메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 108, Issue 2, 2003, Pages

Arctic transitions in the Land - Atmosphere System (ATLAS): Background, objectives, results, and future directions

Author keywords

Alaska; Arctic; Carbon; Energy; Tundra; Water

Indexed keywords

BOUNDARY LAYER; HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE; SPATIOTEMPORAL ANALYSIS;

EID: 0042141154     PISSN: 01480227     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002367     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (33)

References (85)
  • 1
    • 0000757412 scopus 로고
    • The role of sea ice and other fresh water in the arctic circulation
    • Aagaard, K., and E. C. Carmack, The role of sea ice and other fresh water in the arctic circulation, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 14,485-14,498, 1989.
    • (1989) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.94 , pp. 14485-14498
    • Aagaard, K.1    Carmack, E.C.2
  • 2
    • 0034621899 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduced growth of Alaska white spruce in the twentieth century from temperature-induced drought stress
    • Barber, V. A., G. P. Juday, and B. P. Finney, Reduced growth of Alaska white spruce in the twentieth century from temperature-induced drought stress, Nature, 405, 668-673, 2000.
    • (2000) Nature , vol.405 , pp. 668-673
    • Barber, V.A.1    Juday, G.P.2    Finney, B.P.3
  • 3
    • 0042005904 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atmospheric components of the Arctic Ocean freshwater balance and their interannual variability
    • edited by E. L. Lewis, Kluwer Acad., Norwell, Mass
    • Barry, R. G., and M. C. Serreze, Atmospheric components of the Arctic Ocean freshwater balance and their interannual variability, in The Freshwater Budget of the Arctic Ocean, edited by E. L. Lewis, pp. 45-56, Kluwer Acad., Norwell, Mass., 2000.
    • (2000) The Freshwater Budget of the Arctic Ocean , pp. 45-56
    • Barry, R.G.1    Serreze, M.C.2
  • 4
    • 0034626733 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Offset of the potential carbon sink from boreal forestation by decreases in surface albedo
    • Betts, R. A., Offset of the potential carbon sink from boreal forestation by decreases in surface albedo, Nature, 408, 187-190, 2000.
    • (2000) Nature , vol.408 , pp. 187-190
    • Betts, R.A.1
  • 5
    • 0346639260 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seasonal snow cover on frozen ground: Energy balance calculations of a permafrost site near Ny-Alesund, Spitsbergen
    • doi:10.1029/2001JD000939, in press
    • Boike, J., K. Roth, and O. Ippisch, Seasonal snow cover on frozen ground: Energy balance calculations of a permafrost site near Ny-Alesund, Spitsbergen, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D2), doi:10.1029/2001JD000939, in press, 2003.
    • (2003) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.108 , Issue.D2
    • Boike, J.1    Roth, K.2    Ippisch, O.3
  • 6
    • 0027038332 scopus 로고
    • Effects of boreal forest vegetation on global climate
    • Bonan, G. B., D. Pollard, and S. L. Thompson, Effects of boreal forest vegetation on global climate, Nature, 359, 716-718, 1992.
    • (1992) Nature , vol.359 , pp. 716-718
    • Bonan, G.B.1    Pollard, D.2    Thompson, S.L.3
  • 7
    • 0030716515 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The response of global terrestrial ecosystems to interannual temperature variability
    • Braswell, B. H., D. S. Schimel, E. Linder, and B. Moore III, The response of global terrestrial ecosystems to interannual temperature variability, Science, 278, 870-872, 1997.
    • (1997) Science , vol.278 , pp. 870-872
    • Braswell, B.H.1    Schimel, D.S.2    Linder, E.3    Moore III, B.4
  • 8
    • 0030657055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2 upset the current balance?
    • 2 upset the current balance?, Science, 278, 1582-1588, 1997.
    • (1997) Science , vol.278 , pp. 1582-1588
    • Broecker, W.1
  • 9
    • 0030613133 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Time lags and novel ecosystems in response to transient climatic change in arctic Alaska
    • Chapin, F. S., III, and A. M. Starfield, Time lags and novel ecosystems in response to transient climatic change in arctic Alaska, Clim. Change, 35, 449-461, 1997.
    • (1997) Clim. Change , vol.35 , pp. 449-461
    • Chapin III, F.S.1    Starfield, A.M.2
  • 10
    • 0034425431 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Feedbacks from arctic and boreal ecosystems to climate
    • Chapin, F. S., III, et al., Feedbacks from arctic and boreal ecosystems to climate, Global Change Biol., 6, S211-S223, 2000a.
    • (2000) Global Change Biol. , vol.6
    • Chapin III, F.S.1
  • 11
    • 0034209867 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Summer differences among arctic ecosystems in regional climate forcing
    • Chapin, F. S., III, W. Eugster, J. P. McFadden, A. H. Lynch, and D. A. Walker, Summer differences among arctic ecosystems in regional climate forcing, J. Clim., 13, 2002-2010, 2000b.
    • (2000) J. Clim. , vol.13 , pp. 2002-2010
    • Chapin III, F.S.1    Eugster, W.2    McFadden, J.P.3    Lynch, A.H.4    Walker, D.A.5
  • 12
    • 0033610917 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental controls on soil respiration in the Eurasian and Greenlandic Arctic
    • Christensen, T. R., S. Jonasson, A. Michelsen, T. V. Callaghan, and M. Hastrom, Environmental controls on soil respiration in the Eurasian and Greenlandic Arctic, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 29,015-29,021, 1998.
    • (1998) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.103 , pp. 29015-29021
    • Christensen, T.R.1    Jonasson, S.2    Michelsen, A.3    Callaghan, T.V.4    Hastrom, M.5
  • 13
    • 0034426027 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling carbon responses of tundra ecosystems to historical and projected climate: A comparison of a plot- and a global-scale ecosystem model to identify process-based uncertainties
    • Clein, J., B. Kwiatkowski, A. D. McGuire, J. E. Hobbie, E. B. Rastetter, J. M. Melillo, and D. W. Kicklighter, Modeling carbon responses of tundra ecosystems to historical and projected climate: A comparison of a plot- and a global-scale ecosystem model to identify process-based uncertainties. Global Change Biol., 6, S127-S140, 2000.
    • (2000) Global Change Biol. , vol.6
    • Clein, J.1    Kwiatkowski, B.2    McGuire, A.D.3    Hobbie, J.E.4    Rastetter, E.B.5    Melillo, J.M.6    Kicklighter, D.W.7
  • 14
    • 36949056771 scopus 로고
    • Release of carbon dioxide from frozen soil to the arctic atmosphere
    • Coyne, P. I, and J. J. Kelley, Release of carbon dioxide from frozen soil to the arctic atmosphere, Nature, 234, 407-408, 1971.
    • (1971) Nature , vol.234 , pp. 407-408
    • Coyne, P.I.1    Kelley, J.J.2
  • 15
    • 0039261254 scopus 로고
    • Variations in carbon dioxide across an arctic snowpack during spring
    • Coyne, P. I, and J. J. Kelley, Variations in carbon dioxide across an arctic snowpack during spring, J. Geophys. Res., 79, 799-802, 1974.
    • (1974) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.79 , pp. 799-802
    • Coyne, P.I.1    Kelley, J.J.2
  • 17
    • 0034476721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A transient. nutrient-based model of arctic plant community response to climate warming
    • Epstein, H. E., M. D. Walker, F. S. Chapin III, and A. M. Starfield, A transient. nutrient-based model of arctic plant community response to climate warming, Ecol. Appl., 10, 824-841, 2000.
    • (2000) Ecol. Appl. , vol.10 , pp. 824-841
    • Epstein, H.E.1    Walker, M.D.2    Chapin III, F.S.3    Starfield, A.M.4
  • 18
    • 0035211925 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analyzing the functional type concept in arctic plants using a dynamic vegetation model
    • Epstein, H. E., F. S. Chapin III, M. D. Walker, and A. M. Starfield, Analyzing the functional type concept in arctic plants using a dynamic vegetation model, Oikos, 95,239-252, 2001.
    • (2001) Oikos , vol.95 , pp. 239-252
    • Epstein, H.E.1    Chapin III, F.S.2    Walker, M.D.3    Starfield, A.M.4
  • 21
    • 0028159733 scopus 로고
    • Feedbacks between climate and boreal forests during the Holocene epoch
    • Foley, J. A., J. E. Kutzbach, M. T. Coe, and S. Levis, Feedbacks between climate and boreal forests during the Holocene epoch, Nature, 371, 52-54, 1994.
    • (1994) Nature , vol.371 , pp. 52-54
    • Foley, J.A.1    Kutzbach, J.E.2    Coe, M.T.3    Levis, S.4
  • 23
    • 0032728947 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Arctic soil respiration: Effects of climate and vegetation depend on season
    • Grogan, P, and F. S. Chapin III, Arctic soil respiration: Effects of climate and vegetation depend on season, Ecosystems, 2, 451-459, 1999.
    • (1999) Ecosystems , vol.2 , pp. 451-459
    • Grogan, P.1    Chapin III, F.S.2
  • 24
    • 0347899417 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vegetation, plant biomass, net primary productivity patterns in the Canadian Arctic
    • doi:10.1029/2001JD000948, in press
    • Gould, W. A., M. Raynolds, and D. A. Walker, Vegetation, plant biomass, net primary productivity patterns in the Canadian Arctic, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D2), doi:10.1029/2001JD000948, in press, 2003.
    • (2003) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.108 , Issue.D2
    • Gould, W.A.1    Raynolds, M.2    Walker, D.A.3
  • 25
    • 0042642087 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial and temporal patterns of active layer depth at CALM sites in northern Alaska, 1995-2000
    • doi:10.1029/2001JD000927, in press
    • Hinkel, K. M., and F. E. Nelson, Spatial and temporal patterns of active layer depth at CALM sites in northern Alaska, 1995-2000, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D2), doi:10.1029/2001JD000927, in press, 2003.
    • (2003) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.108 , Issue.D2
    • Hinkel, K.M.1    Nelson, F.E.2
  • 26
    • 0033610822 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carbon cycling in the Kuparuk Basin: Plant production, carbon storage, sensitivity to future changes
    • Hobbie, J. E., B. L. Kwiatkowski, E. B. Rastetter, D. A. Walker, and R. B. McKane, Carbon cycling in the Kuparuk Basin: Plant production, carbon storage, sensitivity to future changes, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 29,065-29,073, 1998.
    • (1998) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.103 , pp. 29065-29073
    • Hobbie, J.E.1    Kwiatkowski, B.L.2    Rastetter, E.B.3    Walker, D.A.4    McKane, R.B.5
  • 29
    • 0000009880 scopus 로고
    • Freshwater balance of the Arctic Ocean
    • Ivanov, V. V., Freshwater balance of the Arctic Ocean, Pr.AARl, 323, 138-147, 1976.
    • (1976) Pr.AARl , vol.323 , pp. 138-147
    • Ivanov, V.V.1
  • 31
    • 0033610821 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Introduction to the special section: Land-Air-Ice-Interactions (LAII) Flux Study
    • Kane, D. L., and W. S. Reeburgh, Introduction to the special section: Land-Air-Ice-Interactions (LAII) Flux Study, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 28,913-28,915, 1998.
    • (1998) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.103 , pp. 28913-28915
    • Kane, D.L.1    Reeburgh, W.S.2
  • 32
    • 0025920398 scopus 로고
    • Thermal response of the active layer in a permafrost environment to climatic warming
    • Kane, D. L., L. D. Hinzman, and J. P. Zarling, Thermal response of the active layer in a permafrost environment to climatic warming, Cold Reg. Sci. Technol., 19, 111-122, 1991.
    • (1991) Cold Reg. Sci. Technol. , vol.19 , pp. 111-122
    • Kane, D.L.1    Hinzman, L.D.2    Zarling, J.P.3
  • 33
    • 0001388932 scopus 로고
    • The variation of carbon dioxide under the snow in the Arctic
    • Kelley, J. J., D. F. Weaver, and B. P. Smith, The variation of carbon dioxide under the snow in the Arctic, Ecology, 49, 358-361, 1968.
    • (1968) Ecology , vol.49 , pp. 358-361
    • Kelley, J.J.1    Weaver, D.F.2    Smith, B.P.3
  • 34
    • 0033135893 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A 70-year retrospective analysis of carbon fluxes in the Canadian forest sector
    • Kurz, W. A., and M. J. Apps, A 70-year retrospective analysis of carbon fluxes in the Canadian forest sector, Ecol. Appl., 9, 526-547, 1999.
    • (1999) Ecol. Appl. , vol.9 , pp. 526-547
    • Kurz, W.A.1    Apps, M.J.2
  • 35
    • 0347269089 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling biogeochemical responses of tundra ecosystems to temporal sand spatial variations in climate in the Kuparuk River Basin (Alaska)
    • doi:10.1029/2001JD000960, in press
    • Le Dizes, S., B. L. Kwiatkowski, E. B. Rastetter, A. Hope, J. E. Hobbie, D. Stow, and S. Daeschner, Modeling biogeochemical responses of tundra ecosystems to temporal sand spatial variations in climate in the Kuparuk River Basin (Alaska), J. Geophys. Res., 108(D2), doi:10.1029/2001JD000960, in press, 2003.
    • (2003) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.108 , Issue.D2
    • Le Dizes, S.1    Kwiatkowski, B.L.2    Rastetter, E.B.3    Hope, A.4    Hobbie, J.E.5    Stow, D.6    Daeschner, S.7
  • 36
    • 0029414040 scopus 로고
    • Local advection of momentum, heat, moisture during the melt of patchy snow covers
    • Liston, G. E., Local advection of momentum, heat, moisture during the melt of patchy snow covers, J. Appl. Meteorol., 34(7), 1705-1715, 1995.
    • (1995) J. Appl. Meteorol. , vol.34 , Issue.7 , pp. 1705-1715
    • Liston, G.E.1
  • 37
    • 0036138302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modelled changes in arctic tundra snow, energy and moisture fluxes due to increased shrubs
    • Liston, G. E., J. P. McFadden, M. Sturm, and R. A. Pielke Sr.. Modelled changes in arctic tundra snow, energy and moisture fluxes due to increased shrubs, Global Change Biol., 8, 17-32, 2002.
    • (2002) Global Change Biol. , vol.8 , pp. 17-32
    • Liston, G.E.1    McFadden, J.P.2    Sturm, M.3    Pielke R.A., Sr.4
  • 38
    • 0042141158 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patterns and dynamics of treeline advance in the Seward Peninsula, Alaska
    • doi:10.1029/2001JD000852, [printed 108(D2), 2003]
    • Lloyd, A. H., T. S. Rupp, C. L. Fastie, and A. M. Starfield, Patterns and dynamics of treeline advance in the Seward Peninsula, Alaska, J. Geophys. Res., 107, 8161, doi:10.1029/2001JD000852, 2002 [printed 108(D2), 2003].
    • (2002) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.107 , pp. 8161
    • Lloyd, A.H.1    Rupp, T.S.2    Fastie, C.L.3    Starfield, A.M.4
  • 39
    • 0033610925 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Snow-albedo feedback and the spring transition in a regional climate system model: Influence of land surface model
    • Lynch, A. H., D. L. McGinnis, and D. A. Bailey, Snow-albedo feedback and the spring transition in a regional climate system model: Influence of land surface model, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 29,037-29,049, 1998.
    • (1998) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.103 , pp. 29037-29049
    • Lynch, A.H.1    McGinnis, D.L.2    Bailey, D.A.3
  • 40
    • 0033608671 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of tundra ecosystems on the surface energy budget and climate of Alaska
    • Lynch, A. H., G. B. Bonan, F. S. Chapin III, and W. Wu, The impact of tundra ecosystems on the surface energy budget and climate of Alaska, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 6647-6660, 1999.
    • (1999) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.104 , pp. 6647-6660
    • Lynch, A.H.1    Bonan, G.B.2    Chapin III, F.S.3    Wu, W.4
  • 41
    • 0035679670 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Alaskan Arctic Frontal Zone: Forcing by orography, coastal contrast and the boreal forest
    • Lynch, A. H., A. G. Slater, and M. C. Serreze, The Alaskan Arctic Frontal Zone: Forcing by orography, coastal contrast and the boreal forest, J. Clim., 14, 4351-4362, 2001.
    • (2001) J. Clim. , vol.14 , pp. 4351-4362
    • Lynch, A.H.1    Slater, A.G.2    Serreze, M.C.3
  • 42
    • 0028983267 scopus 로고
    • Simulation of abrupt climate change induced by freshwater input to the North Atlantic Ocean
    • Manabe, S., and R. J. Stouffer, Simulation of abrupt climate change induced by freshwater input to the North Atlantic Ocean, Nature, 378, 165-167, 1995.
    • (1995) Nature , vol.378 , pp. 165-167
    • Manabe, S.1    Stouffer, R.J.2
  • 44
    • 0033610874 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subgrid-scale variability in the surface energy balance of arctic tundra
    • McFadden, J. P., F. S. Chapin III, and D. Y. Hollinger, Subgrid-scale variability in the surface energy balance of arctic tundra, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 28,947-28,961, 1998.
    • (1998) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.103 , pp. 28947-28961
    • McFadden, J.P.1    Chapin III, F.S.2    Hollinger, D.Y.3
  • 45
    • 0002419488 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global climate change and the equilibrium responses of carbon storage in arctic and subarctic regions
    • Arct. Res. Consort. of the U.S., Fairbanks, Alaska
    • McGuire, A. D., and J. E. Hobbie, Global climate change and the equilibrium responses of carbon storage in arctic and subarctic regions, in Modeling the Arctic System, A Workshop Rep. of the Arct. Syst. Sci. Program, pp. 53-54, Arct. Res. Consort. of the U.S., Fairbanks, Alaska, 1997.
    • (1997) Modeling the Arctic System, A Workshop Rep. of the Arct. Syst. Sci. Program , pp. 53-54
    • McGuire, A.D.1    Hobbie, J.E.2
  • 46
    • 0029529119 scopus 로고
    • Equilibrium responses of soil carbon to climate change: Empirical and process-based estimates
    • McGuire, A. D., J. M. Melillo, D. W. Kicklighter, and L. A. Joyce. Equilibrium responses of soil carbon to climate change: Empirical and process-based estimates, J. Biogeogr., 22, 785-796, 1995.
    • (1995) J. Biogeogr. , vol.22 , pp. 785-796
    • McGuire, A.D.1    Melillo, J.M.2    Kicklighter, D.W.3    Joyce, L.A.4
  • 47
    • 0033968576 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling the effects of snowpack on heterotrophic respiration across northern temperate and high latitude regions: Comparison with measurements of atmospheric carbon dioxide in high latitudes
    • McGuire, A. D., J. M. Melillo, J. T. Randerson, W. J. Parton, M. Heimann, R. A. Meier, J. S. Clein, D. W. Kicklighter, and W. Sauf, Modeling the effects of snowpack on heterotrophic respiration across northern temperate and high latitude regions: Comparison with measurements of atmospheric carbon dioxide in high latitudes, Biogeochemistry, 48, 91-114, 2000a.
    • (2000) Biogeochemistry , vol.48 , pp. 91-114
    • McGuire, A.D.1    Melillo, J.M.2    Randerson, J.T.3    Parton, W.J.4    Heimann, M.5    Meier, R.A.6    Clein, J.S.7    Kicklighter, D.W.8    Sauf, W.9
  • 48
    • 0034425412 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling carbon responses of tundra ecosystems to historical and projected climate: The sensitivity of pan-arctic carbon storage to temporal and spatial variation in climate
    • McGuire, A. D., J. Clein, J. M. Melillo, D. W. Kicklighter, R. A. Meier, C. J. Vorosmarty, and M. C. Serreze, Modeling carbon responses of tundra ecosystems to historical and projected climate: The sensitivity of pan-arctic carbon storage to temporal and spatial variation in climate, Global Change Biol., 6, S141-S159, 2000b.
    • (2000) Global Change Biol. , vol.6
    • McGuire, A.D.1    Clein, J.2    Melillo, J.M.3    Kicklighter, D.W.4    Meier, R.A.5    Vorosmarty, C.J.6    Serreze, M.C.7
  • 49
    • 18644376212 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental variation, vegetation distribution, carbon dynamics, and water/energy exchange in high latitudes
    • McGuire, A. D., et al., Environmental variation, vegetation distribution, carbon dynamics, and water/energy exchange in high latitudes, J. Vegetation Sci., 13, 301-314, 2002.
    • (2002) J. Vegetation Sci. , vol.13 , pp. 301-314
    • McGuire, A.D.1
  • 50
    • 0033396521 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An analysis of an arctic channel network using a digital elevation model
    • McNamara, J. P., D. L. Kane, and L. D. Hinzman, An analysis of an arctic channel network using a digital elevation model, Geomorphology, 29, 339-353, 1999.
    • (1999) Geomorphology , vol.29 , pp. 339-353
    • McNamara, J.P.1    Kane, D.L.2    Hinzman, L.D.3
  • 51
    • 0346639261 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Soil organic carbon and CO'2 respiration at subzero temperature in soils of arctic Alaska
    • doi:10.1029/2001JD000920, in press
    • Michaelson, G. J., and C. L. Ping, Soil organic carbon and CO'2 respiration at subzero temperature in soils of arctic Alaska, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D2), doi:10.1029/2001JD000920, in press, 2003.
    • (2003) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.108 , Issue.D2
    • Michaelson, G.J.1    Ping, C.L.2
  • 53
    • 1642463936 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of lake ice dynamics and morphology on Lake El'gygytgyn, Siberia, using SAR and Landsat
    • doi:10.1029/2001JD000934, [printed 108(D2), 2003]
    • Nolan, M., G. E. Liston, P. Prokein, R. Huntzinger, J. Brigham-Grette, and B. Sharpton, Analysis of lake ice dynamics and morphology on Lake El'gygytgyn, Siberia, using SAR and Landsat, J. Geophys. Res., 107, 8162, doi:10.1029/2001JD000934, 2002 [printed 108(D2), 2003].
    • (2002) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.107 , pp. 8162
    • Nolan, M.1    Liston, G.E.2    Prokein, P.3    Huntzinger, R.4    Brigham-Grette, J.5    Sharpton, B.6
  • 58
    • 0034426028 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2 flux of the Kuparuk River Basin, Alaska
    • 2 flux of the Kuparuk River Basin, Alaska, Global Change Biol., 6, S160-S173, 2000b.
    • (2000) Global Change Biol. , vol.6
    • Oechel, W.C.1
  • 59
    • 0033024725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for warming and thawing of discontinuous permafrost in Alaska
    • Osterkamp, T. E., and V. E. Romanovsky, Evidence for warming and thawing of discontinuous permafrost in Alaska, Permafr. Periglac. Processes, 10(1), 17-37, 1999.
    • (1999) Permafr. Periglac. Processes , vol.10 , Issue.1 , pp. 17-37
    • Osterkamp, T.E.1    Romanovsky, V.E.2
  • 61
    • 0001941835 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thawing of the active layer on the coastal plain of the Alaskan Arctic
    • Romanovsky, V. E., and T. E. Osterkamp, Thawing of the active layer on the coastal plain of the Alaskan Arctic, Permafr. Periglac. Processes, 8(1), 1-22, 1997.
    • (1997) Permafr. Periglac. Processes , vol.8 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-22
    • Romanovsky, V.E.1    Osterkamp, T.E.2
  • 63
    • 0035298015 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The arctic frontal zone as seen in the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis
    • Serreze, M. C., A. H. Lynch, and M. P. Clark, The arctic frontal zone as seen in the NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis, J. Clim., 14, 1550-1567, 2001.
    • (2001) J. Clim. , vol.14 , pp. 1550-1567
    • Serreze, M.C.1    Lynch, A.H.2    Clark, M.P.3
  • 64
    • 0037571097 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The large-scale hydro-climatology of the terrestrial arctic drainage
    • doi:10.1029/2001JD000919, [printed 108(D2),2003]
    • Serreze, M. C., D. H. Bromwich, M. P. Clark, A. J. Etringer, T. Zhang, and R. Lammers, The large-scale hydro-climatology of the terrestrial arctic drainage, J. Geophys. Res., 107, 8160, doi:10.1029/2001JD000919, 2002 [printed 108(D2),2003].
    • (2002) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.107 , pp. 8160
    • Serreze, M.C.1    Bromwich, D.H.2    Clark, M.P.3    Etringer, A.J.4    Zhang, T.5    Lammers, R.6
  • 66
    • 1842785857 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Land cover change on the Seward Peninsula: The use of remote sensing to evaluate potential influences of climate change on historical vegetation dynamics
    • Silapaswan, C. S., D. Verbyla, and A. D. McGuire, Land cover change on the Seward Peninsula: The use of remote sensing to evaluate potential influences of climate change on historical vegetation dynamics, Can. J. Remote Sens., 5, 542-554, 2001.
    • (2001) Can. J. Remote Sens. , vol.5 , pp. 542-554
    • Silapaswan, C.S.1    Verbyla, D.2    McGuire, A.D.3
  • 67
    • 0027430398 scopus 로고
    • The transient response of terrestrial carbon storage to a perturbed climate
    • Smith, T. M., and H. H. Shugart, The transient response of terrestrial carbon storage to a perturbed climate, Nature, 361, 523-526, 1993.
    • (1993) Nature , vol.361 , pp. 523-526
    • Smith, T.M.1    Shugart, H.H.2
  • 68
    • 0032523608 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Retreat of the cold halocline layer in the Arctic Ocean
    • Steele, M., and T. Boyd, Retreat of the cold halocline layer in the Arctic Ocean, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 10,419-10,435, 1998.
    • (1998) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.103 , pp. 10419-10435
    • Steele, M.1    Boyd, T.2
  • 70
    • 0031413310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The thermal conductivity of seasonal snow
    • Sturm, M., J. Holmgren, M. Konig, and K. Morris, The thermal conductivity of seasonal snow, J. Glaciol., 43, 26-41, 1997.
    • (1997) J. Glaciol. , vol.43 , pp. 26-41
    • Sturm, M.1    Holmgren, J.2    Konig, M.3    Morris, K.4
  • 71
    • 0031763472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differences in compaction behavior of three climate classes of snow
    • Sturm, M., and J. Holmgren, Differences in compaction behavior of three climate classes of snow, Ann. Glaciol., 26, 125-130, 1998.
    • (1998) Ann. Glaciol. , vol.26 , pp. 125-130
    • Sturm, M.1    Holmgren, J.2
  • 72
    • 0035978807 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increasing shrub abundance in the Arctic
    • Sturm, M., C. Racine, and K. Tape, Increasing shrub abundance in the Arctic, Nature, 411, 546-547, 2001a.
    • (2001) Nature , vol.411 , pp. 546-547
    • Sturm, M.1    Racine, C.2    Tape, K.3
  • 73
  • 74
  • 76
    • 84868375544 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global system of rivers: Its role in organizing continental land mass and defining and-to-ocean linkages
    • Vörösmarty, C. J., B. M. Fekete, M. Meybeck, and R. B. Lammers, Global system of rivers: Its role in organizing continental land mass and defining and-to-ocean linkages, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 14, 599-621, 2000.
    • (2000) Global Biogeochem. Cycles , vol.14 , pp. 599-621
    • Vörösmarty, C.J.1    Fekete, B.M.2    Meybeck, M.3    Lammers, R.B.4
  • 77
    • 0034425462 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hierarchical subdivision of arctic tundra based on vegetation response to climate, parent material, and topography
    • Walker, D. A., Hierarchical subdivision of arctic tundra based on vegetation response to climate, parent material, and topography, Global Change Biol., 6, S19-S34, 2000.
    • (2000) Global Change Biol. , vol.6
    • Walker, D.A.1
  • 78
    • 0032581667 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Energy and trace-gas fluxes across a soil-pH boundary in the Arctic
    • Walker, D. A., et al., Energy and trace-gas fluxes across a soil-pH boundary in the Arctic, Nature, 394, 469-472, 1998.
    • (1998) Nature , vol.394 , pp. 469-472
    • Walker, D.A.1
  • 79
    • 0346639259 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phytomass, LAI, and NDVI in northern Alaska: Relationships to summer warmth, soil pH, plant functional types and extrapolation to the circumpolar Arctic
    • doi:10.1029/2001JD000986, in press
    • Walker, D. A., H. E. Epstein, J. G. Jia, A. Balsar, C. Copass, E. J. Edwards, J. Hollingsworth, J. Knudson, H. Meier, and A. Moody, Phytomass, LAI, and NDVI in northern Alaska: Relationships to summer warmth, soil pH, plant functional types and extrapolation to the circumpolar Arctic, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D2), doi:10.1029/2001JD000986, in press, 2003.
    • (2003) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.108 , Issue.D2
    • Walker, D.A.1    Epstein, H.E.2    Jia, J.G.3    Balsar, A.4    Copass, C.5    Edwards, E.J.6    Hollingsworth, J.7    Knudson, J.8    Meier, H.9    Moody, A.10
  • 80
    • 0032719140 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vegetation characteristics and primary productivity along an arctic transect: Implications for scaling up
    • Williams, M., and E. B. Rastetter, Vegetation characteristics and primary productivity along an arctic transect: Implications for scaling up, J. Ecol., 87, 885-898, 1999.
    • (1999) J. Ecol. , vol.87 , pp. 885-898
    • Williams, M.1    Rastetter, E.B.2
  • 81
    • 0034425440 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The controls on net ecosystem productivity along an arctic transect: A model comparison with flux measurements
    • Williams, M., W. Eugster, E. B. Rastetter, J. P. McFadden, and F. S. Chapin III, The controls on net ecosystem productivity along an arctic transect: A model comparison with flux measurements, Global Change Biol., 6, S116-S126, 2000.
    • (2000) Global Change Biol. , vol.6
    • Williams, M.1    Eugster, W.2    Rastetter, E.B.3    McFadden, J.P.4    Chapin III, F.S.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.