Variability of equatorial mesospheric echoes

Advances in Space Research

Volumn 32, Issue 5, 2003, Pages 747-752

  Lehmacher, G A ^a   Kudeki, E ^b  

^a CLEMSON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC ACOUSTICS; CARRIER CONCENTRATION; EARTH ATMOSPHERE; SIGNAL TO NOISE RATIO; SOLAR RADIATION;

SOLAR ACTIVITIES;

SPACE RESEARCH;

ELECTRON DENSITY; MESOSPHERE; RADAR;

EID: 0242666267     PISSN: 02731177     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0273-1177(03)00410-1     Document Type: Article

References (20)

1. Andrews, D. G., J. R. Holton, and C. B. Leovy, Middle Atmosphere Dynamics, Academic Press, Orlando, 1987.
2. Flock, W. L., and B. B. Balsley, VHF radar returns from the D region of the equatorial ionosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 72, 5537-5541, 1967.
3. Fritts, D. C., and P. B. Rastogi, Convective and dynamical instabilities due to gravity wave motions in the lower and middle atmosphere: Theory and observations, Radio. Sci., 20, 1247-1277, 1985.
4. Fritts, D. C., L. Yuan, M. H. Hitchman, et al., Dynamics of the equatorial mesosphere observed using the Jicamarca MST radar during June and August 1987, J. Atmos. Sci., 49, 2353-2371, 1992.
5. Fritts, D. C., J. F. Garten, D. M. Riggin, et al., Equatorial dynamics observed by rocket, radar, and satellite during the CADRE/MALTED campaign - 2. Mean and wave structures, coherence and variability, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 26191-26216, 1997.
6. Fukao, S., T. Sato, S. Kato, et al., Radio wave scattering from the tropical mesosphere observed with the Jicamarca radar, J. Geophys. Res., 84, 4379-4386, 1979.
7. Garcia, R. R., T. J. Dunkerton, R. S. Liebermann, et al., Climatology of the semiannual oscillation of the tropical middle atmosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 26019-26032, 1997.
8. Gossard, E. E., and W. H. Hooke, Waves in the Atmosphere, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1975.
9. Hitchman, M. H., K. W. Bywaters, D. C. Fritts, et al., Mean winds and momentum fluxes over Jicamarca, Peru, during June and August 1987, J. Atmos. Sci., 49, 2372-2382, 1992.
10. Hitchman, M. H., E. Kudeki, D. C. Fritts, et al., Mean winds in the tropical stratosphere and mesosphere during January 1993, March 1994, and August 1994, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 26033-26052, 1997.
11. Hocking, W. K., and J. Roettger, The structure of turbulence in the middle and lower atmosphere seen by and deduced from MF, HF, and VHF radar, with special emphasis on small-scale features and anisotropy, Annal. Geophys., 19, 933-944, 2001.
12. Kudeki E., Radar interferometer observations of mesospberic echoing layers at Jicamarca, J. Geophys. Res., 93, 5413-5421, 1988.
13. Meriwether, J. M., and C. S. Gardner, A review of the mesosphere inversion layer phenomenon, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 12,405-12,416, 2000.
14. Rastogi, P. K., and S. A. Bowhill, Scattering of radio waves from the mesosphere - 1. Theory and observations, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 38, 399-411, 1976.
15. Rastogi, P. K., J. D. Matthews, W.-P. Ying, et al., Simultaneous VHF and UHF radar observations of the mesosphere at Arecibo during a solar flare: a check on the gradient-mixing hypothesis, Radio Sci., 23, 97-105, 1988.
16. Ratnasiri, P. A. J., D region processes at equatorial latitudes, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 39, 999-1009, 1977.
17. Riggin, D. M., D. C. Fritts, C. D. Fawcett, et al., Radar observations of gravity waves over Jicamarca, Peru during the CADRE campaign, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 26263-26281, 1997.
18. Riggin, D. M., E. Kudeki, Z. Feng, et al., Jicamarca radar observations of the diurnal and semidiurnal tide in the troposphere and lower stratosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 107, 10.1029/2001JD001216, 2002.
19. Royrvik, O., VHF radar signals scattered form the equatorial mesosphere, Radio. Sci., 18, 1325-1335, 1983.
20. Woodman, R. F. and A. Guillen, Radar observations of winds and turbulence in the stratosphere and mesosphere, J. Atmos. Sci., 31, 493-505, 1974.