Role of non-transferrin-bound iron in the pathogenesis of iron overload and toxicity

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology

Volumn 509, Issue , 2003, Pages 45-53

  Brissot, Pierre ^a   Loréal, Olivier ^b  

^a PONTCHAILLOU UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (France)

^b NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

FERRITIN; IRON; TRANSFERRIN;

BIOACCUMULATION; CHEMICAL ANALYSIS; CYTOPATHOGENIC EFFECT; FLUORESCENCE; HEMOCHROMATOSIS; HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY; HUMAN; IRON BLOOD LEVEL; IRON CHELATION; IRON OVERLOAD; IRON TRANSPORT; LIVER CELL; NONHUMAN; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY; PARENCHYMA; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN BINDING; QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS; REVIEW; TECHNIQUE; ULTRAFILTRATION; ANIMAL; GENETICS; METABOLISM;

ANIMALS; HEMOCHROMATOSIS; HUMANS; IRON; IRON OVERLOAD; PROTEIN BINDING; TRANSFERRIN;

EID: 0041308113     PISSN: 00652598     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (85)

1. Hershko C, Graham G, Bates GW, Rachmilewitz EA. Non-specific serum iron in thalassemia: an abnormal serum iron fraction of potential toxicity. Br J Haematol 1978; 40: 255-263.
2. Bleijenberg BG, Van Eijk HG, Leijnse B. The determination of nonheme iron and transferrin in cerebrospinal fluid. Clin Chim Acta 1979; 31: 277-281.
3. Felgenhauer K. Protein size and cerebrospinal fluid. Klin Wochenschr. 1974; 52: 1158-1164.
4. Lamoureux G, Jolicoeur R, Giard N, St-Hilaire M, Duplantis F. Cerebrospinal fluid proteins in multiple sclerosis. Neurology 1975; 25: 537-552.
5. Del Principe D, Menichelli A, Colistra C. The ceruloplasmin and transferrin systems in cerebrospinal fluid in acute leukaemia patients. Acta Paediatr scand 1989; 78: 327-328.
6. Gutteridge JMC. Hydroxyl radicals, iron, oxidative stress and neurodegeneration. Ann NY Acad Sci 1994; 738: 201-213.
7. Evans PJ, Evans RW, Bomford RW, Williams R, Halliwell B. Metal irons catalytic for free radical reactions in the plasma of patients with fulminant hepatic failure. 1994; 20: 139-144.
8. Nomdedeu J, Gimferrer NJ, Ubeda J, Marco N, Brunet S, Sureda A, Martino R, Altés A, Royo MT, Marigo GJ, Domingo-Albos A. Non-transferrin plasma iron in leukemia, lymphoma and myelodysplactic syndromes. Biol Clin Hematol 1995; 17: 135-139.
9. Halliwell B, Aruoma OI, Mufti G, Bomford A. Bleomycin-detectable iron in serum from leukaemic patients before and after chemotherapy. Therapeutic implications for treatment with oxidant-generating drugs. FEBS Letters 1988; 241: 202-204.
10. Harrison P, Marwah SS, Hughes RT, Bareford D. Non-transferrin bound iron and neutropenia after cytotoxic chemotherapy. J Clin Pathol 1994; 47: 350-352.
11. Carmine TC, Evans P, Bruchelt G, Evans R, Handgretinger R, Niethammer D, Halliwell B. Presence of iron catalytic for free radical reactions in patients undergoing chemotherapy: implications for therapeutic management. Cancer Letters 1995; 94: 219-226.
12. Bradley SJ, Gosriwatana I, Srichairatanakool S, Hider RC, Porter JB. Non-transferrin-bound iron induced by myeloablative chemotherapy. Br J Haematol 1997; 99: 337-343.
13. Dürken M, Nielsen P, Knobel S, Finckh B, Herrning C, Dresow B, Kohlschütter B, Stockschläder M, Krüger WH, Kohlschütter A, Zander AR. Nontransferrin-bound iron in serum of patients receiving bone marrow transplants. Free Rad Biol Med 1997; 22: 1159-1163.
14. Sahlstedt L, Ebeling F, von Bonsdorff L, Parkkinen J, Ruutu T. Non-transferrin-bound iron during allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Br J Haematol 2001; 113: 836-838.
15. Gutteridge JMC, Quintan GJ, Mumby S, Heath A, Evans TW. Primary plasma antioxidants in adult respiratory distress syndrome patients: changes in iro-oxidizing, iron-binding, and free radical-scavenging proteins. J Lab Clin Med 1994; 124: 263-273.
16. Pepper JR, Mumby S, Gutteridge JMC. Transient iron-overload with bleomycin-detectable iron present during cardiopumonary bypass surgery. Free Rad Res 1994; 21: 53-58.
17. Lau S, Sarkar B. Comparative studies of manganese(II), nickel(II), zinc(II), copper(II), cadmium(II) and iron(III) binding components in human cord and adult sera. Can J Biochem Cell Biol 1984; 62: 449-455.
18. Stojkovski S, Goumakos W, Sarkar B. Iron(III)-binding polypeptide in human cord and adult serum: isolation, purification and partial characterization? Biochim Biophys Acta. 1992; 1137: 155-161.
19. Grootveld M, Bell JD, Halliwell B, Aruoma OI, Bomford A, Sadler PJ. Non-transferrin-bound iron in plasma or serum from patients with idiopathic hemochromatosis. Characterization by high performance liquid chromatography and nuclear resonance spectroscopy. J Biol Chem. 1989; 264: 4417-4422.
20. Singh S, Hider RC, Porter JB. A direct method for quantification of non-transferrin-bound iron. Anal Biochem. 1990; 186: 320-323.
21. Simpson RJ, Cooper CE, Raja KB, Halliwell B, Evans PJ, Aruoma OI, Singh S, Konijn AM. Non-transferrin-bound iron species in the serum of hypotransferrinaemic mice. Biochim Bipphys Acta 1992; 1156: 19-26.
22. Breuer W, Ronson A, Abramov A, Slotki I, Hershko H, Cabantchik ZI. The assessment of serum non-transferrin-bound iron (NTBI) in chelation therapy and iron supplementation. Blood 2000; 95: 2975-2982.
23. Zang D, Okada S, Kawabata T, Yasuda T. An improved simple colorimetric method for quantitation of non-transferrin-bound iron in serum. Biochem Mol Biol Int 1995; 35: 635-641.
24. Porter JB, Abeysinghe RD, Marshall L, Hider RC, Singh S. Kinetics of removal and reappearance of non-transferrin-bound plasma iron with deferoxamine therapy. Blood 1996; 88: 705-713.
25. Al-Refaie FN, Wickens DG, Wonke B, Kontoghiorghes GJ, Hoffbrand AV. Serum non-transferrin-bound iron in beta-thalassaemia major patients treated with desferrioxamine and L1. Br J Haematol 1992; 82: 431-436.
26. McNamara L, Macphail AP, Mandishona E, Bloom P, Paterson AC, Rouault TA, Gordeuk VR. Non-transferrin-bound iron and hepatic dysfunction in African dietary iron overload. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1999; 14: 126-132.
27. Jakeman A, Thompson T, McHattie J, Lehotay DC. Sensitive method for nontransferrin-bound iron quantification by furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Clin Biochem 2001; 34: 43-47.
28. Gosriwatana I, Loréal O, Shuli L, Brissot P, Porter J, Hider RC. Quantification of non-transferrin-bound iron in the presence of unsaturated transferrin. Anal Biochem 1999; 273: 212-220.
29. Loréal O, Gosriwatana I, Guyader D, Porter J, Brissot P, Hider RC. Determination of non-transferrin bound iron in genetic hemochromatosis using a new HPLC-based method. J Hepatol 2000; 32: 727-733.
30. Gutteridge JMC, Rowley DA, Halliwell B. Superoxide-dependent formation of hydroxyl radicals in the presence of iron salts. Biochem J 1981; 199: 263-265.
31. Richardson DR, Dean RT. Does free extracellular iron exist in haemochromatosis and other pathologies and is it redox active? Clin Sci 2001; 100: 237-238.
32. Burkitt MJ, Milne L, Raafat A. A simple, highly sensitive and improved method for the measurement of bleomycin-detectable iron: the "catalytic iron index" and its value in the assessment of iron status in haemochromatosis. Clin Sci. 2001; 100: 239-247.
33. Breuer W, Ermers MJJ, Pootrakul P, Abramov A, Hershko C, Cabantchik ZI. Desferrioxamine-chelatable iron, a component of serum non-transferrin-bound iron, used for assessing chelation therapy. Blood 2001; 97: 792-798.
34. Wheby MS, Jones LG. Role of transferrin in iron absorption. J Clin Invest 1963; 42: 1007-1016.
35. Brissot P, Wright TL, Ma WL, Weisiger RA. Efficient clearance of non-transferrin-bound iron by rat liver. Implications for hepatic iron loading and iron overload states. J Clin Invest 1985; 76: 1463-1470.
36. Zimelman AP, Zimmerman HJ, McLean R, Weintraub LR. Effect of iron saturation of transferrin on hepatic iron uptake: an in vitro study. Gastroenterology 1977; 72: 129-131.
37. Craven CM, Alexander J, Eldridge M, Kushner JP, Bernstein S, Kaplan J. Tissue distribution and clearance kinetics of non-transferrin-bound iron in the hypotransferrinemic mouse: A rodent model for hemochromatosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1987; 84: 3457-3461.
38. Bradbury MWB, Raja K, Ueda F. Contrasting uptakes of 59Fe into spleen, liver, kidney and some other soft tissues in normal and hypotransferrinaemic mice. Biochem Pharmacol 1994; 47: 969-974.
39. Bernstein SE. Hereditary hypotransferrinemia with hemosiderosis, a murine disorder resembling human atransferrinemia. J Lab Clin Med 1987; 110: 690-705.
40. Wright TL, Brissot P, Ma WL, Weisiger RA. Characterization of non-transferrin-bound iron clearance by rat liver. J Biol Chem 1986; 261: 10909-10914.
41. Baker E, Baker SM, Morgan EH. Characterisation of non-transferrin-bound iron (ferric citrate) uptake by rat hepatocytes in culture. Biochim Biophys Acta 1998; 1380: 21-30.
42. Barisani D, Berg CL, Wessling-Resnick, Gollan J. Evidence for a low Km transporter for non-transferrin-bound iron in isolated rat hepatocytes. Am J Physiol 1995; 269: G570-576.
43. Iancu TC, Shiloh H, Raja KB, Simpson RJ, Peters TJ, Perl DP, Hsu A, Good PF. The hypotransferrinaemic mouse: ultrastructural and laser microprobe analysis observations. J Pathol 1995; 177: 83-94.
44. Kaplan J, Jordan I, Sturrock A. Regulation of the transferrin- independent iron transport system in cultured cells. J Biol Chem 1991; 266: 2997-3004.
45. Parkes JG, Randell EW, Olivieri NF, Templeton DM. Modulation by iron loading and chelation of the uptake of non-transferrin-bound iron by human liver cells. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1995; 1243: 373-380.
46. Randell EW, Parkes JG, Olivieri NF, Templeton DM. Uptake of non-transferrin-bound iron by both reductive and nonreductive processes is modulated by intracellular iron. J Biol Chem. 1994; 269: 16046-16053.
47. Simpson RJ, Konijn AM, Lombard M, Raja KB, Salisbury JR, Peters TJ. Tissue iron loading and histopathological changes in hypotransferrinaemic mice. J Pathol 1993; 171: 237-244.
48. Link G, Pinson A, Hershko C. Heart cells in culture: A model of myocardial iron overload and chelation. J Lab Clin Med. 1985; 106: 147-153.
49. Parkes JG, Hussain RA, Olivieri NF, Templeton DM. Effects of iron loading on uptake, speciation, and chelation of iron in cultured myocardial cells. J Lab Clin Med. 1993; 122: 36-47.
50. 59Fe uptake into brain and cerebrospinal fluid and the influence thereon of antibodies against the transferrin receptor. J Neurochem 1993; 60: 106-113.
51. Dickinson TK, Devenyi AG, Connor JR. Distribution of injected iron 59 and manganese 54 in hypotransferrinemic mice. J Lab Clin Med. 1996; 128: 270-8.
52. Egyed A. Carrier mediated iron transport through erythroid cell membrane. Br J Haematol 1988; 68: 483-486.
53. Hodgson LL, Quail EA, Morgan EH. Iron transport mechanisms in reticulocytes and mature erythrocytes. J Cell Physiol 1995; 162: 181-190.
54. Garrick LM, Dolan KG, Romano MA, Garrick MD. Non-transferrin-bound iron uptake in Belgrade and normal rat erythroid cells. J Cell Physiol 1999; 178: 349-358.
55. Fawwaz RA, Winchell HS, Pollycove M, Sargent T. Hepatic iron deposition in humans. First-pass hepatic deposition of intestinally absorbed iron in patients with low plasma iron-binding capacity. Blood 1967; 30: 417-424.
56. Batey RG, Fong LC, Shamir S, Sherlock S. A non-transferrin-bound serum iron in idiopathic hemochromatosis. Digestive Dis Sci 1980; 25: 340-346.
57. Gutteridge JMC, Rowley DA, Griffiths E, Halliwell B. Low-molecular- weight iron complexes and oxygen radical reactions in idiopathic haemochromatosis. Clin Sci 1985; 68: 463-467.
58. Aruoma OI, Bomford A, Polson RJ, Halliwell B. Nontransferrin-bound iron in plasma from hemochromatosis patients: Effect of phlebotomy therapy. Blood 1988; 72: 1416-1419.
59. de Valk B, Addicks MA, Gosriwatana I, Lu S, Hider RC, Marx JJM. Non-transferrin-bound iron is present in serum of hereditary haemochromatosis heterozygotes. Eur. J Clin Invest. 2000; 30: 248-251.
60. Fargion S, Cappellini MD, Sampietro M, Fiorelli G. Non-specific iron in patients with beta-thalassaemia trait and chronic active hepatitis. Scand J Haematol. 1981; 26: 161-167.
61. Anuwatanakulchai M, Pootrakul P, Thuvasethakul P, Wasi P. Non-transferrin plasma iron in β-thalassaemia/Hb E and haemoglobin H diseases. Scand J Haematol 1984; 32: 153-158.
62. Heilmeyer VL, Keller W, Vivell O, Keiderling W, Betke K, Wöhler F, Schultze HE Kongenitale atransferrinämie bei einem sieben jahre alten kind. Deutsch Med Wschr 1961; 86: 1745-1751.
63. Goya N, Miyazaki S, Kodate S, Ushio B. A family of congenital atransferrinemia. Blood 1972; 40: 239-245.
64. Hayashi A, Wada Y, Suzuki T, Shimizu A. Studies on familial hypotransferrinemia: unique clinical course and molecular pathology. Am J Hum Genet 1993; 53: 201-213.
65. Anderson GJ. Non-transferrin-bound iron and cellular toxicity. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1999; 14: 105-108.
66. Brock J.W., Halliday J.W., Pippard J., Powell L.W.[edts], Iron Metabolism in Health and Disease. Saunders, London, 1994, pp. 311-351.
67. Halliwell B, Gutteridge JMC. Role of free radicals and catalytic metal ions in human disease: an overview, in L Packer, AN Glazer edts. Methods in Enzymology 1990; 186: 1-85.
68. Stadtman ER. Metal ion-catalyzed oxidation of proteins: biochemical mechanism and biological consequences. Free Rad Biol Med 1990; 9: 315-325.
69. Houglum K., Filip M., Witztum J.L., Chojkier M. Malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxynonenal protein adducts in plasma and liver of rats with iron overload. J Clin Invest 1990; 86: 1991-1998.
70. Morel I, Lescoat G, Cillard J, Pasdeloup N, Brissot P, Cillard P. Biochem Pharmacol. 1990; 39: 1647-1655.
71. Mak IT, Weglicki W. Characterization of iron-mediated peroxidative injury in isolated hepatic lysosomes. J Clin Invest 1985; 75: 58-63.
72. Bacon BR, O'Neill R, Britton RS. Hepatic mitochondrial energy production in rats with chronic iron overload. Gastroenterology 1993; 105: 1134-1140.
73. Ceccarelli D, Gallesi D, Giovannini F, Ferrali M, Masini A. Relationship between free iron level and rat liver mitochondrial dysfunction in experimental dietary iron overload. Biochem Biophys Res Comm 1995; 209: 53-59.
74. Link G, Saada A, Pinson A, Konijn AM, Hershko C. Mitochondrial respiratory enzymes are a major target of iron toxicity in rat heart cells. J Lab Clin Med 1998; 131: 466-474.
75. Pigeon C, Turlin B, Iancu TC, Leroyer P, Le Lan J, Deugnier Y, Brissot P, Loréal O., Carbonyl-iron supplementation induces hepatocyte nuclear changes in BALB/CJ male mice. J Hepatol. 1999; 30: 926-934.
76. Meneghini R, Benfato MS, Bertoncini CR, Carvalho H, Gurgueira SA, Robalinho RL, Teixeira HD, Wendel CMA, Nascimento ALTO. Iron homeostasis and oxidative DNA damage. Cancer J. 1995; 8: 109-113.
77. Brissot P, Zanninelli G, Guyader D, Zeind J, Gollan JL. Biliary excretion of non-transferrin-bound iron in rats: pathogenetic importance in iron overload disorders. Am J Physiol 1994; 267: G135-G142.
78. Brissot P, Deugnier Y, Guyader D, Zanninelli G, Loréal O, Moirand R, Lescoat G. Iron overload and the biliary route, in Progress in Iron Research. Herschko C, ed, Plenum Press, New York 1994, 277-283.
79. Brissot P, Bolder U, Schteingart CD, Arnaud J, Hofmann AF. Intestinal absorption and enterohepatic cycling of biliary iron originating from plasma non-transferrin-bound iron in rats. Hepatology 1997; 25: 1457-1461.
80. Peters SW, Jones BM, Jacobs A, Wagstaff M. "Free iron" and lipid peroxidation in the plasma of patients with iron overload. In Proteins of Iron Storage and Transport. G Spik, Montreuil J, Crichton RR, Mazurier J Edts. Elsevier Science Publishers B.V. 1985; pp 321-324.
81. Livrea MA, Tesoriere L, Pintaudi AM, Calabrese A, Maggio A, Freisleben HJ, D'Arpa D, D'Anna R, Bongiorno A. Oxidative stress and antioxidant status in β-thalassemia major: iron overload and depletion of lipid-soluble antioxidants. Blood 1996; 88: 3608-3614.
82. Tavazzi D, Duca L, Graziadei G, Comino A, Fiorelli G, Cappellini MD. Membrane-bound iron contributes to oxidative damage of β-thalassaemia intermedia erythrocytes Br J Haematol 2001; 112: 48-50.
83. Mahoney JR, Hallaway PE, Hedlund BE, Eaton JW. Acute iron poisoning. Rescue with macromolecular chelators. J Clin Invest. 1989; 84: 1362-1366.
84. Rosenmund A, Haeberli A, PW Straub. Blood coagulation and acute iron toxicity. Reversible iron-induced inactivation of serine proteases in vitro. J Lab Clin Med. 1984; 103: 524-533.
85. Tenenbein M, Kopelow ML, deSa DJ. Myocardial failure and shock in iron poisoning. Human Toxicol 1988; 7: 281-284.