Minciacchi, D. Brain Res., 1995, 698, 241.
56. Virmani, M.A.; Biselli, R.; Spadoni, A.; Rossi, S.; Corsico, N.; Calvani, M.; Fattorossi, A.; De Simone, C. and Arrigoni-Martelli, E. Pharmacol. Res., 1995, 32, 383.
57. Virmani, A.; Gaetani, F.; Imam, S.; Binienda, Z.; and Ali, S.F. Ann. NY Acad. Sci., 2002, 965, 225.
58. Soneru, I.L.; Khan, T.; Orfalian, Z. and Abraira, C. Endocrinol. Res., 1997, 23, 27.
59. Famularo, G.; Moretti, S.; Mercellini, S.; Trinchieri, V.; Tzantzoglou, S.; Santini, G.; Longo, A. and De Simone, C. AIDS, 1997, 11, 185.
60. Dell'Anna, E.; Iuvone, L.; Calzolari, S. and Geloso, M.C. Neurosci. Lett., 1997, 223, 201.
61. Sbricoli, A.; Carretta, D.; Santarelli, M.; Granato, A. and Minciacchi, D. Brain Res. Brain Res. Protoc., 1999, 3, 264.
62. Manfridi, A.; Forloni, G.L.; Arrigoni-Martelli, E. and Mancia, M. Int. J. Devel. Neurosci., 1992, 10, 321.
63. Fernandez, E.; Pallini, R.; Lauretti, L.; La Marca, F.; Scogna, A. and Rossi, G.F. Arch. Ital. Biol., 1997, 135, 343.
64. De Angelis, C.; Scarfo, C.; Falcinelli, M.; Perna, E.; Reda, E.; Ramacci, M.T. and Angelucci, L. Exp. Neurol., 1994, 128, 103.
65. Sima, A.A.; Ristic, H.; Merry, A.; Kamijo, M.; Lattimer, S.A.; Stevens, M.J. and Greene, D.A. J. Clin. Invest., 1996, 97, 1900.
66. De Simone, R.; Aloe, L.; Ferraris, L.; Ramacci, M.T. Int. J. Clin. Pharmacol. Res., 1992, 12, 281.
67. Virmani, M.A.; Casso, V.; Spadoni, A.; Russo, F.; Rossi, S. and Gaetani, F. Ann. NY Acad. Sci., 2001, 939, 225.
68. Forloni, G.; Angeretti, N. and Smiroldo, S. J. Neurosci. Res., 1994, 37, 92.
69. Scorziello, A.; Meucci, O. and Calvani, M. Neurochem. Res., 1997, 22, 257.
70. Hoehner, P.J.; Blanck, T.J.J.; Rosental, R.E. and Fiscum, G. Am. Soc. Anesth., Abstracts, 1992.
71. Wood, S.J.; MacKenzie, L.; Maleeff, B.; Hurle, M.R. and Wetzel, R. J. Biol. Chem., 1996, 271, 4086.
72. Lowitt, S.; Malone, J.I.; Salem, A.; Kozak, W.M. and Orfalian, Z. Diabetes, 1993, 42, 1115.
73. Perry, D.C.; Wei, H.; Rosenthal, R.E. and Fiskum, G. Brain Res., 1994, 657, 65.
74. Fiore, L. and Rampello, L. Acta Neurol. (Napoli), 1989, 11, 346.
75. Amenta, D.; De Michele, M.; Ricci, A.; Amenta, F.; Ghirardi, O.; Ramacci, M.T. Report No.: ST4-89/A 1989.
76. Sershen, H.; Harsing, L.G.; Banay-Schwartz, M.; Hashim, A.; Ramacci, M.T. and Lajtha, A. J. Neurosci. Res., 1991, 30, 555.
77. Florio, T.; Meucci, O.; Grimaldi, M.; Ventra, C.; Cocozza, E.; Avallone, A.; Postiglione, A.; Marino, A. and Schetti, G. Eur. J. Neuropsychopharmacol., 1993, 3, 95.
78. Pastorino, J.G.; Snyder, J.W. and Serroni, A. J. Biol. Chem. 1993, 268, 13791.
79. Fritz, I.B. and Arrigoni-Martelli, E. Trends Pharmacol. Sci., 1993, 14, 355.
80. Virmani, M.A.; Rossi, S.; Conti, R.; Spadoni, A.; Arrigoni-Martelli, E. and Calvani, M. Pharmacol. Res., 1996, 33, 19.
81. Arienti, G.; Ramacci, M.T.; Maccari, F.; Casu, A.; Corazzi, L. Neurochem. Res., 1992, 17, 671.
82. Chauhan, A.; Ray, I. and Chauhan, V.P. Neurochem. Res., 2000, 25, 423.
83. Vargas, J.; Alarcon, J.M. and Rojas, E. Biophys. J., 2000, 79, 934.
84. Ghyczy, M. and Boros, M. Br. J. Nutr., 2001, 85, 409.
85. Kim, C.S., Roe, C.R. and Ambrose, W.W. Brain Res., 1990, 536, 335.
86. Binienda, Z, and Ali, S.F. Tox. Lett., 2001, 125, 67.
87. Brouillet, E.; Guyot, M.-C.; Mittoux, V.; Altairac, S.; Condé, F. ; Palfi, S. and Hantraye, P. J. Neurochem., 1998, 70, 794.
88. Binienda, Z.; Simmons, C.; Hussain, S.; Slikker, W., Jr. and Ali, S.F. Neurosci. Lett., 1998, 251, 173.
89. Nony, P.A.; Scallet, A.C.; Rountree, R.L.; Ye, X. and Binienda, Z. Metab. Brain Dis., 1999, 14, 83.
90. Binienda, Z.K.; Summage, J.L.; Skinner, R.D.; Rountree, R.L. and Slikker, W., Jr. Tox. Sci., 2002, 66, 250.