The pharmacology of diabetic complications

Current Medicinal Chemistry

Volumn 10, Issue 15, 2003, Pages 1317-1327

  Altan, V Melih ^a  

^a ANKARA UNIVERSITY   (Turkey)

Author keywords

Advanced glycation end products; Aldose reductase inhibitors; Diabetic complications; Free radical scavengers; Polyol pathway

Indexed keywords

2 METHYLSORBINIL; ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; ADVANCED GLYCATION END PRODUCT INHIBITOR; ALDEHYDE REDUCTASE; ALDOSE REDUCTASE INHIBITOR; ALPHA TOCOPHEROL; AMINOGUANIDINE; ANTIDIABETIC AGENT; ANTIOXIDANT; ASCORBIC ACID; CAPTOPRIL; CARBOXYLIC ACID DERIVATIVE; CARVEDILOL; DEFEROXAMINE; EPALRESTAT; FIDARESTAT; GLUTATHIONE; IMIDE; N PHENACYLTHIAZOLIUM BROMIDE; POLYOL; PONALRESTAT; PROBUCOL; PROTEIN INHIBITOR; SORBINIL; THIOCTIC ACID; TOLRESTAT; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; UNINDEXED DRUG; VASOACTIVE AGENT; ZENARESTAT; ZOPOLRESTAT;

CATARACT; CLINICAL TRIAL; DIABETIC NEUROPATHY; DIABETIC RETINOPATHY; DISEASE COURSE; DRUG DESIGN; DRUG HYPERSENSITIVITY; DRUG MECHANISM; DRUG STRUCTURE; ENZYME ACTIVITY; HUMAN; NONHUMAN; PATHOGENESIS; REVIEW; STEVENS JOHNSON SYNDROME; TOXIC EPIDERMAL NECROLYSIS;

EID: 0042810989     PISSN: 09298673     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2174/0929867033457287     Document Type: Review

References (169)

1. Kaul, C.L.; Ramarao, P. Methods. Find. Exp. Clin. Pharmacol., 2001, 23, 465.
2. Foster, D.W. Diabetes, 1984, 33, 1188.
3. Joost, H.G. Trends Pharmacol. Sci., 1985, 6, 239.
4. Bressler, R.; Johnson, D. Diabetes Care, 1992, 15, 792.
5. Horton, E.S.; Clinkingbeard, C.; Gatlin, M.; Foley, J.; Mallows, S.; Shen, S. Diabetes Care, 2000, 23, 1660.
6. Elliot, R.B.; Pilcher, C.C.; Stewart, A.; Fergusson, D.; McGregor, M.A. Ann. NY. Acad. Sci., 1993, 696, 333.
7. Mahon, J.L.; Dupre, J.;Stiller, C.R. Ann. NY. Acad. Sci., 1993, 696, 351.
8. Heinemann, C.W.; Starke, A.A.R.; Heding, L.; Jensen, I.; Berger, M. Diabetologia, 1990, 33, 384.
9. Bolli, G.B.; Marchi, R.D.; Park, G.D. Diabetologia, 1999, 42, 1151.
10. Kitabchi, A.E.; Fisher, J.N.; Matteri, R.; Murphy, M.B. Adv. Intern. Med., 1983, 28, 449.
11. Skyler, J.S.; Cefalu, W.T.; Kourides, I.A.; Landschulz, W.H.; Balagtas, C.C.; Cheng, S.L.; Gelfand, R.A. Lancet, 2001, 357, 331.
12. Cefalu, W.T.; Skyler, J.S.; Kourides, I.A.; Landschulz, W.H.; Balagtas, C.C.; Cheng, S.L.; Gelfand, R.A. Ann. Intern. Med., 2001, 134, 203.
13. Kannel, W.B.; Hjortland., M.; Castelli, W.P. Am. J. Cardiol., 1974, 34, 295.
14. Regan, T.J.; Lyons, M.M.; Ahmed, S.S. J. Clin. Invest., 1977, 60, 885.
15. Ewing, D.J.; Campbell, I.W.; Clarke, B.F. Lancet, 1976, 601.
16. Maser, R.F.; Pfeifer, M.A.; Dorman, J.S.; Kuller, L.H.; Becker, D.J.; Orchard, T.J. Arch. Intern. Med., 1990, 10, 1218.
17. Cameron, J.S.; Ireland, J.T.; Watkins, P.J. The kidney and renal tract. In Complications of Diabetes, ed. by H. Keen and J. Jarrett, Edward Arnold, London, 1973.
18. Ellis, D.; Coonrod, B.A.; Dorman, J.S.; Kelsey, S.F.; Becker, D.J.; Avner, E.D.; Orchard, T.J. Am. J. Kidney Dis., 1989, 13, 321.
19. Yang, R.; Arem, R.; Chan, L. Arch. Intern. Med., 1984, 144, 1251.
20. Ogbonmaya, K.I.; Arem, R. Arch. Intern. Med., 1990, 150, 262.
21. Buck, A.C.; Reed, P.I.; Siddiq, Y.K.; Chisholm, G.D.; Fraser, T. Diabetologia, 1976, 12, 251.
22. McCulloch, D.K.; Young, R.J.; Presco, R,J,; Campbell, I.W.; Clarice, B.F. Diabetologia, 1984, 26, 437.
23. Ward, J.D. Br. Med. Bull., 1989, 45, 111.
24. Greene, D.A. Prevention and treatment of neuropathy. In Pharmacology of Diabetes, Present Practice and Future Perspectives, ed. by C.E. Morgensen and E. Standl, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, 1991, vol.3, pp. 297-324.
25. Sunderesan, P.R.; Sharma, V.K.; Gingold, S.I.; Banerjee, S.P. Endocrinology, 1984, 114, 1358.
26. Latifpour, J.; McNeill, J.H. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 1984, 230, 242.
27. Atkins, F.L.; Dowell, R.T.; Love, S. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol., 1985, 7, 66.
28. Karasu, C.; Ozturk, Y.; Altan, N.; Yildizoglu-Ari, N.; Ikizler, C.; Altan, V.M. Gen. Pharmacol., 1990, 21, 735.
29. Dincer, U.D.; Onay, A.; Ari, N.; Ozcelikay, A.T.; Altan, V.M. Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract., 1998, 40, 113.
30. Dincer, U.D.; Bidasee, K.R.; Guner, S.; Tay, A.; Ozcelikay, A.T.; Altan, V.M. Diabetes, 2001, 50, 455.
31. Laakso, M. Diabetes, 1999, 48, 937.
32. Grundy, S.M.; Benjamin, I.J.; Burke, G.L.; Chait, A.; Eckel, R.H.; Howard, B.V.; Mitch, W.; Smith, S.C. Jr.; Sowers, J.R. Circulation, 1999, 100, 1134.
33. The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group. The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. N. Eng. J. Med., 1993, 329, 977.
34. Beisswenger, P.J.; Makita, Z.; Curphey, T.J.; Moore, L.L.; Jean, S.; Brinck-Johnsen, T.; Bucala, R.; Vlassara, H. Diabetes, 1995, 44, 824.
35. Brownlee, M. Clin. Invest. Med., 1995, 18, 275.
36. West, I.C. Diabet Med, 2000, 17, 171.
37. Burg, M.B.; Kador, P.F. J. Clin. Invest., 1988, 81, 635.
38. Idris, I.; Gray, S.; Donnelly, R. Diabetologia, 2001, 44, 659.
39. Yabe-Nishimura, C. Pharmacol. Rev., 1998, 50, 21.
40. O'Hare, J.A. Am. J. Med., 1988, 84, 505.
41. Hers, H.G. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1956, 22, 202.
42. Van Heyningen, R. Nature, 1959, 184, 194.
43. Gonzalez, R.G.; Barnett, P.; Aguayo, J.; Cheng, H.M.; Chylack, L.T.J. Diabetes, 1984, 33, 196.
44. Bagnasco, S.M.; Uchida, S.; Balaban, R.S.; Kador, P.F.; Burg, M.B. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 1987, 84, 1718.
45. Nishimura, C.; Graham, C.; Hohman, T.C.; Nagata, M.; Robinson, W.G. Jr.; Carper, J. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 1988, 153, 1052.
46. Terubayashi, H.; Sato, S.; Nishumura, C.; Kador, P.F.; Kinoshita, J.H. Kidney Int., 1989, 36, 843.
47. Burg, M.B. Am. J. Physiol., 1995, 268, F983.
48. Burg, M.B.; Kwon, E.D.; Kultz, D. Ann. Rev. Physiol., 1997, 59, 437.
49. Ramana, K.V.; Chandra, D.; Srivastava, S.; Bhatnagar, A.; Aggarwal, B.B.; Srivastava, S.K. J. Biol. Chem., 2002, 277, 32063.
50. Kinoshita, J.H. Invest. Opthalmol., 1965, 4, 786.
51. Bhatnagar, A.; Ruef, J.; Liu, S.; Srivastava, S.; Srivastava, S.K. Chem. Biol. Interact., 2001, 30, 130.
52. Gabbay, K.H.; Merola, L.O.; Field, R.H. Science, 1966, 151, 209.
53. Costantino, L.; Rastelli, G.; Vianello, P.; Cignarella, G.; Barlocco, D. Med. Res. Rev., 1999, 19, 3.
54. Greene, D.A.; Lattimer, S.A.; Sima, A.A.F. N. Engl. J. Med., 1987, 316, 599.
55. Giugliano, D.; Ceriello, A.; Paolisso, G. Diabetes Care, 1996, 19, 257.
56. Koya, D.; King, G.L. Diabetes, 1998, 47, 859.
57. van Heyningen, R. Exp. Eye Res., 1962, 1, 396.
58. Nagata, M.; Hohman, T.C.; Nishimura, C.; Drea, C.M.; Oliver, C.; Robinson, W.G. Exp. Eye Res., 1989, 48, 667.
59. Pirie, A.; van Heyningen, R. Exp. Eye Res., 1964, 3, 124.
60. Kinoshita, J.H. Invest. Ophthalmol., 1974, 13, 713.
61. Lee, A.Y.; Chung, S.K.; Chung, S.S. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA., 1995, 92, 2780.
62. Varma, S.D.; Kinoshita, J.H. Exp. Eye Res., 1974, 577.
63. Altomare; E.; Vendemiale, G.; Grattagliano, I.; Angelini, P.; Micelli-Ferrari, T.; Cardia, L. Diabetes Metab., 1995, 21, 173.
64. Baynes, J.W.; Thorpe, S.R. Diabetes, 1999, 48, 1.
65. Mitton, K.P.; Dean, P.A.; Dzialoszynski, T.; Xiong, H.; Sanford, S.E.; Trevithick, J.R. Exp. Eye Res., 1993, 56, 187.
66. Mitton, K.P.; Dzialoszynski, T.; Sanford, S.E.; Trevithick, J.R. Curr. Eye Res., 1997, 16, 564.
67. Nourooz-Zadeh, J.; Rahimi, A.; Tajaddini-Sarmadi, J.; Tritschler, H.; Rosen, P.; Halliwell, B.; Betteridge, D.J. Diabetologia, 1997, 40, 647.
68. Wolff, S.P.; Dean, R.T. Biochem. J., 1987, 245, 243.
69. Ansari, N.H.; Wang, L.; Erwin, A.A.; Church, D.F. Biochem. Mol. Med., 1996, 59, 68.
70. Gonzalez, A.M.; Sochor, M.; McLean, P. Diabetes, 1986, 35, 1200.
71. Lee, A.Y.; Chung, S.S. FASEB J, 1999, 13, 23.
72. Williamson, J.R.; Chang, K.; Hasan, K.S.; Ido, Y.; Kawamura, T.; Nyengaard, J.R.; van den Enden, M.; Kilo, C.; Tilton, R.G. Diabetes, 1993, 42, 801.
73. Jain, S.K.; Palmer, M. Free Radic. Biol. Med., 1997, 22, 593.
74. Kashiwagi, A.; Asahina, T.; Ikebuchi, M.; Tanaka, Y.; Takagi, Y.; Nishio, Y.; Kikkawa, R.; Shigeta, Y. Diabetologia, 1994, 37, 264.
75. Cameron, N.E.; Cotter, M.A. Diabetologia, 1992, 35, 1011.
76. Tilton, R.G.; Chang, K.; Nyengaard, J.R.; van den Enden, M.; Ido. Y.; Williamson, J.R. Diabetes, 1995, 44, 234.
77. Chakrabarti, S.; Sima, A.A. Diabetes, 1989, 38, 244.
78. Kasuya, Y.; Ito, M.; Nakamura, J.; Hamada, Y.; Nakayama, M.; Chaya, S.; Komori, T.; Naruse, K.; Nakashima, E.; Kato, K.; Koh, N.; Hotta, N. Diabetologia, 1999, 42, 1404.
79. Cogan, D.G.; Kuwabara, T. Arch. Ophthalmol., 1967, 78, 133.
80. Kador; P.F.; Akagi, Y.; Terubayashi, H.; Wyman, M.; Kinoshita, JH. Arch Ophthalmol., 1988, 106, 1099.
81. Akagi, Y.; Kador, P.F.; Kuwabara, T.; Kinoshita, J.H. Invest. Opthalmol. Visual Sci., 1983, 24, 1516.
82. Sato, S.; Secchi, E.F.; Fukase, S.; Lizak, M.J.; Ohta, N.; Murata, M.; Tsai, J.Y.; Kador, P.F. Invest. Opthalmol. Visual Sci., 1999, 40, 697.
83. Murata, M.; Ohta, N.; Fujisawa, S.; Tsai, J.Y.; Sato, S.; Akagi, Y.; Takahashi, Y.; Neuenschwander, H.; Kador, P.F. J. Diabetes Complicat., 2002, 16, 363.
84. Vinik, A.I.; Park, T.S.; Stansberry, K.B.; Pittenger, G.L. Diabetologia, 2000, 43, 957.
85. Sima, A.A.F.; Sugimoto, K. Diabetologia, 1999, 42, 773.
86. Stevens, M.J.; Lattimer, S.A.; Kamijo, M.; Van Huysen, C.; Sima, A.A.F.; Greene, D.A. Diabetologia, 1993, 36, 608.
87. Mayer, J.H.; Tomlinson, D.R. Diabetologia, 1983, 25, 433.
88. Cameron, N.E.; Cotter, M.A. Diabetologia, 1996, 39, 1047.
89. Lai, S.; Szwergold, B.S.; Taylor, A.H.; Randall, W.C.; Kappler, F.; Wells-Knecht, K.; Baynes, J.W.; Brown, T.R. Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 1995, 318, 191.
90. Yagihashi, S.; Yamagishi, S.I.; Wada, Ri R.; Baba, M.; Hohman, T.C.; Yabe-Nishimura, C.; Kokai, Y. Brain, 2001, 124, 2448.
91. Hansen, S.V. Diabetes Metab. Res. Rev., 2001, 17, 330.
92. Greene, D.A.; Stevens, M.J.; Obrosova, I.; Feldman, E.L. Eur. J. Pharmacol., 1999, 375, 217.
93. Yamaoka, T.; Nishimura, C.; Yamashita, K.; Itakura, M.; Yamada, T.; Fujimoto, J.; Kokai, Y. Diabetologia, 1995, 38, 255.
94. Yagihashi, S.; Yamagishi, S.; Wada, R.; Sugimoto, K.; Baba, M.; Wonh, H.C.; Fujimoto, J.; Nishimura, C.; Kokai, Y. Diabetes, 1996, 45, 56.
95. Yagihashi, S. Diabetes Metab. Rev., 1995, 11, 193.
96. Bianchi, R.; Marelli, C.; Marini, P. Diabetologia, 1990, 33, 131.
97. Maxfield, E.K.; Love, A.; Cotter, M.A.; Cameron, N.E. Am. J. Physiol., 1995, 269, E530.
98. Rubanyi, G.M.; Polokoff, M.A. Pharmacol. Rev., 1994, 46, 325.
99. Cameron, N.E.; Cotter, M.A. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 1996, 278, 1262.
100. Tesfamariam, B.; Cohen, R.A. Am. J. Physiol., 1992, 163, H321.
101. Cooper, M.E. Diabetologia, 2001, 44, 1957.
102. Pfeifer, M.A.; Schumer, M.P.; Gelber, D.A. Diabetes, 1997, 46(Suppl. 2), S82.
103. Ward, W.H.; Cook, P.N.; Mirrlees, D.J.; Brittain, D.R.; Preston, J.; Carey, F.; Tuffin, D.P.; Howe, R. Biochem. Pharmacol., 1991, 42, 2115.
104. Judzewitsch, R.G.; Jaspan, J.B.; Polonsky, K.S.; Weinberg, C.R.; Halter, J.B.; Halar, E.; Pfeifer, M.A.; Vukadinovic, C.; Bernstein, L.; Schneider, M.; Liang, KN.; Gabbay, K.H.; Rubenstein, A.H.; Porte, D. Jr. N. Engl. J. Med., 1983, 308, 119.
105. O'Hare, J.P.; Morgan, M.H.; Alden, P.; Chissel, S.; O'Brien, I.A.; Corrall, R.J. Diabetic Med., 1988, 5, 537.
106. Sima, A.A.; Bril, V.; Nathaniel, V.; McEven, T.A.; Brown, M.B.; Lattimer, S.A.; Greene, D.A. N. Engl. J. Med., 1988, 319, 548.
107. Pitts, N.E.; Vreeland, F.; Shaw, G.L.; Peterson, M.J.; Mehta, D.J.; Collier, J.; Gundersan, K. Metabolism, 1986, 35(Suppl. 1), 96S.
108. Boulton, A.J.M.; Levin, S.; Comstock, J. Diabetologia, 1990, 33, 431.
109. Giugliano, D.; Marfella, R.; Quatraro, A.; De Rosa, N.; Salvatore, T.; Cozzolino, D.; Ceriello, A.; Torella, R. Ann. Intern. Med., 1993, 118, 7.
110. Giugliano, D.; Acampora, R.; Marfella, R.; Di Mario, G.; De Rosa, N.; Misso, L.; Ceriello, A.; Quatraro, A.; D'Onofrio, F. Diabetes Care, 1995, 18, 536.
111. Didangelos, T.P.; Karamitsos, D.T.; Athyros, V.G.; Kourtoglou, G.I. J. Diabetes Complications, 1998, 12, 201.
112. Nicolucci, A.; Carinci, F.; Graepel, J.G.; Hohman, T.C.; Ferris, F.; Lachin, J.M. Diabetes Care, 1996, 19, 1091.
113. Fretten, P.; Tomlinson, D.R.; Townsend, J. Br. J. Pharmacol., 1984, 82, P265.
114. Sundkuist, G.; Armstrong, F.M.; Bradbury, J.E.; Chaplin, C.; Ellis, S.H.; Ownes. D.R.; Rosen, I.; Sonksen, P. J. Diabetes Complications, 1992, 6, 123.
115. Krentz, A.J.; Honingsberger, L.; Ellis, S.H.; Hardman, M.; Nattrass, M. Diabetic Med., 1992, 9, 463.
116. Greene, D.A; Sima, A.A.F. Diabetic Med., 1993, 10(Suppl. 2), 31S.
117. Kamon, N.; Mabuchi, H.; Takeda, R.; Terashima, H. Horm. Metab. Res., 1991, 23, 226.
118. Okayama, N.; Omi, H.; Okouchi, M.; Imaeda, K.; Kato, T.; Akao, M.; Imai, S.; Shimizu, M.; Fukutomi, T.; Itoh, M. J. Diabetes Complications, 2002, 16, 321.
119. Mylari, B.L.; Zembrowski, W.J.; Beyer, T.A.; Aldinger, C.E.; Siegel, T.W. J. Med. Chem., 1992, 35, 2155.
120. Greene, D.A.; Arezzo, J.C.; Brown, M.B. Neurology, 1999, 53, 580.
121. Beyer-Mears, A.; Mistry, K.; Diecke, F.P.; Cruz, E. Pharmacology, 1996, 52, 292.
122. Ramasamy, R.; Oates, P.J.; Schaefer, S. Diabetes, 1997, 46, 292.
123. Asano, T.; Saito, Y.; Kawakami, M.; Yamada, N. J. Diabetes Complications, 2002, 16, 133.
124. Ozturk, Y.; Altan, V.M.; Yildizoglu-Ari, N. Pharmacol. Rev., 1996, 48, 69.
125. Matsuoka, K. BIO Clinica, 1997, 12, 117.
126. Mizuno, K.; Kato, N.; Makino, M.; Suzuki, T.; Shindo, M. J. Diabetes Complications, 1999, 13, 141.
127. Hamada, Y.; Kitoh, R.; Raskin, P. Diabetes, 1991, 40, 1233.
128. Soulis-Liparota, T.; Cooper, M.; Papazoglou, D.; Clarke, B.; Jerums, G. Diabetes, 1991, 40, 1328.
129. Nicholis, K.; Mandel, T. Lab. Invest., 1989, 60, 486.
130. Vlassara, H.; Brownlee, M.; Cerami, A. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA., 1981, 78, 5190.
131. Vlassara, H.; Brownlee, M.; Cerami, A. Diabetes, 1983, 32, 670.
132. Soulis-Liparota, T.; Cooper, M.E.; Dunlop, M.; Jerums, G. Diabetologia, 1995, 38, 387.
133. Philips, S.A.; Mirrless, D.; Thornally, P.J. Biochem. Pharmacol., 1993, 46, 805.
134. Brownlee, M.; Vlassara, H.; Kooney, A.; Ulrich, P.; Cerami, A. Science, 1986, 232, 1629.
135. Corbrett, J.A.; Tilton, R.G.; Chang, K.; Hassan, K.S.; Ido, Y.; Wang, J.L. Diabetes, 1992, 41, 552.
136. Brownlee, M. Diabetes, 1994, 43, 836.
137. Huby, R.; Harding, J.J. Exp. Eye Res., 1988, 47, 53.
138. Vinson, J.A.; Howard, III T.B. J. Nutr. Biochem., 1996, 7, 659.
139. Ceriello, A.; Giugliano, D.; Quatraro, A.; Donzella, C.; Dipalo, G.; Lefebvre, P.J. Diabetes Care, 1991, 14, 68.
140. Le Guen, C.A.; Bain, S.; Barnett, A.H.; Lunec, J. Agents Action, 1992, 36, 264.
141. Yagihashi, S.; Kamijo, M.; Baba, M.; Yagihashi, N.; Nagai, K. Diabetes, 1992, 41, 47.
142. Drickamer, K. Nature, 1996, 382, 211.
143. Vassan, S.; Zhang, X.; Zang, X.; Kapurniotu, A.; Bernhagen, J.; Teichberg, S.; Basgen, J.; Wagle, D.; Shih, D.; Terlecky, I.; Bucala, R.; Cerami, A.; Egan, J.; Ulrich, P. Nature, 1996, 382, 275.
144. Stadtman, E.R. Science, 1992, 257, 1220.
145. Sato, Y.; Hotta, N.; Sakamoto, N.; Matsuoka, S.; Ohishi, N.; Yagi, K. Biochem. Med., 1979, 21, 104.
146. Jain, S.K. J. Biol. Chem., 1989, 264, 21340.
147. Tesfamariam, B.; Cohen, R.A. Am. J. Physiol., 1992, 263, H321.
148. Karasu, C,; Altan, V.M. Gen. Pharmac., 1993, 743.
149. Karasu, C., Altan, V.M. Gen. Pharmac., 1994, 795.
150. Wolf, S.P.; Dean, R.T. Biochem. J., 1987, 245, 243.
151. Bucala, R.; Makita, Z.; Koschinsky, T.; Cerami, A.; Vlassara, H. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA., 1993, 90, 6434.
152. Cotter, M.A.; Love, A.; Watt, M.J.; Cameron, N.E.; Dines, K.C. Diabetologia, 1995, 38, 1285.
153. Cotter, M.A.; Cameron, N.E. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch. Pharmacol., 1995, 351, 630.
154. Low, P.A.; Yao, J.K.; Kishi, Y.; Tritschler, H.J.; Schmelzer, J.D.; Zollman, P.J.; Nickander, K.K. Neuroscience Research Communications, 1997, 21, 49.
155. Nagamatsu, M.; Nickander, K.K.; Schmelzer, J.D.; Raya, A.; Wittrock, D.A.; Trischler, H.; Low, P.A. Diabetes Care, 1995, 18, 1160.
156. Xia, P.; Inoguchi, T.; Kern, T.S.; Engerman, R.L.; Oates, P.J.; King, G.L. Diabetes, 1994, 43, 1122.
157. Taniguchi, N.; Kaneto, H.; Asahi, M.; Takahashi, M.; Wenyi, C.; Higashiyama, S.; Fujii, J.; Suzuki, K.; Kayanoki, Y. Diabetes, 1996, 45(Suppl 3), S81.
158. Cameron, N.E; Cotter, M.A.; Archibald, V.; Dines, K.C.; Maxfield, E.K. Diabetologia, 1994, 3 7, 449.
159. Karasu, C.; Dewhurst, M.; Stevens, E.J.; Tomlinson, D.R. Diabetologia, 1995, 38, 129.
160. Bravenboer, B.; Kappelle, A.C.; Hamers, F.P.T.; van Buren, T.; Erkelens, D.W.; Gispen, W.H. Diabetologia, 1992, 35, 813.
161. Cameron, N.E.; Cotter, M.A. J. Clin. Invest, 1995, 96, 1159.
162. Ziegler, D.; Schatz, H.; Conrad, F.; Gries, F.A.; Ulrich, H.; Reichel, G. Diabetes Care, 1997, 20, 369.
163. Ziegler, D.; Gries, F.A. Diabetes, 1997, 46(Suppl 2), S62.
164. Ziegler, D.; Hanefeld, M.; Ruhnau, K.J.; Hasche, H.; Lobisch, M; Schutte, K.; Kcrum, G.; Malessa, R. Diabetes Care, 1999, 22, 1296.
165. Low, P.A.; Nickander, K.K.; Tritschler, H.J. Diabetes, 1997, 46(Suppl 2), S38.
166. Sone, H.; Okuda, Y.; Tsurushima, Y.; Asano, M.; Suzuki, S.; Kawakami, Y.; Yamashita, K. Prostaglandins, 1997, 53, 395.
167. Podar, T.; Tuomilehto, J. Drugs, 2002, 62, 2007.
168. Studney, D. Can. J. Cardiol., 2002, 18(Suppl A), 3A.
169. Miyata, T.; Van Ypersele, D.E.; Strihou, C.; Ueda, Y.; Ichim, K.; Inagi, R.; Onogi, H.; Ishikawa, N.; Nangaku, M.; Kurokawa, K. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., 2002, 13, 2478.