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Unless otherwise stated, the S,SS-configurated complex is used throughout this paper for the sake of formal consistency and simplicity. In the actual experiment, the R,RR enantiomer may have been utilized.
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64
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0242292278
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2 has a trigonal bipyramidal geometry (private communication from Professor Masashi Yamakawa, Kinjo Gakuin University).
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The lower values obtained at ca. S/C > 10 000 are considered to be the result of substrate/product solvent inhibition under the required experimental conditions (discussed below; see Supporting Information) as the 2-propanol: acetophenone/phenylethanol ratio nears 1:1 (v/v).
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73
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79
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0242386835
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note
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2CDOD containing no base.
-
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80
-
-
0242292279
-
-
note
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2 and the RuH hydride itself in 4 undergo rapid H/D exchange.
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81
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0242292275
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83
-
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0242386834
-
-
note
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+ peak may partly result from protonation of 8 under the ESI-TOFMS experimental conditions.
-
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84
-
-
0242355311
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note
-
The required high concentration (16 mM) for NMR measurement is unrealistic. Consequently, noninvolved species, shown not to participate in ketone reduction, were observed (Supporting Information).
-
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85
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33845375188
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(a) Shvo, Y.; Czarkie, D.; Rahamim, Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 7400-7402.
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Shvo, Y.1
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(b) Bryndza, H. E.; Fong, L. K.; Paciello, R. A.; Tam, W.; Bercaw, J. E. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 1444-1456.
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Bryndza, H.E.1
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0013362133
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(d) Bücken, K.; Koelle, U.; Pasch, R.; Ganter, B. Organometallics 1996, 15, 3095-3098.
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Bücken, K.1
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89
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0035823885
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(e) Zuccaccia, C.; Bellachioma, G.; Cardaci, G.; Macchioni, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 123, 11020-11028.
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Zuccaccia, C.1
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91
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0242323880
-
-
note
-
2.
-
-
-
-
92
-
-
0242355307
-
-
note
-
The initial velocity for acetophenone hydrogenation by (R,RR)-4 steadily decreases with increasing tert-butyl alcohol content for 2-propanol/tert-butyl alcohol solvent mixtures (Supporting Information).
-
-
-
-
93
-
-
0242355301
-
-
note
-
+ from (R,RR)-4 were also observed. The formation is faster with (S)-1-phenylethanol (>95% after 18 h) than with the enantiomer (<95% after 36 h) (see Supporting Information).
-
-
-
-
94
-
-
0242355305
-
-
note
-
7.
-
-
-
-
95
-
-
0242386838
-
-
note
-
Under such conditions, hydrogenation proceeds easily even when (S,SS)-5 is used as a precatalyst coupled with [16] = 8.2 or 18.0 mM.
-
-
-
-
96
-
-
0242355306
-
-
note
-
2 ligand on Ru is deprotonated by the alcoholic media.21
-
-
-
-
98
-
-
0009355418
-
-
Holt, Reinhart and Winston: New York
-
(b) Fleck, G. M. Equilibria in Solution; Holt, Reinhart and Winston: New York. 1966.
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(1966)
Equilibria in Solution
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Fleck, G.M.1
-
99
-
-
0242355310
-
-
note
-
a value of 16.5.
-
-
-
-
100
-
-
0242323883
-
-
note
-
2 systems.22
-
-
-
-
101
-
-
0037167050
-
-
9 catalyzed hydrogenation of benzophenone. See: Berkessel, A.; Schubert, T. J. S. ; Muller, T. N. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 124, 8693-8698.
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Berkessel, A.1
Schubert, T.J.S.2
Muller, T.N.3
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102
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0017097725
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(a) Mosberg, H. I.; Beard, C. B.; Schmidt, P. G. Biophys. Chem. 1976, 6, 1-8.
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Mosberg, H.I.1
Beard, C.B.2
Schmidt, P.G.3
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104
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0040626220
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(c) Mamaev, V. M.; Gloriozov, I. P.; Prisyajnyuk, A. V.; Babin, Y. V. Mendeleev. Commun. 1999, 4, 136-139.
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Mamaev, V.M.1
Gloriozov, I.P.2
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Babin, Y.V.4
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0035911986
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Abdur-Rashid, K.; Lough, A. J.; Morris, R. H. Organometallics 2001, 20, 1047-1049.
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Abdur-Rashid, K.1
Lough, A.J.2
Morris, R.H.3
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108
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0002703891
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Repulsion of the filled p and d orbitals has also been postulated: Caulton. K. G. New J. Chem. 1994, 18, 25-41.
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New J. Chem.
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, pp. 25-41
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-
Caulton, K.G.1
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109
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0242355312
-
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note
-
Asymmetric hydrogenation of certain ketones such as 2.4,4-trimethyl-2-cyclohexenone requires the S/R,R of R/S,S combination.4.6
-
-
-
-
110
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0032479254
-
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(a) Doucet, H.; Ohkuma, T.; Murata, K.; Yokozawa, T.; Kozawa, M.; Katayama, E.; England, A. F.; Ikariya, T.; Noyori, R. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 1703-1707.
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Doucet, H.1
Ohkuma, T.2
Murata, K.3
Yokozawa, T.4
Kozawa, M.5
Katayama, E.6
England, A.F.7
Ikariya, T.8
Noyori, R.9
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112
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0029979565
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Platts, J. A.; Howard, S. T.; Bracke, B. R. F. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 2726-2733.
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Platts, J.A.1
Howard, S.T.2
Bracke, B.R.F.3
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113
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1542639278
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For the structural feature of the BINAP ligands, see: Noyori, R. Science 1990, 248, 1194-1199.
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(1990)
Science
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Noyori, R.1
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114
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33845376733
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The Ru center binding increases the amine proton acidity. Ammonium-π(aryl) interactions are well established: (a) Meot-Ner, M.; Deakyne, C. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 468-474.
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(1985)
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Meot-Ner, M.1
Deakyne, C.A.2
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117
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0000226126
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(d) Garel, L.; Lozach, B.; Dutasta, J. P.; Collet, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115. 11652-11653.
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Garel, L.1
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Collet, A.4
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118
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0345200575
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(e) Koh, K. N.; Araki, K.; Ikeda, A.; Otsuka, H.; Shinkai, S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 755-758.
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Koh, K.N.1
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Ikeda, A.3
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Shinkai, S.5
-
121
-
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0242355302
-
-
note
-
Detailed analysis is required to define the exact nature of the NH/aryl attractive force as well as the interacting sites.
-
-
-
-
122
-
-
0242386836
-
-
note
-
2(diphosphine)(diamine) complexes.53a
-
-
-
-
123
-
-
0242386837
-
-
note
-
Enantioselective hydrogenation of benzaldehyde-1-d remains difficult.
-
-
-
-
124
-
-
0242355309
-
-
note
-
2[(S)-binap][(S,S)-dpen] and its S,RR diasteriomer have a comparable stability.61
-
-
-
-
125
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0032506982
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Ohkuma, T.; Doucet, H.; Pham, T.; Mikami, K.; Korenaga, T.; Terada, M.; Noyori, R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 1086-1087.
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Ohkuma, T.1
Doucet, H.2
Pham, T.3
Mikami, K.4
Korenaga, T.5
Terada, M.6
Noyori, R.7
-
126
-
-
0242292276
-
-
note
-
A similar but alkaline metal-mediated six-membered TS was proposed for reaction using the dichloro Ru complex 5 and alkaline metal alkoxides.22.23b
-
-
-
-
127
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-
0003883870
-
-
VCH: Weinheim
-
The significance of "thermodynamic" supramolecular chemistry, in which noncovalent interactions including hydrogen bonds are utilized largely for the stabilizing ground-state molecular assemblies, has been well documented over the last two decades. See: Lehn, J.-M. Supramolecular Chemistry: Concepts and Perspectives; VCH: Weinheim, 1999.
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Supramolecular Chemistry: Concepts and Perspectives
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Lehn, J.-M.1
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128
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0242323882
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Manuscript in preparation
-
1H HMQC, DPFGSE-NOE) analysis and will be described elsewhere: Sandoval, C. A.; Ohkuma, T.; Yamaguchi, Y.; Kato, K.; Noyori, R. Manuscript in preparation.
-
-
-
Sandoval, C.A.1
Ohkuma, T.2
Yamaguchi, Y.3
Kato, K.4
Noyori, R.5
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