Molecular markers of endocrine disruption in aquatic organisms

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health - Part B: Critical Reviews

Volumn 6, Issue 5, 2003, Pages 453-495

  Rotchell, Jeanette M ^a   Ostrander, Gary K ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SUSSEX   (United Kingdom)

^b JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALANYLPROLYLGLYCYLTRYPTOPHANAMIDE; ANDROGEN RECEPTOR; AROMATASE; BIOLOGICAL MARKER; ECDYSONE; ESTRADIOL; ESTROGEN; ESTROGEN RECEPTOR; GESTAGEN; HORMONE RECEPTOR; HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASE; LIGAND; MOLECULAR MARKER; PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE; POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBON; PROTEIN; SULFOTRANSFERASE; VITELLOGENIN; HORMONE ANTAGONIST;

APOPTOSIS; AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT; BIOASSAY; BIOLOGICAL MONITORING; DNA DAMAGE; EGG PRODUCTION; ENDOCRINE DISEASE; ENZYME LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY; ESTROGEN ACTIVITY; FISH; GENE EXPRESSION; IMMUNOASSAY; LIGAND BINDING; MEDICAL RESEARCH; NONHUMAN; NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; PROTEOMICS; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; REVIEW; SEASONAL VARIATION; SPECIES DIFFERENCE; STEROIDOGENESIS; UNINDEXED SEQUENCE; AMINO ACID SEQUENCE; ANIMAL; DRUG EFFECT; ENDOCRINE SYSTEM; GENETIC MARKER; GENETICS; INVERTEBRATE; METABOLISM; MOLECULAR GENETICS; WATER POLLUTANT;

ANIMALIA; INVERTEBRATA;

AMINO ACID SEQUENCE; ANIMALS; ENDOCRINE SYSTEM; FISHES; GENE EXPRESSION; GENETIC MARKERS; HORMONE ANTAGONISTS; INVERTEBRATES; MOLECULAR SEQUENCE DATA; WATER POLLUTANTS, CHEMICAL;

EID: 0041331462     PISSN: 10937404     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/10937400306476     Document Type: Review

References (252)

1. Abbondanza, C., Medici, N., Nigro, V., Rossi, V., Gallo, L., Piluso, G., Belsito, A., Roscigno, A., Bontempo, P., Puca, A. A., Molinari, A. M., Moncharmont, B., and Puca, G. A. 2000. The retinoblastoma-interacting zincfinger protein RIZ is a downstream effector of estrogen action. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97:3130-3135.
2. Abu-Qare, A. W., and Abou-Donia, M. B. 2001. Biomarkers of apoptosis: Release of cytochrome c, activation of caspase-3, induction of 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine, increased 3-nitrotyrosine, and alteration of p53 gene. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health B 4:313-332.
3. Allen, Y., Matthiessen, P., Scott, A. P., Haworth, S., Feist, S., and Thain, J. E. 1999. The extent of estrogenic contamination in the UK estuarine and marine environments-Further surveys of flounder. Sci. Total Environ. 233:5-20.
4. Andersen, H. R., Vinggaard, A. M., Rasmussen, T. H., Gjermandsen, I. M., and Bonefeld-Jorgensen, E. C. 2002. Effects of currently used pesticides in assays for estrogenicity, androgenicity, and aromatase activity in vitro. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 179:1-12.
5. Anderson, M. J., Miller, M. R., and Hinton, D. E. 1996. In vitro modulation of 17βestradiol-induced vitellogenin synthesis: Effects of cytochrome P4501A1 inducing compounds on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) liver cells. Aquat. Toxicol. 34:327-350.
6. Arnold, S. F., Robinson, M. K., Notides, A. C., Guillette, L. J., and McLachlan, J. A. 1996. A yeast estrogen screen for examining the relative exposure of cells to natural and xenoestrogens. Environ. Health Perspect. 104:544-548.
7. Arukwe, A., Celius, T., Walther, B. T., and Goksoyr, A. 1998. Plasma levels of vitellogenin and eggshell zona radiata proteins in 4-nonylphenol and o,p′-DDT treated juvenile atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Mar. Environ. Res. 46:133-136.
8. Arukwe, A., Celius, T., Walther, B. T., and Goksoyr, A. 2000. Effects of xenoestrogen treatment on zona radiata protein and vitellogenin expression in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Aquat. Toxicol. 49:159-170.
9. Arukwe, A., Grotmol, T., Haugen, T. B., Knudsen, F. R., and Goksoyr, A. 1999. Fish model for assessing the in vivo estrogenic potency of the mycotoxin zearalenone and its metabolites. Sci. Total Environ. 236:153-161.
10. Arukwe, A., Kullman, S. W., Berg, K., Goksøyr, A., and Hinton, D. E. 2002. Molecular cloning of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) eggshell zona radiata protein complementary DNA: mRNA expression in 17-estradiol-and nonylphenol-treated fish. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. (C) 132:315-326.
11. Arukwe, A., Kullman, S. W., and Hinton, D. E. 2001. Differential biomarker gene and protein expressions in nonylphenol and estradiol-17β treated juvenile rainbow trout (Oncoryhnchus mykiss). Comp. Biochem. Physiol. (C) 129:1-10.
12. Arukwe, A., Yadetie, F., Male, R., and Goksoyr, A. 2001. In vivo modulation of nonylphenol-induced zonagenesis and vitellogenesis by the antiestrogen, 3,3′, 4,4′-tetrachlorobiphenyl (PCB-77) in juvenile fish. Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 10:5-15.
13. Baker, M. E. 2001. Adrenal and sex steroid receptor evolution: Environmental implications. J. Mol. Endocrinol. 26:119-125.
14. Bardet, P. L., Horard, B., Robinson-Rechavi, M., Laudet, V., and Vanacker, J. M. 2002. Characterization of oestrogen receptors in zebrafish (Danio rerio). J. Mol. Endocrinol. 28:153-163.
15. Barfield, M. L., Farris, J. L., and Black, M. C. 2001. Biomarker and bioaccumulation responses of Asian clams exposed to aqueous cadmium. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A 63:495-510.
16. Bauer, E. R. S., Bitsch, N., Brunn, H., Sauerwein, H., and Meyer, H. H. D. 2002. Development of an immunoimmobilized androgen receptor assay (IRA) and its application for the characterization of the receptor binding affinity of different pesticides. Chemosphere 46:1107-1115.
17. Bayley, M., Junge, M., and Baatrup, E. 2002. Exposure of juvenile guppies to three antiandrogens causes demasculinization and a reduced sperm count in adult males. Aquat. Toxicol. 56:227-239.
18. Ben-Jonathan, N., and Steinmetz, R. 1998. Xenoestrogens: The emerging story of bisphenol A. Trends Endocrinol. Metab. 9:124-128.
19. Bidwell, C. A., and Carlson, D. M. 1995. Characterization of vitellogenin from white sturgeon, Acipenser transmontanus. J. Mol. Evol. 41:104-112.
20. Blaise, C., Gagne, F., Pellerin, J., Hansen, P. D. 1999. Determination of vitellogenin-like properties in Mya arenaria hemolymph (Saguenay Fjord, Canada): A potential biomarker for endocrine disruption. Environ. Toxicol. 14:455-465.
21. Bouma, J., and Nagler, J. J. 2001. Estrogen receptor-alpha protein localization in the testis of the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) during different stages of the reproductive cycle. Biol. Reprod. 65:60-65.
22. Bowman, C. J., and Denslow, N. D. 1999. Development and validation of a species- and gene-specific molecular biomarker: Vitellogenin mRNA in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). Ecotoxicology 8:339-416.
23. Bowman, C. J., Kroll, K. J., Hemmer, M. J., Folmar, L. C., and Denslow, N. D. 2000. Estrogen-induced vitellogenin mRNA and protein in sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus). Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 120:300-313.
24. Bradley, B. P., Henry, T. R., Shrader, E. A., and Greeley, M. S. 2002. SETAC Europe 12th Annual Meeting, Vienna, Austria. May. Abstract 56-04.
25. Brivio, M. F., Bassi, R., and Cotelli, F. 1991. Identification and characterization of the major components of the Oncorhynchus mykiss egg chorion. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 28:85-93.
26. Brzozowski, A. M., Pike, A. C. W., Dauter, Z., Hubbard, R. E., Bonn, T., Engstrom, O., Ohman, L., Greene, G. L., Gustafsson, J.-A., and Carlquist, M. 1997. Molecular basis of agonism and antagonism in the estrogen receptor. Nature 389:753-758.
27. Carlson, D. B., Williams, D. E. 2001. 4-Hydroxy-2′,4′ ,6′-trichlorobiphenyl and 4-hydroxy-2′,3′,4′,5′ -tetrachlorobiphenyl are estrogenic in rainbow trout. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 20:351-358.
28. Celius, T., Matthews, J. B., Giesy, J. P., and Zacharewski, T. R. 2000. Quantification of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) zona radiata and vitellogenin mRNA levels using real-time PCR after in vivo treatment with estradiol-17 beta or alpha-zearalenol. J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. 75:109-119.
29. Celius, T., and Walther, B. T. 1998a. Oogenesis in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) occurs by zonagenesis preceding vitellogenesis in vivo and in vitro. J. Endocrinol. 158:259-266.
30. Celius, T., and Walther, B. T. 1998b. Differentiae sensitivity of zonagenesis and vitellogenesis in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) to DDT pesticides. J. Exp. Zool. 281:346-353.
31. Chang, X. T., Kobayashi, T., Kajiura, H., Nakamura, M., and Nagahama, Y. 1997. Isolation and characterization of the cDNA encoding the tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) cytochrome P450 aromatase (P450arom): Changes in P450arom mRNA, protein and enzyme activity in ovarian follicles during oogenesis. J. Mol. Endocrinol. 18:57-66.
32. Chang, X. T., Kobayashi, T., Todo, T., Ikeuchi, T., Yoshiura, Y., Kajiura-Kobayashi, H., Morrey, C., and Nagahama, Y. 1999. Molecular cloning of estrogen receptors alpha and beta in the ovary of a teleost fish, the tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Zool. Sci. 16:653-658.
33. Chang, Y. S., Hsu, C. C., Wang, S. C., Tsao, C. C., and Huang, F. L. 1997. Molecular cloning, structural cloning, structural analysis, and expression of carp ZP2 gene. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 46:258-267.
34. Chang, Y. S., Wang, S. C., Tsao, C. C., and Huang, F. L. 1996. Molecular cloning, structural cloning, structural analysis, and expression of carp ZP3 gene. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 44:295-304.
35. Cheek, A. O., Brouwer, T. H., Carroll, S., Manning, S., McLachlan, J. A., and Brouwer, M. 2001. Experimental evaluation of vitellogenin as a predictive biomarker of reproductive disruption. Environ. Health Perspect. 109:681-690.
36. Chen, J. S., Cho, W. L., and Raikhel, A. S. 1994. Analysis of mosquito vitellogenin cDNA similarity with vertebrate phosvitins and arthropod serum-proteins. J. Mol. Biol. 237:641-647.
37. Chen, T. T., Reid, P. C., Van Beneden, R. J., and Sonstegard, R. A. 1986. Effect of Aroclor 1254 and mirex on estradiol-induced vitellogenin production in juvenile rainbow trout. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 43:169-173.
38. Chiang, E. F. L., Yan, Y. L., Guiguen, Y., Postlethwait, J., and Chung, B. C. 2001. Two Cyp19 (P450 aromatase) genes on duplicated zebrafish chromosomes are expressed in ovary or brain. Mol. Biol. Evol. 18:542-550.
39. Chung, A. C., Durica, D. S., Clifton, S. W., Roe, B. A., and Hopkins, P. M. 1998. Cloning of crustacean ecdysteroid receptor and retinoid-X receptor gene homologs and elevation of retinoid-X receptor mRNA by retinoic acid. Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 139:209-227.
40. Danielian, P. S., White, R., Lees, J. A., and Parker, M. G. 1992. Identification of a conserved region required for hormone dependent transcriptional activation by steroid hormone receptors. EMBO J. 11:1025-1033.
41. Davail, B., Pakdel, F., Bujo, H., Perazzolo, L., Waclawek, M., Schneider, W., and Le Menn, F. 1998. Evolution of oogenesis: The receptor for vitellogenin from the rainbow trout. J. Lipid Res. 3:1929-1937.
42. de Fur, P. L., Crane, M., Ingersoll, C., and Tattersfield, L. 1999. Endocrine disruption in invertebrates: Endocrinology, testing, and assessment. Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Pensacola, FL.
43. de Lafontaine, Y., Gagne, F., Blaise, C., Costan, G., Gagnon, P., and Chan, H. M. 2000. Biomarkers in zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) for the assessment and monitoring of water quality of the St. Lawrence River (Canada). Aquat. Toxicol. 50:51-71.
44. Del Giacco, L., Vanoni, C., Bonsignorio, D., Duga, S., Mosconi, G., Santucci, A., and Cotelli, F. 1998. Identification and spatial distribution of the mRNA encoding the gp49 component of the gilthead sea bream, Sparus aurata, egg envelope. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 49:58-69.
45. Del Giacco, L., Diani, S., and Cotelli, F. 2000. Identification and spatial distribution of the mRNA encoding an egg envelope component of the Cyprinid zebrafish, Danio rerio, homologous to the mammalian ZP3 (ZPC). Dev. Genes Evol. 210:41-46.
46. Denslow, N. D., Bowman, C. J., Ferguson, R. J., Lee, H. S., Hemmer, M. J., and Folmar, L. C. 2001. Induction of gene expression in sheepshead minnows (Cyprinodon variegatus) treated with 17 beta-estradiol, diethylstilbestrol, or ethinylestradiol: The use of mRNA fingerprints as an indicator of gene regulation. Gen. Comp, Endocrinol. 121:250-260.
47. Denslow, N. D., Lee, S. H., Bowman, C. J., Hemmer, M. J., and Folmar, L. C. 2001. Multiple responses in gene expression in fish treated with estrogen. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. (B) 129:277-282.
48. De Rosa, C., Richter, P., Pohl, H., and Jones, D. E. 1998. Environmental exposures that effect the endocrine system: Public health implications. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health B 1:3-26.
49. Donohoe, R. M., and Curtis, L. R. 1996. Estrogenic activity of chlordecone, o,p′-DDT and o,p′-DDE in juvenile rainbow trout: Induction of vitellogenesis and interaction with hepatic estrogen binding sites. Aquat. Toxicol. 36:31-52.
50. Durica, D. S., and Hopkins, P. M. 1996. Expression of the genes encoding the ecdysteroid and retinoid receptors in regenerating limb tissues from the fiddler crab, Uca pugilator. Gene 171:237-241.
51. Elliot, J. A. K., Bromage, N. R., and Whitehead, C. 1979. Effects of estradiol-17β on serum calcium and vitellogenin levels in rainbow trout. J. Endocrinol. 83:54-55.
52. El-Zahr, C. R., Zhang, Q., Hendricks, J. D., and Curtis, L. R. 2002. Temperature-modulated carcinogenicity of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene in rainbow trout. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A 65:787-802.
53. Escriva, H., Safi, R., Hanni, C., Langlois, M. C., Saumitou Laprade, P., Stehelin, D., Capron, A., Pierce, R., and Laudet, V. 1997. Ligand binding was acquired during evolution of nuclear receptors. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94:6803-6808.
54. Favrel, P., and Mathieu, M. 1996. Molecular cloning of a cDNA encoding the precursor of Ala-Pro-Gly-Trp amide-related neuropeptides from the bivalve mollusc Mytilus edulis. Neurosci. Lett. 205:210-214.
55. Fenske, M., van Aerle, R., Brack, S., Tyler, C. R., and Segner, H. 2001. Development and validation of a homologous zebrafish vitellogenin enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) and its application for studies on estrogenic chemicals. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. (C) 129:217-232.
56. Fent, K., Ackermann, G. E., and Schwaiger, J. 2000. Analysis of vitellogenin mRNA by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in juvenile fish exposed for 12 months to nonylphenol. Mar. Environ. Res. 50:193.
57. Folmar, L. C., Denslow, N. D., Rao, V., Chow, M., Cain, A. D., Enblom, J., Marconi, J., and Guillette, L. 1996. Vitellogenin induction and reduced serum testosterone concentrations in feral male carp (Cyprinus carpio) captured near a major metropolitan sewage treatment plant. Environ. Health Perspect. 104:1096-1101.
58. Folmar, L. C., Gardner, G. R., Schreibman, M. P., Magliulo-Cepriano, L., Mills, L. J., Zaroogian, G., Gutjahr-Gobell, R., Haebler, R., Horowitz, D. B., and Denslow, N. D. 2001. Vitellogenin-induced pathology in male summer flounder (Paralichthys dentatus). Aquat. Toxicol. 51:431-441.
59. Folmar, L. C., Hemmer, M., Hemmer, R., Bowman, C., Kroll, K., and Denslow, N. D. 2000. Comparative estrogenicity of estradiol, ethinyl estradiol and diethylstilbestrol, in an in vivo, male sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus), vitellogenin bioassay. Aquat. Toxicol. 49:77-88.
60. Foran, C. M., Bennett, E. R., and Benson, W. H. 2000. Exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of different nonylphenol formulations in Japanese medaka. Mar. Environ. Res. 50:135-139.
61. Foster, J. S., Henley, D. C., Bukovsky, A., Seth, P., and Wimalasena, J. 2001. Multifaceted regulation of cell cycle progression by estrogen: Regulation of Cdk inhibitors and Cdc25A independent of cyclin D1-Cdk4 function. Mol. Cell. Biol. 21:794-810.
62. Franklin, T. M., Lee, J.-S., Kohler, A., and Chipman, J. K. 2000. Analysis of mutations in the p53 tumor suppressor gene and Ki- and Ha-ras proto-oncogenes in hepatic tumours of European flounder (Platichthys flesus). Mar. Environ. Res. 50:251-255.
63. Funkenstein, B., Bowman, C. J., Denslow, N. D., Cardinali, M., and Carnevali, O. 2000. Contrasting effects of estrogen on transthyretin and vitellogenin expression in males of the marine fish, Sparus aurata. Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 167:33-41.
64. Gabbianelli, R., Villarini, M., Falcioni, G., and Lupidi, G. 2002. Effect of different organotin compounds on DNA of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) erythrocytes assessed by the comet assay. Appl. Organometallic Chem. 16:163-168.
65. Gagne, F., and Blaise, C. 1998. Estrogenic properties of municipal and industrial wastewaters evaluated with a rapid and sensitive chemoluminescent in situ hybridisation assay (CISH) in rainbow trout hepatocytes. Aquat. Toxicol. 44:83-91.
66. Gagne, F., and Blaise, C. 2000. Evaluation of environmental estrogens with a fish cell line. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 65:494-500.
67. Gagne, F., and Blaise, C. 2002. Unpub. SETAC Europe 12th Annual Meeting, May. Abstract number 56-03.
68. Gagne, F., Blaise, C., Pellerin, J., and Gauthier-Clerc, S. 2002. Alteration of the biochemical properties of female gonads and vitellins in the clam Mya arenaria at contaminated sites in the Saguenay Fjord. Mar. Environ. Res. 53:295-310.
69. Gagne, F., Marcogliese, D. J., Blaise, C., and Gendron, A. D. 2001. Occurrence of compounds estrogenic to freshwater mussels in surface waters in an urban area. Environ. Toxicol. 16:260-268.
70. Gelinas, D., and Callard, G. V. 1997. Immunolocalization of aromatase- and androgen receptor-positive neurons in the goldfish brain. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 106:155-168.
71. Gen, K., Okuzawa, K., Kumakura, N., Yamaguchi, S., and Kagawa, H. 2001. Correlation between messenger RNA expression of cytochrome P450 aromatase and its enzyme activity during oocyte development in the red seabream (Pagrus major). Biol. Reprod. 65:1186-1194.
72. Gibbs, P. E., Pascoe, P. L., and Burt, G. R. 1988. Sex change in the female dogwhelk, Nucella lapillus, induced by tributyltin from antifouling paints. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. UK 68:715-731.
73. Gilroy, D. J. 2000. Derivation of shellfish harvest reopening criteria following the New Carissa oil spill in Coos Bay, Oregon. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A 60:317-329.
74. Goulas, A., Triplett, E. L., and Taborsky, G. 1996. Isolation and characterization of a vitellogenin cDNA from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and the complete sequence of a phosvitin coding segment. DNA Cell Biol. 15:605-616.
75. Gracey, A. Y., Troll, J. V., and Somero, G. N. 2001. Hypoxia-induced gene expression profiling in the euryoxic fish Gillichthys mirabilis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 98:1993-1998.
76. Green, S., Walter, P., Kumar, V., Krust, A., Bornert, J. M., Argos, P., and Chambon, P. 1986. Human estrogen receptor cDNA - Sequence, expression and homology to v-erbA. Nature 320:134-139.
77. Guiguen, Y., Baroiller, J. F., Ricordel, M. J., Iseki, K., McMeel, O. M., Martin, S. A., and Fostier, A. 1999. Involvement of estrogens in the process of sex differentiation in two fish species: The rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and a tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Mol. Reprod. Dev. 54:154-162.
78. Hagger, J. A., Fisher, A. S., Hill, S. J., Depledge, M. H., and Jha, A. N. 2002. Genotoxic, cytotoxic and ontogenetic effects of tri-n-butyltin on the marine worm, Platynereis dumerilii (Polychaeta: Nereidae). Aquat. Toxicol. 57:243-255.
79. Hall, J. M., McDonnell, D. P., and Korach, K. S. 2002. Allosteric regulation of estrogen receptor, function and coactivator recruitment by different estrogen response elements. Mol. Endocrinol. 16:469-486.
80. Halm, S., Rand-Weaver, M., Sumpter, J. P., and Tyler, C. R. 2001. Cloning and molecular characterization of an ovarian-derived (brain-like) P450 aromatase cDNA and development of a competitive RT-PCR assay to quantify its expression in the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas). Fish Physiol. Biochem. 24:49-62.
81. Hansen, P.-D., Dizer, H., Hock, B., Marx, A., Sherry, J., McMaster, M., and Blaise, C. 1998. Vitellogenin - A biomarker for endocrine disruptors. Trends Anal. Chem. 17:448-451.
82. Harries, J. E., Janbakhsh, A. Jobling, S., Matthiessen, P., Sumpter, J. P., and Tyler, C. R. 1999. Estrogenic potency of effluent from two sewage treatment works in the United Kingdom. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 18:932-937.
83. Harries, J. E., Sheahan, D. A., Jobling, S., Matthiessen, P., Neall, M., Sumpter, J. P., Taylor, T., and Zaman, N. 1997. Estrogenic activity in five United Kingdom rivers detected by measurement of vitellogenesis in caged male trout. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 16:534-542.
84. Hawkins, M. B., Thornton, J. W., Crews, D., Skipper, J. K., Dotte, A., and Thomas, P. 2000. Identification of a third distinct estrogen receptor and reclassification of estrogen receptors in teleosts. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97:10751-10756.
85. Hemmer, M. J., Bowman, C. J., Hemmer, B. L., Friedman, S. D., Marcovich, D., Kroll, K. J., and Denslow, N. D. 2002. Vitellogenin mRNA regulation and plasma clearance in male sheepshead minnows, (Cyprinodon variegatus) after cessation of exposure to 17 beta-estradiol and p-nonylphenol. Aquat. Toxicol. 58:99-112.
86. Hemmer, M. J., Hemmer, B. L., Bowman, C. J., Kroll, K. J., Folmar, L. C., Marcovich, D., Hoglund, M. D., and Denslow, N. D. 2001. Effects of p-nonylphenol, methoxychlor, and endosulfan on vitellogenin induction and expression in sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus). Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 20:336-343.
87. Heppell, S. A., Denslow, N. D., Folmar, L. C., and Sullivan, C. V. 1995. Universal assay of vitellogenin as a biomarker for environmental estrogens. Environ. Health Perspect. 103(suppl. 7):9-15.
88. Herman, R. L., and Kincaid, H. L. 1988. Pathological effects of orally administered estradiol to rainbow trout. Aquaculture 72:165-172.
89. Hundal, B. S., Dhillon, V. S., and Sidhu, I. S. 1997. Genotoxic potential of estrogens. Mutat. Res. Gen. Toxicol. Environ. Mutagen. 389:173-181.
90. Hung, M. C., and Wensink, P. C. 1981. The sequence of the Drosophila melanogaster gene for yolk protein 1. Nucleic Acids Res. 9:6407-6419.
91. Hung, M. C., and Wensink, P. C. 1983. Sequence and structure conservation in yolk proteins and their genes. J. Mol. Biol. 164:481-492.
92. Hurd, C., Khattree, N., Dinda, S., Alban, P., and Moudgil, V. K. 1997. Regulation of tumor suppressor proteins, p53 and retinoblastoma, by estrogen and antiestrogens in breast cancer cells. Oncogene 15:991-995.
93. Hyllner, S. J., Oppen-Berntsen, D. O., Helvik, J. V., Walther, B. T., and Haux, C. 1991. Estradiol-17β induces the major vitelline envelope proteins in both sexes in teleosts. J. Endocrinol. 131:229-236.
94. Hyllner, S. J., Westerlund, L., Olsson, P. E., and Schopen, A. 2001. Cloning of the rainbow trout egg envelope proteins: Members of a unique group of structural proteins. Biol. Reprod. 64:805-811.
95. Ikeuchi, T., Todo, T., Kobayashi, T., and Nagahama, Y. 1999. cDNA cloning of a novel androgen receptor subtype. J. Biol. Chem. 274:25205-25209.
96. Ikeuchi, T., Todo, T., Kobayashi, T., and Nagahama, Y. 2001. Two subtypes of androgen and progestogen receptors in fish testes. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. (B) 129:449-455.
97. Ikeuchi, T., Todo, T., Kobayashi, T., and Nagahama, Y. 2002. A novel progestogen receptor subtype in the Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica. FEBS Lett. 510:77-82.
98. Islinger, M., Pawlowski, S., Hollert, H., Volkl, A., and Braunbeck, T. 1999. Measurement of vitellogenin-mRNA expression in primary cultures of rainbow trout hepatocytes in a non-radioactive dot blot/RNAse protection-assay. Sci. Total Environ. 233:109-122.
99. James, M. O., Hawkins, W. E., and Walker, W. W. 1994. Phase 1 and phase 2 biotransformation and carcinogenicity of 2-acetylaminofluorene in medaka and guppy. Aquat. Toxicol. 28:79-95.
100. Janz, D. M. 2000. Endocrine system. In The handbook of experimental animals: The laboratory fish, ed. G. K. Ostrander, pp. 189-212. Orlando, FL: Academic Press.
101. Jenkins, R., Angus, R. A., McNatt, H., Howell, W. M., Kemppainen, J. A., Kirk, M., and Wilson, E. M. 2001. Identification of androstenedione in a river containing paper mill effluent. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 20:1325-1331.
102. Jha, A. N., Hagger, J. A., Hill, S. J., and Depledge, M. H. 2000. Genotoxic, cytotoxic and developmental effects of tributyltin oxide (TBTO): An integrated approach to the evaluation of the relative sensitivities of two marine species. Mar. Environ. Res. 50:565-573.
103. Jobling, S., Reynolds, T., White, R., Parker, M. G., and Sumpter, J. P. 1995. A variety of environmental persistent chemicals, including some phthalate plasticizers, are weakly estrogenic. Environ. Health Perspect. 503:582-587.
104. Jobling, S., Sheahan, D., Osborne, J. A., Matthiessen, P., and Sumpter, J. P. 1996. Inhibition of testicular growth in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) exposed to environmental estrogens. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 15:194-202.
105. Jones, P. D., De Coen, W. M., Tremblay, L., and Giesy, J. P. 2000. Vitellogenin as a biomarker of environmental estrogens. Water Sci. Technol. 42:1-14.
106. Jorgensen, M., Hummel, R., Bevort, M., Andersson, A. M., Skakkebaek, N. E., and Leffers, H. 1998. Detection of oestrogenic chemicals by assaying the expression level of oestrogen regulated genes. Acta Pathol. Microbiol. Immunol. Scand. 106:245-251.
107. Kaipia, A., and Hsueh, A. J. W. 1997. Regulation of ovarian follicle atresia. Annu. Rev. Physiol. 59:349-363.
108. Kanamori, A. 2000. Systematic identification of genes expressed during early oogenesis in medaka. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 55:31-36.
109. Katsu, Y., Yamashita, M., and Nagahama, Y. 1999. Translational regulation of cyclin B mRNA by 17 alpha, 20 beta-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (maturation-inducing hormone) during oocyte maturation in a teleost fish, the goldfish (Carassius auratus). Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 158:79-85.
110. Kawahara, T., Okada, H., and Yamashita, I. 2000. Cloning and expression of genomic and complementary DNAs encoding an estrogen receptor in medaka fish, Oryzias latipes. Zool. Sci. 17:643-649.
111. Kazeto, Y., Ijiri, S., Matsubara, H., Adachi, S., and Yamauchi, K. 2000. Cloning of the 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-1 cDNAs from Japanese eel ovary. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 279:451-456.
112. Kester, M. H. A., Bulduk, S., van Toor, H., Tibboel, D., Meinl, W., Glatt, H., Falany, C. N., Coughtrie, M. W. H., Schuur, A. G., Brouwer, A., and Visser, T. J. 2002. Potent inhibition of estrogen sulfotransferase by hydroxylated metabolites of polyhalogenated aromatic hydrocarbons reveals alternative mechanism for estrogenic activity of endocrine disrupters. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 87:1142-1150.
113. Kirma, N., Gill, K., Mandava, U., and Tekmal, R. R. 2001. Overexpression of aromatase leads to hyperplasia and changes in the overexpression of genes involved in apoptosis, cell cycle, growth, and tumor suppressor functions in the mammary glands of transgenic mice. Cancer Res. 61:1910-1918.
114. Kitano, T., Takamune, K., Kobayashi, T., Nagahama, Y., and Abe, S. I. 1999. Suppression of P450 aromatase gene expression in sex-reversed males produced by rearing genetically female larvae at a high water temperature during a period of sex differentiation in the Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). J. Mol. Endocrinol. 23:167-176.
115. Kitawaki, J., Obayashi, H., Ishihara, H., Koshiba, H., Kusuki, I., Kado, N., Tsukamoto, K., Hasegawa, G., Nakamura, N., and Honjo, H. 2001. Estrogen receptor-alpha gene polymorphism is associated with endometriosis, adenomyosis and leiomyomata. Hum. Reprod. 16:51-55.
116. Knudsen, F. R., Arukwe, A., and Pottinger, A. 1998. The in vivo effect of combinations of octylphenol, butylbenzylphthalate and estradiol on the liver estradiol receptor modulation and induction of zona radiata proteins in rainbow trout: No evidence of synergy. Environ. Pollut. 103:75-80.
117. Korte, J. J., Kahl, M. D., Jensen, K. M., Pasha, M. S., Parks, L. G., LeBlanc, G. A., and Ankley, G. T. 2000. Fathead minnow vitellogenin: Complementary DNA sequence and messenger RNA and protein expression after 17β-estradiol treatment. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 19:972-981.
118. Krust, A., Green, S., Argos, P., Kumar, V., Walter, P., Bornert, J. M., and Chambon, P. 1986. The chicken estrogen receptor sequence - Sequence homology with v-erbA and the human estrogen and glucocorticoid receptors. EMBO J. 5:891-897.
119. Kudo, N., Miura, T., Miura, C., and Yamauchi, K. 2000. Expression and localisation of eel testicular ZP-homologues in Japanese eels (Anguilla japonica). Zool. Sci. 17:1297-1302.
120. Kumar, R. S., Ijiri, S., and Trant, J. M. 2000. Changes in the expression of genes encoding steroidogenic enzymes in the channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) ovary throughout a reproductive cycle. Biol. Reprod. 63:1676-1682.
121. Kumar, V., Green, S., Stack, G., Berry, M., Jin, J. R., and Chambon, P. 1987. Functional domains of the human estrogen-receptor. Cell 51:941-951.
122. Kwack, S. J., Kwon, O., Kim, H. S., Kim, S. S., Kim, S. H., Sohn, K. H., Lee, R. D., Park, C. H., Jeung, E. B., An, B. S., and Park, K. L. 2002. Comparative evaluation of alkylphenolic compounds on estrogenic activity in vitro and in vivo. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A 65:419-431.
123. Kwon, J. Y., McAndrew, B. J., and Penman, D. J. 2001. Cloning of brain aromatase gene and expression of brain and ovarian aromatase genes during sexual differentiation in genetic male and female Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 59:359-370.
124. Kwon, J. Y., Prat, F., Randall, C., and Tyler, C. R. 2001. Molecular characterization of putative yolk processing enzymes and their expression during oogenesis and embryogenesis in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Biol. Reprod. 65:1701-1709.
125. LaFleur, G. J., Byrne, B. M., Kanungo, J., Nelson, L. D., Greenberg, R. M., and Wallace, R. A. 1995. Fundulus heteroclitus vitellogenin: The deduced primary structure of a piscine precursor to noncrystalline, liquid-phase yolk protein. J. Mol. Evol. 41:505-521.
126. Larkin, P., Folmar, L. C., Hemmer, M. J., Poston, A. J., Lee, H. S., and Denslow, N. D. 2002. Array technology as a tool to monitor exposure of fish to xenoestrogens. Mar. Environ. Res. 54:395-399.
127. Larsson, D. G. J., Mayer, I., Hyllner, S. J., and Forlin, L. 2002. Seasonal variations of vitelline envelope proteins, vitellogenin, and sex steroids in male and female eelpout (Zoarces viviparus). Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 125:184-196.
128. Lattier, D. L., Gordon, D. A., Burks, D. J., and Toth, G. P. 2001. Vitellogenin gene transcription; A relative quantitative exposure indicator of environmental estrogens. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 20:1979-1985.
129. Lazier, C. B., Langley, S., Ramsey, N. B., and Wright, J. M. 1996. Androgen inhibition of vitellogenin gene expression in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 104:321-329.
130. Le Blanc, G. A., Campbell, P. M., den Besten, P., Brown, R. P., Chang, E. S., Coats, J. R., deFur, P., Dhadialla, T., Edwards, J., Riddiford, L. M., Simpson, M. G., Snell, T. W., Thorndyke, M., and Matsumura F. 1999. The endocrinology of invertebrates. In Endocrine disruption in invertebrates: Endocrinology, testing and assessment, eds. P. deFur, M. Crane, and C. Ingersoll, pp. 23-106. Pensacola, FL: Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry.
131. Le Curieux-Belfond, O., Moslemi, S., Mathieu, M., and Seralini, G. E. 2001. Androgen metabolism in oyster Crassostrea gigas: Evidence for 17 beta-HSD activities and characterization of an aromatase-like activity inhibited by pharmacological compounds and a marine pollutant. J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. 78:359-366.
132. Lee, M. O., Kim, E. O., Kwon, H. J., Kim, Y. M., Kang, H. J., Kang, H. J., and Lee, J. E. 2002. Radicicol represses the transcriptional function of the estrogen receptor by suppressing the stabilization of the receptor by heat shock protein 90. Mol. Cell Endocrinol. 188:47-54.
133. Lee, R. F., and Noone, T. 1995. Effect of reproductive toxicants on lipovitellin in female blue crabs, Callinectes sapidus. Mar. Environ. Res. 39:151-154.
134. Lees, J. A., Fawell, S. E., and Parker, M. G. 1989. Identification of two transactivation domains in the mouse estrogen receptor. Nucleic Acids Res. 17:5477-5488.
135. Legler, J., Broekhof, J. L. M., Brouwer, A., Lanser, P. H., Murk, A. J., Van der Saag, P. T., Vethaak, A. D., Wester, P., Zivkovic, D., and Van der Burg, B. 2000. A novel in vivo bioassay for (xeno-)estrogens using transgenic zebrafish. Environ. Sci. Technol. 34:4439-4444.
136. Legler, J., Jonas, A., Lahr, J., Vethaak, A. D., Brouwer, A., and Murk, A. J. 2002. Biological measurement of estrogenic activity in urine and bile conjugates with the in vitro ER-CALUX reporter gene assay. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 21:473-479.
137. Le Guellec, K., Lawless, K., Valotaire, Y., Kress, M., and Tenniswood, M. 1988. Vitellogenin gene expression in male rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 71:359-371.
138. Levin, E. R. 2002. Cellular functions of plasma membrane estrogen receptors. Steroids 67:471-475.
139. Lewis, A. J., Walle, U. K., King, R. S., Kadlubar, F. F., Falany, C. N., and Walle, T. 1998. Bioactivation of the cooked food mutagen N-hydroxy-2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine by estrogen sulfotransferase in cultured human mammary epithelial cells. Carcinogenesis 19:2049-2053.
140. Li, Q., Osada, M., Suzuki, T., and Mori, K. 1998. Changes in vitellin during oogenesis and effect of estradiol-17 beta on vitellogenesis in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. Invert. Reprod. Dev. 33:87-93.
141. Liao, D. Z., Hou, X., Bai, S., Li, S. A., and Li, J. J. 2000. Unusual deregulation of cell cycle components in early and frank estrogen-induced renal neoplasias in the Syrian hamster. Carcinogenesis 21:2167-2173.
142. Liehr, J. G. 1990. Genotoxic effects of oestrogens. Murat. Res. 238:269-276.
143. Lye, C. M., Frid, C. L. J., Gill, M. E., and McCormick, D. 1997. Abnormalities in the reproductive health of flounder Platichthys flesus exposed to effluent from a sewage treatment works. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 34:34-41.
144. Lyons, C. E., Payette, K. L., Prince, J. L., and Huang, R. C. C. 1993. Expression and structural analysis of a teleost homolog of a mammalian zona pellucida gene. J. Biol. Chem. 268:21351-21358.
145. Ma, C. H., Dong, K. W., and Yu, K. L. 2000. cDNA cloning and expression of a novel estrogen receptor beta-subtype in goldfish (Carassius auratus). BBA-Gene Struct. Exp. 1490:145-152.
146. Martinez, E., Givel, F., and Wahli, W. 1991. A common ancestor DNA motif for invertebrate and vertebrate hormone response elements. EMBO J. 10:263-268.
147. Matejuk, A., Dwyer, J., Zamora, A., Vandenbark, A. A., and Offner, H. 2002. Evaluation of the effects of 17 beta-estradiol (17 beta-E2) on gene expression in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis using DNA microarray. Endocrinology 143:313-319.
148. Matthews, J., and Zacharewski, T. 2000. Differential binding affinities of PCBs, HO-PCBs, and Aroclors with recombinant human, rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), and green anole (Anolis carolinensis) estrogen receptors, using a semi-high throughput competitive binding assay. Toxicol. Sci. 53:326-339.
149. McKinney, J. D., and Waller, C. L. 1998. Molecular determinants of hormone mimicry: Halogenated aromatic hydrocarbon environmental agents. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health B 1:27-58.
150. Medici, N., Abbondanza, C., Nigro, V., Rossi, V., Piluso, G., Belsito, A., Gallo, L., Roscigno, A., Bontempo, P., Puca, A. A., Molinari, A. M., Moncharmont, B., and Puca, G. A. 1999. Indentification of a DNA binding protein cooperating with the estrogen receptor as RIZ (retinoblastoma interacting zinc finger protein). Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 264:983-989.
151. Menuet, A., Pellegrini, E., Anglade, I., Blaise, O., Laudet, V., Kah, O., and Pakdel, F. 2002. Molecular characterization of three estrogen receptor forms in zebrafish: Binding characteristics, transactivation properties, and tissue distributions. Biol. Reprod. 66:1881-1892.
152. Micic, M., Bihari, N., Labura, Z., Muller, W. E. G., and Batel, R. 2001. Induction of apoptosis in the blue mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis by tri-n-butyltin chloride. Aquat. Toxicol. 55:61-73.
153. Monod, G., De Mones, A., and Fostier, A. 1993. Inhibition of ovarian microsomal aromatase and follicular oestradiol secretion by imidazole fungicides in rainbow trout. Mar. Environ. Res. 35:153-157.
154. Monteiro, P. R. R., Reis-Hanriques, M. A., and Coimbra, J. 2000. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons inhibit in vitro ovarian steroidogenesis in the flounder (Platichthys flesus). Aquat. Toxicol. 47:549-559.
155. Morcillo, Y., and Porte, C. 1999. Evidence of endocrine disruption in the imposex-affected gastropod Bolinus brandaris. Environ. Res. 81:349-354.
156. Morcillo, Y., and Porte, C. 2000. Evidence of endocrine disruption in clams, Ruditapes decussata, transplanted to a tributyltin-polluted environment. Environ. Pollut. 107:47-52.
157. Mouchel, N., Trichet, V., Betz, A., Le Pennec, J. P., and Wolff, J. 1996. Characterization of vitellogenin from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Gene 174:59-64.
158. Mouchel, N., Trichet, V., Naimi, B. Y., Le Pennec, J. P., and Wolff, J. 1997. Structure of a fish (Oncorhynchus mykiss) vitellogenin gene and its evolutionary implication. Gene 197:147-152.
159. Munkittrick, K. R., McMaster, M. E., McCarthy, L. H., Servos, M. R., and Van Der Kraak, G. J. 1998. An overview of recent studies on the potential of pulp-mill effluents to alter reproductive parameters in fish. J. Toxicol. Environ. Heath B 1:347-371.
160. Munoz-Cueto, J. A., Burzawa-Gerard, E., Kah, O., Valotaire, Y., and Pakdel, F. 1999. Cloning and sequencing of the gilthead seabream estrogen receptor cDNA. DNA Sequence 10:75-84.
161. Murata, K., Sasakai, T., Yasumasu, S., Iuchi, I., Enami, J., Yasumasu, I., and Yamagami, K. 1995. Cloning of cDNAs for the precursor protein of a low molecular weight subunit of the inner layer of the egg envelope (chorion) of the fish Oryzias latipes. Dev. Biol. 167:9-17.
162. Murata, K., Sugiyama, H., Yasumasu, S., Iuchi, I., and Yamagami, K. 1997. Cloning of cDNA and estrogen-induced hepatic gene expression for choriogenin H, a precursor protein of the fish egg envelope (chorion). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94:2050-2055.
163. Murk, A. J., Legler, J., van Lipzig, M. M. H., Meerman, J. H. N., Belfroid, A. C., Spenkelink, A., van der Burg, B., Rijs, G. B. J., and Vethaak, D. 2002. Detection of estrogenic potency in wastewater and surface water with three in vitro bioassays. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 21:16-23.
164. Nicolas, J.-M. 1999. Vitellogenesis in fish and the effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contaminants. Aquat. Toxicol. 45:77-90.
165. Noaksson, E., Tjarnlund, U., Bosveld, A. T. C., and Balk, L. 2001. Evidence for endocrine disruption in perch (Perca fluviatilis) and roach (Rutilus rutilus) in a remote Swedish lake in the vicinity of a public refuse dump. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 174:160-176.
166. Oberdorster, E., Cottam, D. M., Wilmot, F. A., Milner, M. J., and McLachlan, J. A. 1999. Interaction of PAHs and PCBs with ecdysone-dependent gene expression and cell proliferation. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 160:101-108.
167. Oberdorster, E., Rice, C. D., and Irwin, L. K. 2000. Purification of vitellin from grass shrimp Palaemonetes pugio, generation of monoclonal antibodies, validation for the detection of lipovitellin in crustacea. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. (C) 127:199-207.
168. Oberdorster, E., Rittschof, D., and McClellan-Green, P. 1998. Testosterone metabolism in imposex and normal Ilyanassa obsoleta: Comparison of field and TBTA Cl-induced imposex. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 36:144-155.
169. Oehlmann, J., Schulte-Oehlmann, U., Tillmann, M., and Markert, B. 2000. Effects of endocrine disruptors on plasmobranch snails in the laboratory. Part I: Bisphenol A and octylphenol as xeno-estrogens. Ecotoxicology 9:383-397.
170. Olmstead, A. W., and LeBlanc, G. L. 2001. Low exposure concentration effects of methoprene on endocrine-regulated processes in the crustacean Daphnia magna. Toxicol. Sci. 62:268-273.
171. Oppen-Berntsen, D. O., Arukwe, A., Yadetie, F., Lorens, J. B., and Male, R. 1999. Salmon eggshell protein expression: A marker for environmental estrogens. Mar. Biotechnol. 1:252-260.
172. Oppen-Berntsen, D. O., Gram-Jensen, E., and Walther, B. T. 1992. Zona radiata proteins are synthesized by rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) hepatocytes in response to estradiol-17β J. Endocrinol. 135:293-302.
173. Oppen-Berntsen, D. O., Helvik, J. V., and Walther, B. T. 1990. The major structural proteins of cod (Gadus morhua) eggshell and protein crosslinking during teleost egg hardening. Dev. Biol. 137:258-265.
174. Oppen-Berntsen, D. O., Hyllner, S. J., Haux, C., Helvik, J. V., and Walther, B. T. 1992. Eggshell zona radiata-proteins from cod (Gadus morhua): Extra ovarian origin and induction by estradiol-17 beta. Int. J. Dev. Biol. 36:247-254.
175. Oppen-Berntsen, D. O., Olsen, S. O., Rong, C. J., Taranger, G. L., Swanson, P., and Walther, B. T. 1994. Plasma levels of eggshell zr-proteins, estradiol-17β, and gonadotropins during the annual reproductive cycle of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). J. Exp. Zool. 268:59-70.
176. Orlando, E. F., Denslow, N. D., Folmar, L. C., and Guillette, L. J. 1999. A comparison of the reproductive physiology of largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides, collected from the Escambia and Blackwater Rivers in Florida. Environ. Health Perspect. 107:199-204.
177. Pakdel, F., Metivier, R., Flouriot, G., and Valotaire, Y. 2000. Two estrogen receptor (ER) isoforms with different estrogen dependencies are generated from the trout ER gene. Endocrinology 141:571-580.
178. Pereira, W. E., Wade, T. L., Hostettler, F. D., and Parchaso, F. 1999. Accumulation of butyltins in sediments and lipid tissues of the Asian clam, Potamocorbula amurensis, near Mare Island Naval Shipyard, San Fransisco Bay. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 38:1005-1010.
179. Pinter, J., and Thomas, P. 1995. Characterization of a progestogen receptor in the ovary of the spotted sea trout, Cynoscion nebulosus. Biol. Reprod. 52:667-675.
180. Prat, F., Coward, K., Sumpter, J. P., and Tyler, C. R. 1998. Molecular characterization and expression of two ovarian lipoprotein receptors in the rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Biol. Reprod. 58:1146-1153.
181. Reith, M., Munholland, J., Kelly, J., Finn, R. N., and Fyhn, H. J. 2001. Lipovitellins derived from two forms of vitellogenin are differentially processed during oocyte maturation in haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus). J. Exp. Zool. 291:58-67.
182. Ren, L., Lewis, S. K., and Lech, J. J. 1996. Effects of estrogen and nonylphenol on the post-transcriptional regulation of vitellogenin gene expression. Chem. Biol. Interact. 100:67-76.
183. Rice, C. D., and Roszell, L. E. 1998. Tributyltin modulates 3,3′,4,4′,5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB-126)-induced hepatic CYP1A activity in channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A 55:197-212.
184. Rice, C. D., and Xiang, Y. 2000. Immune function, hepatic CYP1A, and reproductive biomarker responses in the gulf killifish, Fundulus grandis, during dietary exposures to endocrine disrupters. Mar. Environ. Res. 50:163-168.
185. Robinson-Rechavi, M., Marchand, O., Escriva, H., Bardet, P. L., Zelus, D., Hughes, S., and Laudet, V. 2001. Euteleost fish genomes are characterized by expansion of gene families. Genome Res. 11:781-788.
186. Rodriguez-Ariza, A., Alhama, J., Diaz-Mendez, F. M., and Lopez-Barea, J. 1999. Content of 8-oxodG in chromosomal DNA of Sparus aurata fish as biomarker of oxidative stress and environmental pollution. Mut. Res. Gen. Toxicol. Environ. Mutagen. 438:97-107.
187. Rogers, S. A., Llewellyn, L., Wigham, T., and Sweeney, G. I. 2000. Cloning of the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) estrogen receptor-alpha gene. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 125:379-385.
188. Ronis, M. J. J., and Mason, A. Z. 1996. The metabolism of testosterone by the periwinkle (Littorina littorea) in vitro and in vivo: Effects of tributyl tin. Mar. Environ. Res. 42:161-166.
189. Rotchell, J. M., Lee, J.-S., Chipman, J. K., and Ostrander, G. K. 2001. Structure, expression and activation of fish ras genes. Aquat. Toxicol. 55:1-21.
190. Rotchell, J. M., Unal, E., Van Beneden, R. J., and Ostrander, G. K. 2001. Induction of retinoblastoma tumor suppressor gene mutations in chemically induced liver tumors in medaka (Oryzias latipes). Mar. Biotechnol. 3:S44-S49.
191. Routledge, E. J., and Sumpter, J. P. 1996. Estrogenic activity of surfactants and some of their degradation products assessed using a recombinant yeast screen. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 15:218-248.
192. Roy, A. K., Tyagi, R. K., Song, C. S., Lavrovsky, Y., Ahn, S. C., Oh, T. S., and Chatterjee, B. 2001. Androgen receptor: Structural domains and functional dynamics after ligand-receptor interaction selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMS). Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 949:44-57.
193. Safe, S. 1994. Polychlorinated-biphenyls (PCBs)-environmental impact, biochemical and toxic responses, and implications for risk assessment. Crit. Rev. Toxicol. 24:87-149.
194. Safe, S., Astroff, B., Harries, M., Zacherwski, T., Dickerson, R., Romkes, M., and Biegel, L. 1991. TCDD and related compounds as antiestrogens: Characterization and mechanism of action. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 69:400-409.
195. Scholz, S., and Gutzeit, H. O. 2000. 17-α-Ethinylestradiol affects reproduction, sexual differentiation and aromatase gene expression of the medaka (Oryzias latipes). Aquat. Toxicol. 50:363-373.
196. Servos, M. R. 1999. Review of the aquatic toxicity, estrogenic responses and bioaccumulation of alkylphenols and alkylphenol polyethoxylates. Water Qual. Res. J. Can. 34:123-177.
197. Sharrock, W. J., Rosenwasser, T. A., Gould, J., Knott, J., Hussey, D., Gordon, J. I., Banaszak, L. J. 1992. Sequence of lamprey vitellogenin: Implications for the lipovitellin crystal structure. J. Mol. Biol. 226:903-907.
198. Sheahan, D. A., Brighty, G. C., Daniel, M., Jobling, S., Harries, J. E., Hurst, M. R., Kennedy, J., Kirby, S. J., Morris, S., Routledge, E. J., Sumpter, J. P., and Waldock, M. J. 2002. Reduction in the estrogenic activity of a treated sewage effluent discharge to an English river as a result of a decrease in the concentration of industrially derived surfactants. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 21:515-519.
199. Sherwood, N. M., Parker, D. B., McRory, J. E., and Lescheid, D. W. 1994. Molecular evolution of growth hormone-releasing hormone and gonadotropin-releasing hormone. In Fish physiology, eds. N. M. Sherwood and C. L. Hew, vol. XIII, pp. 3-66. San Diego: Academic Press.
200. Simpson, M. G., Parry, M., Klienhauf, A., Swarbreck, D., Walker, P., and Leah, R. T. 2000. Pathology of the liver, kidney and gonad of the flounder (Platichthys flesus) from a UK estuary impacted by endocrine disrupting chemicals. Mar. Environ Res. 50:283-287.
201. Slater, C. H., and Schreck, C. B. 1998. Season and physiological parameters modulate salmonid leucocyte androgen receptor affinity and abundance. Fish Shellfish Immunol. 8:379-391.
202. Smit, A. B., Jimenez, C. R., Dirks, R. W., Croll, R. P., and Geraerts, W. P. 1992. Characterization of a cDNA clone encoding multiple copies of the neuropeptide APGWamide in the mollusk Lymnaea stagnalis. J. Neurosci. 12:1709-1715.
203. Socorro, S., Power, D. M., Olsson, P. E., and Canario, A. V. M. 2000. Two estrogen receptors expressed in the teleost fish, Sparus aurata: cDNA cloning, characterization and tissue distribution. J. Endocrinol. 166:293-306.
204. Sole, M., Morcillo, Y., and Porte, C. 2000. Stress-protein response in tributyltin-exposed clams. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 64:852-858.
205. Soto, A. M., Sonnesnschein, C., Chung, L. K., Fernandez, M. F., Olea, N., and Serrano, F. O. 1995. The E-SCREEN assay as a tool to identify estrogens: An update on estrogenic environmental pollutants. Environ. Health Perspect. 103:113-122.
206. Sperry, T. S., and Thomas, P. 2000. Androgen binding profiles of two distinct nuclear androgen receptors in Atlantic croaker (Micropogonias undulatus). J. Steroid Biochem Mol. Biol. 73:93-103.
207. Stifani, S., Barber, D. L., Nimpf, J., and Schneider, W. J. 1990. A single chicken oocyte plasma membrane protein mediates uptake of very low density lipoprotein and vitellogenin. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87:1955-1959.
208. Sumpter, J. P., and Jobling, S. 1995. Vitellogenesis as a biomarker for estrogenic contamination of the aquatic environment. Environ. Health Perspect. 103(suppl. 7):173-178.
209. Takeo, J., and Yamashita, S. 1999. Two distinct isoforms of cDNA encoding rainbow trout androgen receptors. J. Biol. Chem. 274:5674-5680.
210. Tanenbaum, D. M., Wang, Y., Williams, S. P., and Sigler, P. B. 1998. Crystallographic comparison of the estrogen and progesterone receptor's ligand binding domains. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95:5998-6003.
211. Tchoudakova, A., Pathak, S., and Callard, G. V. 1999. Molecular cloning of an estrogen receptor beta subtype from the goldfish, Carassius auratus. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 113:388-400.
212. Teo, B. Y., Tan, N. S., Lim, E. H., Lam, T. J., and Ding, J. L. 1998. A novel piscine vitellogenin gene: Structural and functional analyses of estrogen-inducible promoter. Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 146:103-120.
213. Thomas, P. 1990. Teleost model for studying the effects of chemicals on female reproductive endocrine function. J. Exp. Zool. Suppl. 4:126-128.
214. Thomas, H. E., Stunnenberg, H. G., and Stewart, A. F. 1993. Heterodimerization of the Drosophila ecdysone receptor with retinoid X receptor and ultraspiracle. Nature 362:471-475.
215. Thomas-Jones, E. 2002. SETAC Europe 12th Annual Meeting, May. Abstract 18-20.
216. Thompson, S., Tilton, F., Schlenk, D., and Benson, W. H. 2000. Comparative vitellogenic responses in three teleost species: Extrapolation to in situ field studies. Mar. Environ. Res. 50:185-189.
217. Thornton, J. W. 2001. Evolution of vertebrate steroid receptors from an ancestral estrogen receptor by ligand exploitation and serial genome expansions. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 98:5671-5676.
218. Tiano, L., Fedeli, D., Moretti, M., and Falcioni, G. 2001. DNA damage induced by organotins on trout-nucleated erythrocytes. Appl. Organometal. Chem. 15:575-580.
219. Todo, T., Adachi, S., and Yamauchi, K. 1996. Molecular cloning and characterization of the Japanese eel estrogen receptor cDNA. Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 119:37-45.
220. Todo, T., Ikeuchi, T., Kobayashi, T., Kajiura-Kobayashi, H., Suzuki, K., Yoshikuni, M., Yamauchi, K., and Nagahama, Y. 2000. Characterization of a testicular 17 alpha, 20 beta-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (a spermiation-inducing steroid in fish) receptor from a teleost, Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica). FEBS Lett. 465:12-17.
221. Todo, T., Ikeuchi, T., Kobayashi, T., Nagahama, Y. 1999. Fish androgen receptor: cDNA cloning, steroid activation of transcription in transfected mammalian cells, and tissue mRNA levels. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 254:378-383.
222. Tong, Z., and James, M. O. 2000. Purification and characterization of hepatic and intestinal phenol sulfotransferase with high affinity for benzo[a]pyrene phenols from channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 376:409-419.
223. Touhata, K., Kinoshita, M., Tokuda, Y., Toyohara, H., Sakaguchi, M., Yokoyama, Y., and Yamashita, S. 1999. Sequence and expression of a cDNA encoding the red seabream androgen receptor. Biochem. Biophys. Acta 1450:481-485.
224. Touhata, K., Kinoshita, M., Toyohara, H., and Sakaguchi, M. 1998. Sequence and expression of a cDNA encoding the red seabream estrogen receptor. Fish. Sci. 64:131-135.
225. Trant, J. M. 1994. Isolation and characterization of the cDNA encoding the channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) from of cytochrome P450arom. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 95:155-168.
226. Trewitt, P. M., Heilmann, L. J., Degrugillier, S. S., and Kumaran, A. K. 1992. The boll weevil vitellogenin gene - Nucleotide sequence structure and evolutionary relationship to nematode and vertebrate vitellogenin genes. J. Mol. Evol. 34:478-492.
227. Trichet, V., Buisine, N., Mouchel, N., Moran, P., Pendas, A. M., Le Pennec, J. P., and Wolff, J. 2000. Genomic analysis of the vitellogenin locus in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) reveals a complex history of gene amplification and retroposon activity. Mol. Gen. Genet. 263:828-837.
228. Trudeau, V. L., Chiu, S., Kennedy, S. W., and Brooks, R. J. 2002. Octylphenol (OP) alters the expression of members of the amyloid protein family in the hypothalamus of the snapping turtle, Chelydra serpentina. Environ. Health Perspect. 110:269-275.
229. Tsai, C. L., Wang, L. H., and Fang, L. S. 2001. Estradiol and para-chlorophenylalanine downregulate the expression of the brain aromatase and estrogen receptor-alpha mRNA during the critical period of feminization in tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus). Neuroendocrinology 74:325-334.
230. Unuma, T., Okamoto, H., Konishi, K., Ohta, H., and Mori, K. 2001. Cloning of cD3NA encoding vitellogenin and its expression in red sea urchin, Pseudocentrotus depressus. Zool. Sci. 18:559-565.
231. Vyhlidal, C., Samudio, I., Kladde, M. P., and Safe, S. 2000. Transcriptional activation of transforming growth factor a by estradiol: Requirement for both a GC-rich site and an estrogen response element half-site. J. Mol. Endocrinol. 24:329-338.
232. Wang, F., Hoivik, D., Pollenz, R., and Safe, S. 1998. Functional and physical interactions between the estrogenreceptor Spl and nuclear aryl hydrocarbon receptor complexes. Nucleic Acids Res. 26:3044-3052.
233. Wang, H., and Gong, Z. 1999. Characterization of two zebrafish cDNA clones encoding egg envelope proteins ZP2 and ZP3. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1446:156-160.
234. Wang, H., Yan, T., Tan, J. T., and Gong, Z. 2000. A zebrafish vitellogenin gene (vg3) encodes a novel vitellogenin without a phosvitin domain and may represent a primitive vertebrate vitellogenin gene. Gene 256:303-310.
235. Wang, Y., Hayward, S. W., Donjacour, A. A., Young, P., Jacks, T., Sage, J., Dahiya, R., Cardiff, R. D., Day, M. L., and Cunha, G. R. 2000. Sex hormone-induced carcinogenesis in Rb-deficient prostate tissue. Cancer Res. 60:6008-6017.
236. Waters, K. M., Safe, S., and Gaido, K. W. 2001. Differential gene expression in response to methoxychlor and estradiol through ER alpha, ER beta, and AR in reproductive tissues of female mice. Toxicol. Sci. 63:47-56.
237. Weber, L. P., Kiparissis, Y., Hwang, G. P., Niimi, A. J., Janz, D. M., and Metcalfe, C. D. 2002. Increased cellular apoptosis after chronic aqueous exposure to nonylphenol and quercetin in adult medaka (Oryzias latipes). Comp. Biochem. Physiol. (C) 131:51-59.
238. Weinberg, R. A., 1995. The retinoblastoma protein and cell cycle control. Cell 81:323-330.
239. Wellejus, A., and Loft, S. 2002. Receptor-mediated ethinylestradiol-induced oxidative DNA damage in rat testicular cells. FASEB J. 16:195-201.
240. Wells, K., and Van Der Kraak, G. 2000. Differential binding of endogenous steroids and chemicals to androgen receptors in rainbow trout and goldfish. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 19:2059-2065.
241. Welshons, W. W., Lieberman, M. E., and Gorski, J. 1984. Nuclear-localization of unoccupied estrogen receptors. Nature 307:747-749.
242. Wester, P. W., Canton, J. H., and Bisschop, A. 1985. Histopathological study of Poecilia reticulata (guppy) after long-term beta-hexachlorocyclohexane exposure. Aquat. Toxicol. 6:271-296.
243. Westerlund, L., Hyllner, S. J., Schopen, A., and Olsson, P. E. 2001. Expression of three vitelline envelope protein genes in Arctic char. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 122:78-87.
244. Winn, R. N., Norris, M. B., Brayer, K. J., Torres, C., and Muller, S. L. 2000. Detection of mutations in transgenic fish carrying a bacteriophage lambda cll transgene target. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97:12655-12660.
245. Winn, R. N., Norris, M., Muller, S., Torres, C., and Brayer, K. 2001. Bacteriophage lambda and plasmid pUR288 transgenic fish models for detecting in vivo mutations. Mar. Biotechnol. 3:S185-S195 (suppl. 1).
246. Xia, Z., Gale, W. L., Chang, X., Langenau, D., Patino, R., Maule, A. G., and Densmore, L. D. 2000. Phylogenetic sequence analysis, recombinant expression, and tissue distribution of a channel catfish estrogen receptor β1. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 118:139-149.
247. Xing, H., and Shapiro, D. J. 1993. An estrogen receptor mutant exhibiting hormone-independent transactivation and enhanced affinity for the estrogen response element. J. Biol. Chem. 266:23227-23233.
248. Yadetie, F., Arukwe, A., Goksoyr, A., and Male, R. 1999. Induction of hepatic estrogen -receptor in juvenile Atlantic salmon in vivo by the environmental estrogen, 4-nonylphenol. Sci. Total Environ. 233:201-210.
249. Yan, Y. L., Kunert, C. J., and Postlethwait, J. H. 1987. Sequence homologies among the three yolk polypeptide (Yp) genes in Drosophila melanogaster. Nucleic Acids Res. 15:67-85.
250. Yang, W. J., Ohira, T., Tsutsui, N., Subramoniam, T., Huong, D. T., Aida, K., and Wilder, M. N. 2000. Determination of amino acid sequence and site of mRNA expression of four vitellins in the giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii. J. Exp. Zool. 287:413-422.
251. Yano, K., Sakurai, M. T., Izumi, S., and Tomino, S. 1994. Vitellogenin gene of the silkworm, Bombyx mori - Structure and sex-dependent expression. FEBS Lett. 356:207-211.
252. Zacharewski, T. R., Berhane, K., Gillesby, B. E., and Burnison, B. K. 1995. Detection of estrogen- and dioxin-like activity in pulp and paper mill black liquor and effluent using in vitro recombinant receptor/reporter gene assays. Environ. Sci. Technol. 29:2140-2146.