Fat as a risk factor for obesity in the pediatric population;La grasa como factor de riesgo de obesidad en la población infantil

Endocrinologia y Nutricion

Volumn 50, Issue 6, 2003, Pages 198-209

  Vazquez C ^a  

^a HOSPITAL RAMÓN Y CAJAL   (Spain)

Author keywords

Caloric density; Childhood obesity; Dietary fat; Fast food; Prevalence

Indexed keywords

CARBOHYDRATE; FAT;

BODY MASS; CALORIC INTAKE; CANCER; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CHILD; CHILDHOOD DISEASE; DEVELOPED COUNTRY; DEVELOPING COUNTRY; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; FAT INTAKE; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; OBESITY; PREVALENCE; REVIEW; SATIETY; SPAIN; WEIGHT GAIN;

EID: 0042167541     PISSN: 15750922     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/s1575-0922(03)74530-6     Document Type: Review

References (95)

1. Freedman DS, Srinivasan SR, Harsha DW, Webber LS, Berenson GS. Relation of body fat patterning to lipid and lipoprotein concentrations in children and adolescents: the Bogalusa Heart Study. Am J Clin Nutr 1989;50:930-9.
2. Unger R, Kreeger L, Christofel K. Childhood obesity. Medical and familial correlates and age of onset. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 1990;29:368-73.
3. Hammer LD, Wilson DM, Litt IF, Killen JD, Hayward C, Minez B, et al. Impact of pubertal development on body fat distribution among white, hispanic and asian females adolescents. J Pediatr 1991;118:975-80.
4. Chu NF, Rimm EB, Wang DJ, Liou HS, Shieh SM. Clustering of cardiovascular disease risk factors among obese schoolchildren: the Taipei Children Heart Study. Am J Clin Nutr 1998;67:1141-6.
5. Okada T, Sato Y, Yamazaki H, Iwata F, Hara M, Misawa M, et al. Relationship between fat distribution and lipid and apolipoprotein profiles in young teenagers. Acta Paediatr Jpn 1998;40:35-40.
6. Spielgelman D, Israel RG, Bouchard C, Willett WC. Absolute fat mass, percent body fat and body-fat distribution: which is the real determinant of blood pressure and serum glucose? Am J Clin Nutr 1992;55:1033-44.
7. WHO Consultation on obesity. Obesity: preventing and managing the global epidemic. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1998.
8. Kuczmarski R, Flegal K, Campbell S, Johnson C. Increasing prevalence of overweight among USA adults. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) 1969 to 1991. JAMA 1994;272:205-14.
9. Foz M, Barbany M, Remesar X, Carrillo M, Aranceta J, García Luna PP, et al. Consenso SEEDO'2000 para la evaluación del sobrepeso y la obesidad, y el establecimiento de criterios de intervención terapéutica. Med Clin (Barc) 2000;115:587-97.
10. Cole TJ. The LMS method for constructing normalised growth standards. Eur J Clin Nutr 1990;44:45-60.
11. Cole TJ, Bellizzi MC, Flegal KM, Dietz WH. Establishing a standard definition for child overweight and obesity worldwide: international survey. BMJ 2000;320:1240-3.
12. Deuremberg P. Universal cutt-off BMI points for obesity are not appropiate. Br J Nutr 2001;85:135-6.
13. Sorensen TI, Sonne Holm S. Risk childhood of development of severe adult obesity: retrospective, population-based case-cohort study. Am J Epidemiol 1988;127:104-13.
14. Clarke WR, Lauer RM. Does childhood obesity track into adulthood? Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 1993;33:423-30.
15. Gasser T, Kneip A, Ziegler P, Molinari L, Prader A, Largo RH. Development and outcome of indices of obesity in normal children. Ann Hum Biol 1994;21:275-86.
16. Braddon FE, Rodgers B, Wadsworth ME, Davies JM. Onset of obesity in a 36 year birth cohort study. BMJ (Clinical research ed.) 1986;293:299-30.
17. Freedman DS, Shear CL, Burke GL, Srinivasan SR, Webber LS, Harsha DW, et al. Persistence of juvenile-onset obesity over eigth years: the Bogalusa Heart Study. Am J Public Health 1987;77:588-92.
18. Mossberg HO. Overweight in children and youths-a 40-year follow up study. Nord Med 1991;106:184-6.
19. Dietz WH. Critical periods in chilhood for the development of obesity. Am J Clin Nutr 1994;59:955-9.
20. Rolland-Cachera MF, Deheeger M, Bellisle F, Sempe M, Guilloud-Batouille M, Patois E. Adiposity rebound in children: a simple indicator for predicting obesity. Am J Clin Nutr 1984;39:129-35.
21. Dwyer J, Coleman KA, Valadian I. Body mass index from childhood to middle age: a 50-y follow-up. Am J Clin Nutr 1992;56:14-8.
22. Guo SS, Roche AF, Chumlea WC, Gardner JD, Siervogel RM. The predictive value of childhood body mass index values for overweight at age 35 y. Am J Clin Nutr 1994;59:810-9.
23. PAIDOS'84. Estudio epidemiológico sobre nutrición y obesidad infantil. Proyecto universitario. Madrid: Jomagar, 1985.
24. Aranceta J. Tendencias de consumo, hábitos alimentarios y estado nutricional de la población escolar de Bilbao [tesis doctoral]. Bilbao: Universidad del País Vasco, 1988.
25. Nogueroles PJ, Ruiz MA, Martínez JM, Calero FM. Estudio epidemiológico de la obesidad infantil y adolescente en población infantil meridional española. Enfermería Clínica 1992;2:22-7.
26. Consumo de alimentos y estados nutricional de la población escolar de la Comunidad de Madrid (CAENPE). Madrid: Publicaciones del Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo, 1994; p. 33-49.
27. Agorreta T, Aguirre M, Pérez C, Aranceta J, Hábitos de consumo alimentario y estado nutricional de la población adolescente escolarizada en San Sebastián. Bilbao: Programa de Nutrición. Direccción de Salud Pública. Gobierno Vasco, 1991.
28. Serra LL, Ribas L, García R, et al. Avaluació de l'estat nutricional de la població catalana (1992-93). Barcelona: Generalitat de Catalunya. Departament de Sanitat i Seguretat Social, 1996.
29. Quiles J, Vioque J. Prevalencia de obesidad en la Comunidad Valenciana. Med Clin (Barc) 1996;106:529-33.
30. Martínez F, Salcedo F, Rodriguez Artalejo F, Martinez V, Domínguez HL, Torrijos R. Prevalencia de la obesidad y mantenimiento del estado ponderal tras un seguimiento de 6 años en niños y adolescentes: estudio de Cuenca. Med Clin (Barc) 2002;119:327-30.
31. Tormo MJ, Navarro C. Factores de riesgo cardiovasculares en la región de Murcia. 1992. Serie Informes 20. Murcia: Consejería de Sanidad y Asuntos Sociales, 1995.
32. Gutiérrez Fisac JL, Regidor E, Rodríguez C. Prevalencia de la obesidad en España. Med Clin (Barc) 1994;102:10-3.
33. Locard E, Gemelli J. The environment of the obese child. Comparison with a reference population. Pediatrie 1989;44:35-9.
34. Ceratti F, Garavaglia M, Piatti L, Brambilla P, Rondanini GF, Bolla P, et al. Screening for obesity in a schoolchildren population of the 20th zone of Milan and a nutritional education intervention. Epidemiol Prev 1990;12:1-6.
35. Nuutinen EM, Turtinen J, Pokka T, Kuusela V, Dahlstrom S, Viikari J, et al. Obesity in children, adolescents and young adults. Ann Med 1991;23:41-6.
36. Troiano RP, Flegal KM. Overweight children and adolescents: description, epidemiology and demographics. Pediatrics 1998;101:497-504.
37. Ebbeling CB, Pawlak DB, Ludwig DS. Childhood obesity: public health crisis, common sense cure. Lancet 2002;360:473-82.
38. Bjöntorp P, Brodoff BN, editors. Epidemiology of obesity. Philadelphia: JB Lipincott, 1992.
39. Seidell JC, Deerenberg I. Obesity in Europe: prevalence and consequences for use of medical care. Pharmacoeconomics 1994;5(Suppl 1):38-44.
40. Seidell JC. Time trends in obesity: an epidemiological perspective. Horm Metab Res 1997;29:155-8.
41. Vázquez C. Epidemiología de la obesidad: estado actual en los países desarrollados. Endocrinol Nutr 1999;46:302-15.
42. Nicklas TA, Baranowski T, Cullen KW, Berenson G. Eating patterns, dietary quality and obesity. J Am Coll Nutr 2001;20:599-608.
43. Gutiérrez Fisac JL. Aumento de la prevalencia de obesidad en España. Formación Continuada en Nutrición y Obesidad 1998;1:9-11.
44. Deheeger M, Rolland-Cachera MF, Labadie MD, Rossignol C. Étude longitudinale de la croissance et de l'alimentation d'enfrants examinés de l'âge de 10 mois à 8 ans. Cahiers de Nutrition et Dietétique 1994;29:1-8.
45. Rolland-Cachera MF, Spycherelle Y, Deschamps JP. Evolution of pediatric obesity in France. Int J Obesity 1992;16(Suppl 1):5.
46. Sorensen TIA, Price RA. Secular trends in body mass index among danish yowg men. Int J Obesity 1990;14:411-9.
47. Frisancho R, Flegel PN. Advanced naturation associated with centripetal fat pattern. Hum Biol 1982;54:717-27.
48. Eveleth P, Tanner JM. Worlwide variation in human growth. 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990.
49. Rolland-Cachera MF. Prediction of adult body composition fron infant and child measurements. En: Davies PSW, Cole TJ, editors. Body composition techniques in health and disease. Cambridge: Cambridge Univesity Press, 1995; p. 100-45.
50. Vol S, Tichet J, Rolland-Cachera MF. Trends in the prevalence of obesity between 1980 and 1996 among french adults and children. Int J Obes 1998;22(Suppl 3):S210.
51. Berenson GS, Srinivasan SR, Bao W. Precursors of cardiovascular risk in young adults from a biracial (black-white) population: the Bogalusa Heart Study. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1997;28:189-98.
52. Hernández M, Castellet J, Narvaiza JL, Rincón JM, Ruiz E, Sánchez E, et al. Curvas y tablas de crecimiento. Instituto de investigación sobre crecimiento y desarrollo. Fundación Faustino Orbegozo. Madridl: Ed. Garsi, 1988.
53. Doña JL, Bueno A, Martínez A. Estudio de los parámetros antropométricos peso, talla y perímetro cefálico en escolares de Málaga ciudad. An Esp Pediatr 1990;3:229-32.
54. Moreno B, Monereo S, Moreno FJ, Desco M. Curvas de crecimiento de los niños de la Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid. Pediatría 1987;45:11-26.
55. Cilleruelo ML, Román E, Vázquez C, Martínez de Icaya P, Jaunsolo MA, López del Val T, et al. Valoración antropométrica nutricional de la población escolar de la Comunidad de Madrid. An Esp Pediatr 1995;43:407-12.
56. Rissanen AM, Heliövaara M, Knekt P, Reunanen A, Aromaa A. Determinants of weight gain and overweight in adult Finns. Eur J Clin Nutr 1991;45:419-30.
57. Dietz WH, Gortmaker SL. Factors within the physical environment associated with childhood obesity. Am J Clin Nutr 1984;39:619-24.
58. Ravussin E, Harper I, Rising R, Fontvieille AM. Human obesity is associated with lower levels of physical activity: results from doubly labelled water and gas exchanges. FASEB J 1991;5:A554.
59. Ferraro R, Boyce VL, Swinburn B, De Gregorio M, Ravussin E. Energy cost of physical activity on a metabolic ward in relationship to obesity. Am J Clin Nutr 1991;53:1368-71.
60. Mo-suwan L, Junjana C, Puetpaiboon A. Increasing obesity in school children in a transitional society and the effect of the weight control program. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 1993;24:590-594.
61. Monteiro CA, Mondini L, de Souza AL, Popkin BM. The nutritional transition in Brazil. Eur J Clin Nutr 1995;49:105-113.
62. Delpeuch F, Maire B. Obesity and developing countries of the south. Med Trop (Mars) 1997;57(4):380-388.
63. Steyn K, Bourne L, Jooste P, Fourie JM, Rossouw K, Lombard C. Anthropometric profile of a black population of the Cape peninsula in South Africa. East Afr Med J 1998;75 (1):35-40.
64. Schroeder DG, Martorell R, Flores R. Infant and child growth and fatness and fat distribution in Guatemalan adults. Am J Epidemiol 1999;149(2):177-185.
65. Locard E, Mamelle N, Muñoz F, Miginiac M, Billette A, Rey S. Mode de vie de l'enfant et obésité das une population d'enfants de cinq ans. Rev Epidem Santé Publ 1992;40:460-466.
66. Hewitt JK. The genetics of obesity: what heve genetic studies told us about the environment. Behav Genet 1997;27(4):353-8.
67. Bar-Or O, Foreyt J, Bouchard C, Brownell KD, Dietz WH, Ravussin E et al. Physical activity, genetic and nutritional considerations in childhood weight management. Me dSci Sports Exerc 1998;30:2-10.
68. Vázquez C, De Cos AI:, Martínez P. et al. Nutrient and food consumption by ages and gender in school children from the comunity of Madrid (CAENPE). Rev Clin Esp 1996;196:501-8.
69. Moreno LA, Sarria A, Lazaro A, Bueno M. Dietary fat intake and body mass index in spanish children. Am J Clin Nutr 2000;72(Supl 5):1399-403.
70. Leis R, Pavon P, Queiro T, Racarey D, Tojo R. Atherogenic diet and bloood lipid profiles in children and adolescents from Galicia. NW Spain. The Galinut Study Acta Paeditrica. 1999;88:19-23.
71. Schoeller DA. Limitations in the assessment of dietary energy intake by self report. Metabolism 1995;44(Suppl):18-22.
72. Zurlo F, Lillioja S, Espósito del Puente A, Nyomba BL, Raz I, Saad MF, et al. Low ratio of fat to carbohydrate oxidation as a predictor of weight gain: study of 24 hours respiratory quotient. Am J Physiol 1990;259:E650-7.
73. Prentice AM. Are all calories equal? En: Cottrell R, editor. Weight control: the current perspective. London: Chapman, 1995; p. 8-33.
74. Schutz Y, Flatt JP, Jécquier E. Failure of dietary fat intake to promote fat oxidation: a factor favouring the development of obesity. Am J Clin Nutr 1989;53:1124-9.
75. Alfieri M, Pomerlean J, Grace DM. A comparison of fat intake of normal weight moderately obese and severely obese subjects. Obes Surg 1997;7:9-15.
76. Nguyen VT, Larson DE, Johnson RK, Goran MI. Fat intake and adiposity in children of lean and obese parents. Am J Clin Nutr 1996;63:507-13.
77. Vázquez C, Gargallo M, Pérez RB, Garrido M, Martínez M, De Cos AI, et al. Influencia de la ingesta habitual de energía y nutrientes en el estado nutricional de escolares de 6 a 14 años. Nutr Hosp 1992;3:217-25.
78. Kendall A, Levitsky DA, Strupp BJ, Lissner L. Weight loss on a low fat diet: consequence of the "imprecission" of the control of food intake in humans. Am J Clin Nutr 1991;53:1124-9.
79. Serra LL, Aranceta J, editores. Alimentación infantil y juvenil. Estudio enKid. Barcelona: Masson, 2002.
80. De Cos AI. Dieta mediterránea: Patrón de referencia en alimentación infantil? [tesis doctoral]. Madrid: UAM, 2001.
81. Cummings DE, Schwartz MW. Genetics and pathophysiology of human obesity. Annu Rev Med 2003;54:453-71.
82. Saris WHM, Astrup A, Prentice AM, Zunft FJF, Formiguera X, Verbroeket-Van de Venne WP, et al. Randomized controlled trial of changes in dietary carbohydrate/fat ratio versus complex carbohydrates on body weight and blood lipids. The CARMEN study. The carbohydrte ratio management in european national diets. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2000;24:1310-8.
83. Astrup A. Dietary approaches to reducing body weight. Baillière's Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999;13:109-20.
84. Salmeron J, Mn FB, Mauson JE, Stampfer MJ, Colditz GA, Rimm EB, et al. Dietary fat intake and risk of type 2 diabetes in women. Am J Clin Nutr 2001;73:1019-26.
85. Heini AF, Weinsier RL. Divergent trends in obesity and fat intake patterns: the american paradox. Am J Med 1997;102:259-64.
86. Jecquier E. Is fat intake a risk factor for fat gain in children? J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001;86:980-3.
87. Stubbs RJ, Harbron CG, Murgatroyd PR, Prentice AM. Covert manipulation of dietary fat and energy density: effect on substrate flux and food intake in men eating ad libitum. Am J Clin Nutr 1995;62:316-29.
88. McCrory MA, Fuss PJ, Saltzman E, Roberts SB. Dietary determinants of energy intake and weight regulation inhealthy adults. J Nutr 2000;130:S276-9.
89. Yeomans MR, Grays RW, Mitchell C, True S. Independent effects of palability and within-meal pauses onintake and appetite ratings in human volunteers. Appetite 1997;29:61-76.
90. Troiano RP, Briefel RR, Carroll MD, Bialostosky K. Energy and fat intakes of childrenand adolescents in the United states: data form de National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. Am J Clin Nutr 2000;72(Suppl):S1343-53.
91. French SA, Story M, Neumark-Szteiner D, Fulkernon JA, Hauman P. Fast food restaurant use among adolescents: associations with nutrient intake food, food choices and behavioral and phychosocial variables. Int J Obesity 2001;25:1823-33.
92. Binkley JK, Eales J, Jekanowski M. The realtion between dietary change and rising US obesity. Int J Obesity 2000;24:1032-9.
93. Lopez del Val T, Estívariz CF, Martínez de Icaya P, Jaunsolo MA, del Olmo D, Vázquez C. Consumo de dulces y snacks en la población escolar de la Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid. Med Clin (Barc) 1997;109:88-91.
94. Aranceta J, Pérez C, Serra LL, Ribas L, Quiles J, Vioque J, et al. Prevalencia de la obesidad en España. Informe preliminar. Barcelona: Sociedad Española para el Estudio de la Obesidad (SEEDO), 1996.
95. Ríos M, Fluiters E, Pérez Méndez LF, García-Mayor EG, García-Mayor RV. Prevalence of childhood overweight in northwestern Spain. A comparative study of two periods with a ten years interval. J Obes Relat Meatb Disord 1999;23:1995-8.