메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 19, Issue 8, 2001, Pages 933-944

The structure of turbulence in the middle and lower atmosphere seen by and deduced from MF, HF and VHF radar, with special emphasis on small-scale features and anisotropy

Author keywords

Atmospheric composition and structure (instruments and techniques); History of geophysics (atmospheric sciences); Meteorology and atmospheric dynamics (turbulence)

Indexed keywords


EID: 0035617653     PISSN: 09927689     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5194/angeo-19-933-2001     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (19)

References (75)
  • 1
    • 77949957800 scopus 로고
    • Advances in Radar Meteorology
    • eds. Landsberg and Miegham, Academic Press
    • Atlas, D., Advances in Radar Meteorology, in Adv. Geophys.,10, eds. Landsberg and Miegham, Academic Press, 317-478, 1964.
    • (1964) Adv. Geophys. , vol.10 , pp. 317-478
    • Atlas, D.1
  • 4
    • 0002722373 scopus 로고
    • The general theory of turbulence. Turbulence in the atmosphere
    • ed. K. Rawer, North Holland Publ., Amsterdam
    • Bolgiano, R., The general theory of turbulence. Turbulence in the atmosphere, in Wind and Turbulence in Stratosphere, Mesosphere and Ionosphere, ed. K. Rawer, North Holland Publ., Amsterdam, 371-400, 1968.
    • (1968) Wind and Turbulence in Stratosphere, Mesosphere and Ionosphere , pp. 371-400
    • Bolgiano, R.1
  • 5
    • 38249008955 scopus 로고
    • Investigation of a fine layered wind field structure in the atratosphere by the artificial luminous cloud method
    • Bondarev, V. D., Lebedinets, V. N., Prorok, V. P., and Sarkisyan, A. M., Investigation of a fine layered wind field structure in the atratosphere by the artificial luminous cloud method, Adv. Space Res., 12(10), 161-163, 1992.
    • (1992) Adv. Space Res. , vol.12 , Issue.10 , pp. 161-163
    • Bondarev, V.D.1    Lebedinets, V.N.2    Prorok, V.P.3    Sarkisyan, A.M.4
  • 6
    • 0030110012 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implementation of frequency domain interferometry at the SOUSY VHF radar: First results
    • Chilson, P.B. and Schmidt, G., Implementation of frequency domain interferometry at the SOUSY VHF radar: first results, Radio Sci., 31, 263-272, 1996.
    • (1996) Radio Sci. , vol.31 , pp. 263-272
    • Chilson, P.B.1    Schmidt, G.2
  • 7
    • 0030183091 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-resolution stratospheric dynamics measurements with the NASA/JPL Goldstone solar system radar
    • Cho, J. Y. N., Jurgens, R. F., and Slade, M. A., High-resolution stratospheric dynamics measurements with the NASA/JPL Goldstone solar system radar, Geophys. Res. Letts., 23, 1909-1912, 1996.
    • (1996) Geophys. Res. Letts. , vol.23 , pp. 1909-1912
    • Cho, J.Y.N.1    Jurgens, R.F.2    Slade, M.A.3
  • 8
    • 0000957150 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An updated review of polar mesosphere summer echoes: Observation, theory, and their relationship to noctilucent clouds and subvisible aerosols
    • Cho, J. Y. N. and Röttger, J., An updated review of polar mesosphere summer echoes: Observation, theory, and their relationship to noctilucent clouds and subvisible aerosols, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 2001-2020, 1997.
    • (1997) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.102 , pp. 2001-2020
    • Cho, J.Y.N.1    Röttger, J.2
  • 9
    • 0000184778 scopus 로고
    • Variations of mesospheric structure in different seasons
    • Czechowsky, P., Ruester, R., and Schmidt, G., Variations of mesospheric structure in different seasons, Geophys. Res. Letts., 6, 459-462, 1979.
    • (1979) Geophys. Res. Letts. , vol.6 , pp. 459-462
    • Czechowsky, P.1    Ruester, R.2    Schmidt, G.3
  • 10
    • 0000278380 scopus 로고
    • Evidence and interpretation of a spectral gap in the turbulent atmospheric temperature spectra
    • Dalaudier F. and Sidi, C., Evidence and interpretation of a spectral gap in the turbulent atmospheric temperature spectra, J. Atmos, Sci., 44, 3121-3126, 1987.
    • (1987) J. Atmos, Sci. , vol.44 , pp. 3121-3126
    • Dalaudier, F.1    Sidi, C.2
  • 11
    • 0000903499 scopus 로고
    • Statistics of Richardson number and instability in oceanic internal waves
    • Desaubies, Y. and Smith, W. K., Statistics of Richardson number and instability in oceanic internal waves, J. Phys. Oceanography, 12, 1245-1259, 1982.
    • (1982) J. Phys. Oceanography , vol.12 , pp. 1245-1259
    • Desaubies, Y.1    Smith, W.K.2
  • 12
    • 0006605137 scopus 로고
    • Turbulent vertical transport due to thin intermittent mixing layers in the stratosphere and other stable fluids
    • Dewan, E. M., Turbulent vertical transport due to thin intermittent mixing layers in the stratosphere and other stable fluids, Science, 211, 1041-1042, 1981.
    • (1981) Science , vol.211 , pp. 1041-1042
    • Dewan, E.M.1
  • 13
    • 0021201770 scopus 로고
    • Reflection and scatter formula for anisotropically turbulent air
    • Doviak, R. J. and Zrnic, D. S., Reflection and scatter formula for anisotropically turbulent air, Radio Sci., 19, 325-336, 1984.
    • (1984) Radio Sci. , vol.19 , pp. 325-336
    • Doviak, R.J.1    Zrnic, D.S.2
  • 14
    • 0029185229 scopus 로고
    • A new frequency-modulated continuous wave radar for studying planetary boundary layer morphology
    • Eaton, F. D., McLaughlin, S. A., and Hines, J. R., A new frequency-modulated continuous wave radar for studying planetary boundary layer morphology, Radio Sci., 30, 75-88, 1995.
    • (1995) Radio Sci. , vol.30 , pp. 75-88
    • Eaton, F.D.1    McLaughlin, S.A.2    Hines, J.R.3
  • 15
    • 0026293390 scopus 로고
    • A stochastic model of gravity-wave-induced clear-air turbulence
    • Fairall, C. W., White, A. B., and Thomson, D. W., A stochastic model of gravity-wave-induced clear-air turbulence, J. Atmos. Sci., 48, 1771-1790, 1991.
    • (1991) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.48 , pp. 1771-1790
    • Fairall, C.W.1    White, A.B.2    Thomson, D.W.3
  • 16
    • 0028666202 scopus 로고
    • Gravity wave breaking in two and three dimensions, 2, Three dimensional evolution and instability structure
    • Fritts, D. C., Isler, J. R., and Andreassen, O., Gravity wave breaking in two and three dimensions, 2, Three dimensional evolution and instability structure, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 8109-8123, 1994.
    • (1994) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.99 , pp. 8109-8123
    • Fritts, D.C.1    Isler, J.R.2    Andreassen, O.3
  • 18
    • 0018039054 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for specular reflection from monostatic VHF radar observations of the stratosphere
    • Gage, K. S. and Green, J. L., Evidence for specular reflection from monostatic VHF radar observations of the stratosphere, Radio Sci., 13, 991-1001, 1978.
    • (1978) Radio Sci. , vol.13 , pp. 991-1001
    • Gage, K.S.1    Green, J.L.2
  • 19
    • 0001782071 scopus 로고
    • Radar observations of the free atmosphere: Structure and dynamics
    • edited by D. Atlas, Amer. Meteorol. Soc., Boston, Mass.
    • th Anniversary Radar Meteorology Conference, edited by D. Atlas, pp 534-565, Amer. Meteorol. Soc., Boston, Mass., 1990.
    • (1990) th Anniversary Radar Meteorology Conference , pp. 534-565
    • Gage, K.S.1
  • 20
    • 0034187393 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct numerical simulation of VHF radar measurements of turbulence in the mesosphere
    • Gibson-Wilde, D., Werne, J., Fritts, D., and Hill, R., Direct numerical simulation of VHF radar measurements of turbulence in the mesosphere, Radio Sci., 35, 783-798, 2000.
    • (2000) Radio Sci. , vol.35 , pp. 783-798
    • Gibson-Wilde, D.1    Werne, J.2    Fritts, D.3    Hill, R.4
  • 21
    • 0014794813 scopus 로고
    • Internal waves in the atmosphere from high-resolution radar measurements
    • Gossard, E. E., Richter, J. H., and Atlas, D., Internal waves in the atmosphere from high-resolution radar measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 75, 3523-3536, 1970.
    • (1970) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.75 , pp. 3523-3536
    • Gossard, E.E.1    Richter, J.H.2    Atlas, D.3
  • 23
    • 0026306498 scopus 로고
    • The saturation of gravity waves in the middle atmosphere. Part I: Critique of linear instability theory
    • Hines, C. O., The saturation of gravity waves in the middle atmosphere. Part I: Critique of linear instability theory, J. Atmos. Sci., 48, 1348-1359, 1991a.
    • (1991) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.48 , pp. 1348-1359
    • Hines, C.O.1
  • 24
    • 0026281845 scopus 로고
    • The saturation of gravity waves in the middle atmosphere. Part II: Development of Doppler-spread theory
    • Hines, C. O., The saturation of gravity waves in the middle atmosphere. Part II: Development of Doppler-spread theory, J. Atmos. Sci., 48, 1360-1379. 1991b.
    • (1991) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.48 , pp. 1360-1379
    • Hines, C.O.1
  • 25
    • 0026276947 scopus 로고
    • The saturation of gravity waves in the middle atmosphere. Part III: Formation of the Turbopause and the turbulence layers beneath it
    • Hines, C. O., The saturation of gravity waves in the middle atmosphere. Part III: Formation of the Turbopause and the turbulence layers beneath it, J. Atmos. Sci., 48, 1380-1385, 1991c.
    • (1991) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.48 , pp. 1380-1385
    • Hines, C.O.1
  • 26
    • 0001571339 scopus 로고
    • Angular and temporal characteristics of partial reflections from the D-region of the ionosphere
    • Hocking, W. K., Angular and temporal characteristics of partial reflections from the D-region of the ionosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 64, 845-851, 1979.
    • (1979) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.64 , pp. 845-851
    • Hocking, W.K.1
  • 27
    • 0020847030 scopus 로고
    • Pulse length dependence of radar signal strengths for Fresnel backscatter
    • Hocking, W. K. and Röttger, J., Pulse length dependence of radar signal strengths for Fresnel backscatter. Radio Sci., 18, 1312-1324, 1983.
    • (1983) Radio Sci. , vol.18 , pp. 1312-1324
    • Hocking, W.K.1    Röttger, J.2
  • 28
    • 0022161350 scopus 로고
    • Measurement of turbulent energy dissipation rates in the middle atmosphere by radar techniques: A review
    • Hocking, W. K., Measurement of turbulent energy dissipation rates in the middle atmosphere by radar techniques: a review, Radio Sci., 20, 1403-1422, 1985.
    • (1985) Radio Sci. , vol.20 , pp. 1403-1422
    • Hocking, W.K.1
  • 29
    • 0001821302 scopus 로고
    • Radar studies of small scale structure in the upper middle atmosphere and lower ionosphere
    • Hocking, W. K., Radar studies of small scale structure in the upper middle atmosphere and lower ionosphere. Adv. Space Res., 7(10), 327-338, 1987a.
    • (1987) Adv. Space Res. , vol.7 , Issue.10 , pp. 327-338
    • Hocking, W.K.1
  • 30
    • 38249033740 scopus 로고
    • Reduction of the effects of non-stationarity in studies of amplitude statistics of radio wave backscatter
    • Hocking, W. K., Reduction of the effects of non-stationarity in studies of amplitude statistics of radio wave backscatter, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 49, 1119-1131, 1987b.
    • (1987) J. Atmos. Terr. Phys. , vol.49 , pp. 1119-1131
    • Hocking, W.K.1
  • 31
    • 0000166738 scopus 로고
    • Aspect sensitivity of stratospheric VHF radiowave scatterers. particularly above 15km altitude
    • Hocking W. K., Fukao, S., Tsuda, T., Yamamoto, M., Sato, T., and Kato, S., Aspect sensitivity of stratospheric VHF radiowave scatterers. particularly above 15km altitude, Radio Sci., 25, 613-627, 1990.
    • (1990) Radio Sci. , vol.25 , pp. 613-627
    • Hocking, W.K.1    Fukao, S.2    Tsuda, T.3    Yamamoto, M.4    Sato, T.5    Kato, S.6
  • 32
    • 0026379459 scopus 로고
    • The effects of middle atmosphere turbulence on coupling between atmospheric regions
    • Hocking, W. K., The effects of middle atmosphere turbulence on coupling between atmospheric regions, J. Geomag. Geoelectr., 43, Suppl., 621-636, 1991.
    • (1991) J. Geomag. Geoelectr. , vol.43 , Issue.SUPPL. , pp. 621-636
    • Hocking, W.K.1
  • 33
    • 0026221499 scopus 로고
    • Viscosity waves and thermal-conduction waves as a cause of "specular" reflectors in radar studies of the atmosphere
    • Hocking, W. K., Fukao, S., Yamamoto, M., Tsuda, T., and Kato, S., Viscosity waves and thermal-conduction waves as a cause of "specular" reflectors in radar studies of the atmosphere, Radio Sci., 26, 1281-1303, 1991.
    • (1991) Radio Sci. , vol.26 , pp. 1281-1303
    • Hocking, W.K.1    Fukao, S.2    Yamamoto, M.3    Tsuda, T.4    Kato, S.5
  • 34
    • 4043115209 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Some new perspectives on viscosity and thermal conduction waves as a cause of "specular" reflectors in radar studies of the atmosphere
    • STEP Handbook, Hilton Head Island S. C., USA, 7-11 November 1995, ed. B. Edwards
    • Hocking, W. K., Some new perspectives on viscosity and thermal conduction waves as a cause of "specular" reflectors in radar studies of the atmosphere, STEP Handbook, Proceedings of the Seventh Workshop on Technical and Scientific Aspects of MST Radar, Hilton Head Island S. C., USA, 7-11 November 1995, ed. B. Edwards, 82-85, 1996.
    • (1996) Proceedings of the Seventh Workshop on Technical and Scientific Aspects of MST Radar , pp. 82-85
    • Hocking, W.K.1
  • 35
    • 0031271298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recent advances in radar instrumentation and techniques for studies of the mesosphere, stratosphere, and troposphere
    • Hocking, W. K., Recent advances in radar instrumentation and techniques for studies of the mesosphere, stratosphere, and troposphere. Radio Sci., 2241-2270, 1997.
    • (1997) Radio Sci. , pp. 2241-2270
    • Hocking, W.K.1
  • 36
    • 0001143815 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2 - Review of Theories, in situ Investigations, and experimental Studies using the Buckland Park Atmospheric Radar in Australia
    • 2 - Review of Theories, in situ Investigations, and experimental Studies using the Buckland Park Atmospheric Radar in Australia, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys. 59, 1779-1803, 1997.
    • (1997) J. Atmos. Terr. Phys. , vol.59 , pp. 1779-1803
    • Hocking, W.K.1    Mu, K.L.2
  • 37
    • 0031446424 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Quantitative measure of the degree of anisotropy of turbulence in terms of atmospheric parameters, with particular relevance to radar studies
    • Hocking, W. K. and Hamza, A. M., A Quantitative measure of the degree of anisotropy of turbulence in terms of atmospheric parameters, with particular relevance to radar studies, J. Atmos. Solar Terr. Phys., 59, 1011-1020, 1997.
    • (1997) J. Atmos. Solar Terr. Phys. , vol.59 , pp. 1011-1020
    • Hocking, W.K.1    Hamza, A.M.2
  • 38
    • 0031192144 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Studies of polar mesosphere summer echoes over EISCAT using calibrated signal strengths and statistical parameters
    • Hocking, W. K. and Röttger, J., Studies of polar mesosphere summer echoes over EISCAT using calibrated signal strengths and statistical parameters. Radio Sci., 32, 1425-1444, 1997.
    • (1997) Radio Sci. , vol.32 , pp. 1425-1444
    • Hocking, W.K.1    Röttger, J.2
  • 39
    • 0033389769 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The dynamical parameters of turbulence theory as they apply to middle atmosphere studies
    • Hocking, W. K., The dynamical parameters of turbulence theory as they apply to middle atmosphere studies. Earth Planets Space, 51, 525-541, 1999.
    • (1999) Earth Planets Space , vol.51 , pp. 525-541
    • Hocking, W.K.1
  • 40
    • 0028827875 scopus 로고
    • Aspect sensitivity of VHF scatterers in the troposphere and stratosphere from comparisons of powers in off-vertical beams
    • Hooper, D. and Thomas, L., Aspect sensitivity of VHF scatterers in the troposphere and stratosphere from comparisons of powers in off-vertical beams, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 57, 655-663, 1995.
    • (1995) J. Atmos. Terr. Phys. , vol.57 , pp. 655-663
    • Hooper, D.1    Thomas, L.2
  • 41
    • 84947859210 scopus 로고
    • Turbulence in stratified fluids: A review
    • Hopfinger, E. J., Turbulence in stratified fluids: a review, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 5287-5303, 1987.
    • (1987) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.92 , pp. 5287-5303
    • Hopfinger, E.J.1
  • 42
    • 0022234205 scopus 로고
    • The onset of turbulence in finiteamplitude Kelvin-Helmholtz billows
    • Klaassen, G. P. and Peltier, W. R., The onset of turbulence in finiteamplitude Kelvin-Helmholtz billows, J. Fluid Mech., 155, 1-35, 1985a.
    • (1985) J. Fluid Mech. , vol.155 , pp. 1-35
    • Klaassen, G.P.1    Peltier, W.R.2
  • 43
    • 0022264223 scopus 로고
    • Evolution of finite amplitude Kelvin-Helmholtz billows in two spatial dimensions
    • Klaassen, G. P. and Peltier, W. R., Evolution of finite amplitude Kelvin-Helmholtz billows in two spatial dimensions, J. Atmos. Sci., 42, 1321-1339, 1985b.
    • (1985) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.42 , pp. 1321-1339
    • Klaassen, G.P.1    Peltier, W.R.2
  • 44
    • 0026437327 scopus 로고
    • The formation of layered structures by parametric instabilityof finite-amplitude gravity waves
    • Klostermeyer, J., The formation of layered structures by parametric instabilityof finite-amplitude gravity waves. Adv. Space Res., 12(10), 203-205, 1992.
    • (1992) Adv. Space Res. , vol.12 , Issue.10 , pp. 203-205
    • Klostermeyer, J.1
  • 45
    • 0023306449 scopus 로고
    • Frequency domain interferometry: A high resolution radar technique for studies of atmospheric turbulence
    • Kudeki, E. and Stitt, G. R., Frequency domain interferometry: a high resolution radar technique for studies of atmospheric turbulence. Geophys. Res. Lett., 14, 198-201, 1987.
    • (1987) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.14 , pp. 198-201
    • Kudeki, E.1    Stitt, G.R.2
  • 46
    • 0019938259 scopus 로고
    • VHF and UHF Doppler radars as tools for synoptic research
    • Larsen, M. F. and Röttger, J., VHF and UHF Doppler radars as tools for synoptic research, Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc., 63, 996-1008, 1982.
    • (1982) Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. , vol.63 , pp. 996-1008
    • Larsen, M.F.1    Röttger, J.2
  • 47
    • 0000506670 scopus 로고
    • Studies of seasonal behaviour of the shape of mesospheric scatterers using a 1.98 MHz radar
    • Lesicar, D. and Hocking, W. K., Studies of seasonal behaviour of the shape of mesospheric scatterers using a 1.98 MHz radar, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 54, 295-309, 1992.
    • (1992) J. Atmos. Terr. Phys. , vol.54 , pp. 295-309
    • Lesicar, D.1    Hocking, W.K.2
  • 48
    • 0028192207 scopus 로고
    • Comparative studies of scatterers observed by MF radars in the Southern Hemisphere mesosphere
    • Lesicar, D., Hocking, W. K., and Vincent, R. A., Comparative studies of scatterers observed by MF radars in the Southern Hemisphere mesosphere, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 56, 581-591, 1994.
    • (1994) J. Atmos. Terr. Phys. , vol.56 , pp. 581-591
    • Lesicar, D.1    Hocking, W.K.2    Vincent, R.A.3
  • 49
    • 0029345024 scopus 로고
    • Interpretation of VHF ST radar vertical echoes from in situ temperature sheet observations
    • Luce, H., Crochet, M., Delaudier, F. and Sidi, C., Interpretation of VHF ST radar vertical echoes from in situ temperature sheet observations, Radio Sci., 30, 1002-1025, 1995.
    • (1995) Radio Sci. , vol.30 , pp. 1002-1025
    • Luce, H.1    Crochet, M.2    Delaudier, F.3    Sidi, C.4
  • 53
    • 0002097604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structures of polar mesosphere summer echoes observed with the EISCAT VHF radar in the interferometer mode
    • edited by B. Edwards, STEP Hnadbook, Natl. Oceanic and Atmos. Admin., Boulder, Colo.
    • th Workshop on Technical and Scientific Aspects of MST Radar, edited by B. Edwards, pp. 252-255, STEP Hnadbook, Natl. Oceanic and Atmos. Admin., Boulder, Colo., 1996.
    • (1996) th Workshop on Technical and Scientific Aspects of MST Radar , pp. 252-255
    • Pan, C.-J.1    Röttger, J.2
  • 54
  • 56
    • 0002831882 scopus 로고
    • VHF radar observations of Cat's-eye-like structures at mesospheric heights
    • Reid, I. M., Ruester, R., and Schmidt, G., VHF radar observations of Cat's-eye-like structures at mesospheric heights, Nature, 327, 43-45, 1987.
    • (1987) Nature , vol.327 , pp. 43-45
    • Reid, I.M.1    Ruester, R.2    Schmidt, G.3
  • 57
    • 84944837273 scopus 로고
    • Partial reflection and scattering of VHF radar signals from the clear atmosphere
    • Röttger, J. and Liu, C. H., Partial reflection and scattering of VHF radar signals from the clear atmosphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 5, 357-360, 1978.
    • (1978) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.5 , pp. 357-360
    • Röttger, J.1    Liu, C.H.2
  • 58
    • 0018529560 scopus 로고
    • High-resolution VHF radar soundings of the troposphere and stratosphere
    • Röttger, J. and Schmidt, G., High-resolution VHF radar soundings of the troposphere and stratosphere, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Electron., GE-17, 182-189, 1979.
    • (1979) IEEE Trans. Geosci. Electron. , vol.GE-17 , pp. 182-189
    • Röttger, J.1    Schmidt, G.2
  • 59
    • 33748499084 scopus 로고
    • Reflection and scattering of VHF radar signals from atmospheric refractivity structures
    • Röttger, J., Reflection and scattering of VHF radar signals from atmospheric refractivity structures. Radio Sci., 15, 259-276, 1980a.
    • (1980) Radio Sci. , vol.15 , pp. 259-276
    • Röttger, J.1
  • 60
    • 0001359143 scopus 로고
    • Structure and dynamics of the stratosphere and mesosphere revealed by VHF radar investigations
    • Röttger, J., Structure and dynamics of the stratosphere and mesosphere revealed by VHF radar investigations. Pure Appl. Geophys., 118, 494-527, 1980b.
    • (1980) Pure Appl. Geophys. , vol.118 , pp. 494-527
    • Röttger, J.1
  • 61
    • 5844332740 scopus 로고
    • The dynamics of stratospheric and mesospheric fine structure investigated with an MST VHF radar
    • ed. S. K. Avery, SCOSTEP Secretariat. University of Illionois
    • Röttger, J., The dynamics of stratospheric and mesospheric fine structure investigated with an MST VHF radar, Middle Atmosphere Program Handbook, ed. S. K. Avery, SCOSTEP Secretariat. University of Illionois, Vol. 2, pp. 341-350, 1981.
    • (1981) Middle Atmosphere Program Handbook , vol.2 , pp. 341-350
    • Röttger, J.1
  • 62
    • 0000609804 scopus 로고
    • First low-power VHF radar observations of tropospheric and mesospheric winds and turbulence at the Arecibo Observatory
    • Röttger, J., Chzechowsky, P., and Schmidt, G., First low-power VHF radar observations of tropospheric and mesospheric winds and turbulence at the Arecibo Observatory, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 43, 789-800, 1981.
    • (1981) J. Atmos. Terr. Phys. , vol.43 , pp. 789-800
    • Röttger, J.1    Chzechowsky, P.2    Schmidt, G.3
  • 63
    • 0001854191 scopus 로고
    • UHF/VHF radar techniques for atmospheric research and wind profiler applications
    • edited by D. Atlas, pp 235-281, Amer. Meteorol. Soc., Boston, Mass.
    • Röttger, J. and Larsen, M. F., UHF/VHF radar techniques for atmospheric research and wind profiler applications, in Radar in Meteorology: Battan Memorial and 40th Anniversary Radar Meteorology Conference, edited by D. Atlas, pp 235-281, Amer. Meteorol. Soc., Boston, Mass., 1990.
    • (1990) Radar in Meteorology: Battan Memorial and 40th Anniversary Radar Meteorology Conference
    • Röttger, J.1    Larsen, M.F.2
  • 65
    • 0001742003 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Auroral electrojet plasmairregulararity theory and experiment: A critical review of present understanding and future directions
    • Sahr, J. D. and Fejer, B. G., Auroral electrojet plasmairregulararity theory and experiment: A critical review of present understanding and future directions, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 26893-26909, 1996.
    • (1996) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.101 , pp. 26893-26909
    • Sahr, J.D.1    Fejer, B.G.2
  • 66
    • 0024873617 scopus 로고
    • The transition between Kelvin-Helmholtz and Holmboe instability: An investigation of the over-reflection hypothesis
    • Smyth, W. D. and Peltier, W. R., The transition between Kelvin-Helmholtz and Holmboe instability: an investigation of the over-reflection hypothesis, J. Atmos. Sci., 46, 3698, 1989.
    • (1989) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.46 , pp. 3698
    • Smyth, W.D.1    Peltier, W.R.2
  • 67
    • 0022808304 scopus 로고
    • MU radar observations of the aspect sensitivity of backscattered VHF echo power in the troposphere and lower stratosphere
    • Tsuda T., Sato, T., Hirose, K., Fukao, S., and Kato, S., MU radar observations of the aspect sensitivity of backscattered VHF echo power in the troposphere and lower stratosphere, Radio Sci., 21, 971-980, 1986.
    • (1986) Radio Sci. , vol.21 , pp. 971-980
    • Tsuda, T.1    Sato, T.2    Hirose, K.3    Fukao, S.4    Kato, S.5
  • 68
    • 0031463303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Azimuth angle variations of specular reflection echoes in the lower atmosphere observed with the MU radar
    • Tsuda, T., Gordon, W. E., and Saito, H., Azimuth angle variations of specular reflection echoes in the lower atmosphere observed with the MU radar, J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys., 59, 777-784, 1997.
    • (1997) J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys. , vol.59 , pp. 777-784
    • Tsuda, T.1    Gordon, W.E.2    Saito, H.3
  • 69
    • 0020463317 scopus 로고
    • A universal spectrum of buoyancy waves in the atmosphere
    • Van Zandt, T. E., A universal spectrum of buoyancy waves in the atmosphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 9, 575-578, 1982.
    • (1982) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.9 , pp. 575-578
    • Van Zandt, T.E.1
  • 70
    • 0041525162 scopus 로고
    • Is VHF Fresnel reflectivity due to low frequency buoyancy waves?
    • SCOSTEP secretariat, University of Illinois, Urbana
    • Van Zandt, T. E. and Vincent, R. A., Is VHF Fresnel reflectivity due to low frequency buoyancy waves?. Handbook for MAP, vol. 9, pp 78-80, SCOSTEP secretariat, University of Illinois, Urbana, 1983.
    • (1983) Handbook for MAP , vol.9 , pp. 78-80
    • Van Zandt, T.E.1    Vincent, R.A.2
  • 71
    • 0033558152 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stratifed shear turbulence: Evolution and statistics
    • Werne, J. and Fritts, D. C. Stratifed shear turbulence: Evolution and statistics. Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 439-442, 1999.
    • (1999) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.26 , pp. 439-442
    • Werne, J.1    Fritts, D.C.2
  • 72
    • 0020719461 scopus 로고
    • A random-morion model of fluctuations in a nearly transparent medium
    • de Wolfe, D. A., A random-morion model of fluctuations in a nearly transparent medium. Radio Sci., 18, 128-142, 1983.
    • (1983) Radio Sci. , vol.18 , pp. 128-142
    • Wolfe, D.A.1
  • 73
    • 0042267630 scopus 로고
    • High-altitude-resolution stratospheric measurements with the Arecibo 2380-MHz radar
    • Woodman, R. F., High-altitude-resolution stratospheric measurements with the Arecibo 2380-MHz radar, Radio Sci., 15, 423-430, 1980.
    • (1980) Radio Sci. , vol.15 , pp. 423-430
    • Woodman, R.F.1
  • 74
    • 0021401501 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of effective eddy diffusive coefficients using radar observations of turbulence in the stratosphere
    • Woodman, R. F. and Rastogi, P. K., Evaluation of effective eddy diffusive coefficients using radar observations of turbulence in the stratosphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 11, 243-246, 1984.
    • (1984) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.11 , pp. 243-246
    • Woodman, R.F.1    Rastogi, P.K.2
  • 75
    • 0024630125 scopus 로고
    • Aspect sensitivity measurements of VHF backscatter made with the Chung-Li radar: Plausible mechanisms
    • Woodman, R. F. and Chu, Y.-H., Aspect sensitivity measurements of VHF backscatter made with the Chung-Li radar: plausible mechanisms, Radio Sci., 24, 113-125, 1989.
    • (1989) Radio Sci. , vol.24 , pp. 113-125
    • Woodman, R.F.1    Chu, Y.-H.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.