Semantic priming from flanker words: Some limitation to automaticity

Psychologica Belgica

Volumn 43, Issue 3, 2003, Pages 153-179

  Duscherer, Katia ^a,b   Holender, Daniel ^b  

^a UNIVERSITÉ PARIS DESCARTES   (France)

^b UNIVERSITÉ LIBRE DE BRUXELLES   (Belgium)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0141908283     PISSN: 00332879     EISSN: 2054670X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (58)

1. Allport, D. A., Tipper, S. P., & Chmiel, N. R. J. (1985). Perceptual integration and postcategorical filtering. In M. I. Posner & O. S. M. Marin (Eds.), Attention and Performance XI (pp. 107-132). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
2. Besner, D., & Stolz, J. A. (1999a). Unconsciously controlled processing: The Stroop effect reconsidered. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 6, 449-455.
3. Besner, D., & Stolz, J. A. (1999b). What kind of attention modulates the Stroop effect? Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 6, 99-104.
4. Besner, D., Stolz, J. A., & Boutilier, C. (1997). The Stroop effect and the myth of automaticity. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 4, 221-225.
5. Broadbent, D. E., & Gathercole, S. E. (1990). The processing of non-target words: Semantic or not? Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 42A, 3-37.
6. Clark, H. H., Carpenter, P. A., & Just, M. A. (1973). On the meeting of semantics with perception. In W. G. Chase (Ed.), Visual information processing (pp. 311-381). New York: Academic Press.
7. Content, A., Mousty, P., & Radeau, M. (1990). BRULEX. Une base de données lexicales informatisée pour le fraņais écrit et parlé [BRULEX: A computerized lexical database for the French language]. L'Année Psychologique, 90, 551-556.
8. Damian, M. F. (2000). Semantic negative priming in picture categorization and naming. Cognition, 76, 45-55.
9. Den Heyer, K. (1985). On the nature of the proportion effect in semantic priming. Acta Psychologica 60, 25-38.
10. Den Heyer, K. (1986). Manipulating attention-induced priming in a lexical decision task by means of repeated prime-target presentations. Journal of Memory and Language, 25, 19-42.
11. Den Heyer, K., Goring, A., & Dannenbring, G. L. (1985). Semantic priming and word repetition: The two effects are additive. Journal of Memory and Language, 24, 699-716.
12. Driver, J., & Baylis, G. C. (1991). Target-distractor separation and feature integration in visual attention to letters. Acta Psychologica, 76, 101-119.
13. Durgunoǧlu, A. Y. (1988). Repetition, semantic priming, and stimulus quality: Implications for the interactive-compensatory reading model. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 14, 590-603.
14. Duscherer, K., & Holender, D. (2002). No negative semantic priming from unconscious flanker words in sight. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 28, 839-853.
15. Duscherer, K., Holender, D., & Molenaar, E. (2003). The affective Simon effect: How automatic, how conscious, how specific? Manuscript submitted for publication.
16. Eriksen, B. A., & Eriksen, C. W. (1974). Effects of noise letters upon the identification of a target letter in a nonsearch task. Perception and Psychophysics, 16, 143-149.
17. Fuentes, J. F., Carmona, E., Agis, I. F., & Catena, A. (1994). The role of the anterior attention system in semantic processing of both foveal and parafoveal words. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 6, 17-25.
18. Fuentes, L. J., & Tudela, P. (1992). Semantic processing of foveally and parafoveally presented words in a lexical decision task. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 45A, 299-322.
19. Fox, E. (1996). Cross-language priming from ignored words: Evidence for a common representational system in bilinguals. Journal of Memory and Language, 35, 353-370.
20. Handy, T. C., Soltani, M., & Mangun, G. R. (2001). Perceptual load and visuocortical processing: Event-related potentials reveals sensory-level selection. Psychological Science, 12, 213-248.
21. Henik, A., Friedrich, F. J., & Kellogg, W. A. (1983). The dependence of semantic relatedness effects upon prime processing. Memory and Cognition, 11, 366-373.
22. Hoffman, J. E., & MacMillan, F. W. I. (1985). Is semantic priming automatic? In M. I. Posner & O. S. M. Marin (Eds.), Attention and Performance XI (pp. 585-599). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
23. Holender, D. (1986). Semantic activation without conscious identification in dichotic listening, parafoveal vision, and visual masking: A survey and appraisal. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 9, 1-23.
24. Holender, D. (1992). Expectancy effects, congruity effects, and the interpretation of response latency measurement. In J. Alegria, D. Holender, J. Junca de Morais, & M. Radeau (Eds.), Analytic approaches to human cognition (pp. 351-375). Amsterdam: Elsevier.
25. Kumada, T., & Humphreys, G. W. (2002). Early selection induced by perceptual load in a patient with frontal lobe damage: External vs. internal modulation of processing control. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 19, 49-65.
26. Lavie, N. (1995). Perceptual load as a necessary condition for selective attention. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 21, 451-468.
27. Lavie, N (2000). Selective attention and cognitive control: Dissociation of attentional functions through different types of load. In S. Monsell & J. Driver (Eds.), Control of cognitive processes: Attention and Performance XVIII (pp. 175-194). Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.
28. Lavie, N., & Cox, S. (1997). On the efficiency of visual selective attention: Efficient visual search leads to inefficient distractor rejection. Psychological Science, 8, 395-398.
29. Lavie, N., & Fox, E. (2000). The role of perceptual load in negative priming. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 26, 1038- 1052.
30. Lavie, N., & Robertson, I. H. (2001). The role of perceptual load in neglect: Rejection of ipsilesional distractors is facilitated with higher central load. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 13, 867-876.
31. Lavie, N., & Tsal, Y. (1994). Perceptual load as a major determinant of the locus of selection in visual attention. Perception and Psychophysics, 56, 183-197.
32. Loftus, G. R., & Masson, M. E. J. (1994). Using confidence intervals in within-subject designs. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 4, 476-490.
33. Logan, G. D., & Zbrodoff, N. J. (1999). Selection for cognition: Cognitive constraints on visual spatial attention. Visual Cognition, 6, 55-81.
34. Marí-Beffa, P., Fuentes, L. J., Catena, A., & Houghton, G. (2000). Semantic priming in the prime task effect: Evidence of automatic semantic processing of distractors. Memory and Cognition, 28, 635-647.
35. Maxfield, L. (1997). Attention and semantic priming: A review of prime task effects. Consciousness and Cognition, 6, 204-218.
36. Miller, J. (1991). The flanker compatibility effect as a function of visual angle, attentional focus, visual transients, and perceptual load: A search for boundary conditions. Perception & Psychophysics, 19, 270-288.
37. Milliken, B., Joordens, S., Merikle, P. M., & Seiffert, A. E. (1998). Selective attention: A reevaluation of the implications of negative priming. Psychological Review, 105, 203-229.
38. Neely, J. H. (1991). Semantic priming effects in visual word recognition: A selective review of current findings and theories. In D. Besner & G. W. Humphreys (Eds.), Basic processes in reading: Visual word recognition, (pp. 264-336). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
39. Neely, J. H., & Kahan, T. A. (2001). Is semantic activation automatic? A critical reevaluation. In Roediger, H. L., Nairne, J. S., Neath, I., & Surprenant, A. M. (Eds.), The nature of remembering: Essays in honor of Robert G. Crowder (pp. 69-93). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
40. Neill, W. T., & Valdes, L. A. (1992). Persistence of negative priming: Steady state or decay? Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 18, 565-576.
41. Neill, W. T., Valdes, L. A., Terry, K. M., & Gorfein, D. S. (1992). Persistence of negative priming: II. Evidence for episodic trace retrieval. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 18, 993-1000.
42. Norman, D. A., & Bobrow, D. G. (1975). On data-limited and resource-limited processes. Cognitive Psychology, 7, 44-64.
43. Ortells, J. J., Abad, M. F., Noguera, C., & Lupián∼ez, J. (2001). Influence of prime- probe onset asynchrony and prime precuing manipulations on semantic priming effects with words in a lexical-decision task. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 27, 75-91.
44. Ortells, J. J., & Tudela, P. (1996). Positive and negative semantic priming of attended and unattended parafoveal words in a lexical decision task. Acta Psychologica, 94, 209-226.
45. Pitarque, A., Algarabel, S., & Soler, M. J. (1992). Effect of prime and target repetition on lexical decision time. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 74, 403-411.
46. Scarborough, D. L., Cortese, C., & Scarborough, H. S. (1977). Frequency and repetition effects in lexical memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 3, 1-17.
47. Schneider, W. (1988). Micro-experimental laboratory: An integrated system for IBM PC compatibles. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, and Computers, 20, 206-217.
48. Shaffer, W. O., & LaBerge, D. (1979). Automatic semantic processing of unattended words. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 18, 413-426.
49. Smith, M. C., Bentin, S., & Spalek, T. M. (2001). Attention constraints of semantic activation during visual word recognition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 27, 1289-1298.
50. Smith, M. C., Theodor, L., & Franklin, P. E. (1983). The relationship between contextual facilitation and depth of processing. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 9, 697-712.
51. Stolz, J. A., & Besner, D. (1996). Role of set in visual word recognition: Activation and activation blocking as nonautomatic processes. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 22, 1166-1177.
52. Stolz, J. A., & Besner, D. (1998). Levels of representation in visual word recognition: A dissociation between morphological and semantic processing. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 24, 1642-1655.
53. Stolz, J. A., & Besner, D. (1999). On the myth of automatic semantic activation in reading. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 8, 61-65.
54. Stone, M., Ladd, S. L., Vaidya, J. C., & Gabrieli, J. D. E. (1998). Word-identification priming for ignored and attended words. Consciousness and Cognition, 7, 238- 258.
55. Tipper, S. P. (1985). The negative priming effect: Inhibitory priming by ignored objects. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 37A, 571-590.
56. Tipper, S. P., & Cranston, M. (1985). Selective attention and priming: Inhibitory and facilitatory effects of ignored primes. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 37A, 591-611.
57. Wilding, J. (1986). Joint effects of semantic priming and repetition in a lexical decision task: Implications for a model of lexical access. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 38A, 213-228.
58. Yee, P. L. (1991). Semantic inhibition of ignored words during a figure classification task. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 43A, 127-153.