The digital Divide

Convergence

Volumn 7, Issue 4, 2001, Pages 96-111

  Rogers, Everett M ^a  

^a NONE

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EID: 0242582790     PISSN: 13548565     EISSN: 17487382     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/135485650100700406     Document Type: Article

References (52)

1. J.C.R. Licklider and Robert W. Taylor, 'The Computer as a Communication Device,' Science & Technology (1968), pp. 21-22
2. reprinted in In Memoriam: J.C.R. Licklider (Palo Alto, CA: Digital Equipment Corporation Systems Research Center, 1990), Report
3. A good idea often has many parents. Colby attributed the origin of the 'digital divide' to Lloyd Morrisett, former president of the Markle Foundation. D. Colby, 'Conceptualizing the "Digital Divide": Closing the "Gap" by Creating a Postmodern Network that Distributes the Productive Power of Speech,' Communication Law & Policy, 6 (2001), pp. 123-173
4. Philip J. Tichenor, George A. Donohue, and Clarence N. Olien, 'Mass Media Flow and Differential Growth in Knowledge,' Public Opinion Quarterly, 34 (1970), pp. 159-170
5. K. Viswanath and John R. Finnegan, Jr., 'The Knowledge Gap Hypothesis: Twenty-Five Years Later,' in Communication Yearbook 19, ed. Brent Burelson (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 1996), pp. 187-227
6. Sandhya Rao and Bruce C. Klopfenstein (eds), Cyberpath to Development in Asia, (Westport, Conn: Praeger Publishers 2001)
7. Jeffrey I. Cole, Michael Suman, Phoebe Schramm, D. van Bel, B. Lunn, P. Maguire, K. Hanson, R. Singh, and J.-S. Aquino, The UCLA Internet Report: Surveying the Digital Future (Los Angeles, CA: UCLA Center for Communication Policy, 2000), Report
8. Everett M. Rogers, Diffusion of Innovations, Fourth Edition (New York: Free Press, 1995)
9. Rogers, 1995
10. Cole and others
11. Everett M. Rogers and Sheena Malhotra, 'Computers as Communication: The Rise of Digital Democracy,' in Digital Democracy: Issues of Theory and Practice, eds. Kenneth L. Hacker and Jan van Dijk (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 2001), pp. 10-29
12. Katie Hafner, and M. Lyon, Where the Wizards Stay Up Late: The Origins of the Internet (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1996)
13. Hafner and Lyon
14. NTIA, Falling through the Net: Toward Digital Inclusion (Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Telecommunications and Information Administration, 2000), Report
15. Tim Berners-Lee, Weaving the Web (New York: HarperBusiness, 2000)
16. Colby
17. Colby, pp. 123-124
18. NTIA, Falling through the Net: A Survey of the 'Have-Nots' in Rural and Urban America (Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Telecommunications and Information Administration, 1995), Report
19. NTIA, Falling through the Net: New Data on the Digital Divide (Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Telecommunications and Information Administration, 1998), Report
20. NTIA, Falling through the Net: Defining the Digital Divide (Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Telecommunications and Information Administration, 1999), Report
21. NTIA, 2000
22. A. Lenhart, Who's Not Online (Washington, DC: Pew Center for the People and the Press http://www.pewinternet.org/reports/toc.asp?Report=28 (21 Sept 2000)
23. T.R. Eng, A. Maxfield, K. Patrick, Mary Jo Deering, Scott C. Ratzan, and David H. Gustafson, 'Access to Health Information and Support: A Public Highway or a Private Road,' JAMA, 290 (1998), pp. 1371-1375
24. J.P. Abbott, 'Democracy @ Internet.asia? The Challenge to the Emancipatory Potential of the Net: Lessons from China and Malaysia,' Third World Quarterly, 22 (2001), pp. 99-114
25. D.L. Hoffman and T.P. Novak, 'Bridging the Racial Divide on the Internet,' Science, 280 (1998), pp. 390-391
26. Douglas B. Hindman, 'The Rural-Urban Digital Divide, ' Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 77 (2000), pp. 549-560
27. J. Brown, 'The Digital Divide,' Civil Rights Journal, 4 (1999), pp. 16-21
28. S. Brewer, 'The Digital Divide: A Stark Reality in Indian Country,' Focus on Education (2000), pp. 34-35
29. EarthLink, the US's third-largest ISP in 2001 behind AOL and MSN, respectively, increased its monthly price in that year to US$21.95. This was in response to AOL's raising its monthly rate to US$23.90. Microsoft's MSN charged its five million users US$21.95 a month for its service at that time. See Michael Robuck, ISPworld News, 26 June 2001. http://www.ispworld.com/bs/BS_062601a.htm (5 Nov 2001)
30. Lenhart
31. Hindman
32. M. Brodie, R.E. Flournoy, D.E. Altman, R.J. Blendon, J.M. Benson, and M.D. Rosenbaum, 'Health Information, the Internet, and the Digital Divide,' Health Affairs, 19 (2000), pp. 255-265
33. Similar differences were reported by Brodie and others; and by E.P. Bucy, 'Social Access to the Internet,' Harvard International Journal of Press Politics, 5 (2000), pp. 50-61
34. Gretchen K. Berland, Marc N. Elliott, Leo S. Morales, Jeffrey I. Algazy, Richard L. Kravitz, Michael S. Broder, David E. Knouse, Jorge A. Munoz, Juan-Antonio Puyol, Marielena Lara, Katherine E. Watkins, Hannah Yang, and Elizabeth A. McGlynn, 'Health Information on the Internet: Accessability, Quality, and Readability in English and Spanish,' JAMA 285 (2001), pp. 2612-2621
35. Cole and others; Bucy; Brodie and others
36. For example: M. Bier, M. Gallo, E. Nucklos, S. Sherblom, and M.Pennick, 'Personal Empowerment in the Study of Home Internet Use by Low-Income Families,' Research on Computing in Education, 28 (1998). http://www2.edu.ksu.edu/ Projects/JRCE/v28-5/Bier/article/main.htm
37. Michael D. Slater, Donald E. Zimmerman, M.L. Tipton, H. Halverson, T. Keen, and J.D. Rost, 'Delivering Health Information to the Disadvantaged: Assessing a Hypertext Approach,' Hypermedia, 6 (1994), pp. 67-86
38. C. Zarcadoolas, M. Blanco, A. Pleasant and J.F. Boyer, 'Unweaving the Web: An Exploratory Study of Low-Literate Adults' Navigation Skills on the World Wide Web,' (Providence, RI: Brown University, Center for Environmental Studies, 2000), Unpublished Paper
39. Cole and others; Bucy; Brodie and others; NTIA, 2000; Lenhart
40. Data from seven national surveys conducted from 1983 to 1999 showed that the gaps in computer access were not widening, although the gaps in home computer access were (Jon D. Miller, 'Who Is Using the Web for Science and Health Information?' Science Communication, 23 (2001), pp. 256-273)
41. Michael J. Papa, Arvind Singhal, Sweetie Law, Saumya Pant, Suruchi Sood, Everett M. Rogers, and Corinne L. Shefner-Rogers, 'Entertainment-Education and Social Change: An Analysis of Parasocial Interaction, Social Learning, Collective Efficacy, and Paradoxical Communication,' Journal of Communication, 50 (2000), pp. 31-55
42. Becky Lentz, Joseph Straubhaar, A. LaPastina, S. Main, and J. Taylor, 'Structuring Access: The Role of Public Access Centers in the 'Digital Divide'' (Paper presented at the International Communication Association, Acapulco, 2000)
43. Arvind Singhal and Everett M. Rogers, India's Communication Revolution: From Bullock Carts to Cyber Marts (New Delhi: Sage/India, 2001)
44. Everett M. Rogers, 'Informatization, Globalization, and Privatization in the New Millennium,' Asian Journal of Communication, 10 (2000), pp. 71-92
45. Slater and others
46. S. Debowski, R. Wood, and Albert Bandura, 'Impact of Guided Exploration and Enactive Exploration on Self-Regulating Mechanisms, and Information Acquisition through Electronic Search' (Murdoch, Australia: Murdoch University, Department of Commerce, 2001), Unpublished Paper
47. David B. Buller, W. Gill Woodall, Everett M. Rogers, Patricia B. Woodall, Donald Zimmerman, Michael Slater, Judith Pepper, K. Bartlett, Joan Hines, E. Unger, Barbara Hau, and Michelle M. LeBlanc, 'Formative Research Activities to Provide Web-Based Nutrition Information in the Upper Rio Grande Valley,' Family and Community Health, 24 (2001), pp. 1-12
48. Debra A. Lieberman, 'Management of Chronic Pediatric Diseases with Interactive Health Games: Theory and Research Findings,' Journal of Ambulatory Care Management, 23 (2001), pp. 26-38
49. Rogers, 2000
50. Singhal and Rogers, 2001
51. Berland and others
52. Gunther Eysenbach, 'Consumer Health Informatics,' British Medical Journal, 320 (2000), pp. 1713-1716