Frequency standards, metrology and fundamental constants

Contemporary Physics

Volumn 44, Issue 2, 2003, Pages 99-135

  Conroy, Richard S ^a  

^a HARVARD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0038446680     PISSN: 00107514     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/00107910210164020     Document Type: Article

References (127)

1. Taniguchi, N., 1996, Nanotechnology: Integrated Processing Systems for Ultra-Precision and Ultra-Fine Products (New York: Oxford University Press).
2. Chandler, C., 1953, Modern Interferometers (London: Hilger & Watts).
3. Bernard, V., Nogues, G., Daussy, C., Constantin, L., and Chardonnet, C., 1997, Metrologia, 34, 313.
4. Bauch, A., Fischer, B., Heindorff, T., and Schroder, R., 1998, Metrologia, 35, 829.
5. Lyons, H., 1952, Ann. New York Acad. Sci., 55, 831.
6. Essen, L., and Parry, L., 1955, Nature, 176, 280.
7. Markowitz, W., Hall, R., Essen, L., and Parry, J., 1958, Phys. Rev. Lett., 1, 105.
8. Rabi, I. I., Zacharias, J. R., Millman, S., and Kush, P., 1938, Phys. Rev., 53, 318.
9. Ramsey, N. F., 1949, Phys. Rev. Lett., 76, 996; Ramsay, N. F., 1950, Phys. Rev., 78, 695.
10. Ramsey, N. F., 1949, Phys. Rev. Lett., 76, 996; Ramsay, N. F., 1950, Phys. Rev., 78, 695.
11. Kastler, A., 1950, J. Phys. Radium, 11, 255; Kastler, A., 1957, J. opt. Soc. Am., 47, 460.
12. Kastler, A., 1950, J. Phys. Radium, 11, 255; Kastler, A., 1957, J. opt. Soc. Am., 47, 460.
13. Barrat, J. P., and Cohen-Tannoudji, C., 1961, Compt. Rend., 252, 93; 1961, ibid., 252, 255; Jun, J. W., Lee, H. S., Kwon, T. Y., and Minogin, V. G., 2001, Metrologia, 38, 221.
14. Barrat, J. P., and Cohen-Tannoudji, C., 1961, Compt. Rend., 252, 93; 1961, ibid., 252, 255; Jun, J. W., Lee, H. S., Kwon, T. Y., and Minogin, V. G., 2001, Metrologia, 38, 221.
15. Barrat, J. P., and Cohen-Tannoudji, C., 1961, Compt. Rend., 252, 93; 1961, ibid., 252, 255; Jun, J. W., Lee, H. S., Kwon, T. Y., and Minogin, V. G., 2001, Metrologia, 38, 221.
16. Arditi, M., and Carver, T. R., 1964, IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., 13, 146.
17. Vanier, J., Godone, A., and Levi, F., 1998, Phys. Rev. A, 58, 2345; Cyr, N., Tetu, M., and Breton, M., 1993, IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., 42, 640.
18. Vanier, J., Godone, A., and Levi, F., 1998, Phys. Rev. A, 58, 2345; Cyr, N., Tetu, M., and Breton, M., 1993, IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., 42, 640.
19. Mileti, G., Deng, J., Walls, F. L., Jennings, D. A., and Drullinger, R. E., 1988, Quantum Electron., 34, 233.
20. Tetu, M., Busca, G., and Vanier, J., 1973, IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., 22, 250.
21. Kitching, J., Hollberg, L., Knappe, S., and Wynands, R., 2001, Electron. Lett., 37, 1449; Kitching, J., Knappe, S., Vukicevic, N., Hollberg, L., Wynands, R., and Weidmann, W., 2000, IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., 49, 1313.
22. Kitching, J., Hollberg, L., Knappe, S., and Wynands, R., 2001, Electron. Lett., 37, 1449; Kitching, J., Knappe, S., Vukicevic, N., Hollberg, L., Wynands, R., and Weidmann, W., 2000, IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., 49, 1313.
23. Kitching, J., Knappe, S., Vukicevic, N., Hollberg, L., Wynands, R., and Weidemann, W., 2000, IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., 49, 1313.
24. Kolesov, R., Rostovtesev, Y., and Kocharovskaya, O., 2000, Optics Commun., 179, 527.
25. For example, Adams, C. S., 1994, Contemp. Phys., 35, 1; Dholakia, K., 1998, Contemp. Phys., 39, 351.
26. For example, Adams, C. S., 1994, Contemp. Phys., 35, 1; Dholakia, K., 1998, Contemp. Phys., 39, 351.
27. Kasevich, M. A., Riis, E., Chu, S., and DeVoe, R. G., 1989, Phys. Rev. Lett., 63, 612.
28. Peters, A., Chung, K. Y., and Chu, S., 2001, Metrologia, 38, 25.
29. 2001, Primary Atomic Standards at NIST, Vol. 106, p. 1, published in J. Res. Natl. Inst. Standards Technol., Jan-Feb.
30. Reichel, J., Morice, O., Tino, G. M., and Salamon, C., 1994, Europhys. Lett., 28, 477.
31. Treutlein, P., Chung, K. Y., and Chu, S., 2001, Phys. Rev. A, 63, 051401.
32. Leo, P. J., Tiesinga, E., and Julienne, P. S., 1998, Phys. Rev. Lett., 7, 1389; Guéry-Odelin, D., Söding, J., Desbidles, P., and Dalibard, J., 1998, Europhys. Lett., 44, 25.
33. Leo, P. J., Tiesinga, E., and Julienne, P. S., 1998, Phys. Rev. Lett., 7, 1389; Guéry-Odelin, D., Söding, J., Desbidles, P., and Dalibard, J., 1998, Europhys. Lett., 44, 25.
34. Salomon, C., Laurent, P., Lemonde, P., Simon, E., Santarelli, G., Clarion, A., Dimarcq, N., Audoin, C., Petit, P., Bernier, L. G., Busca, G., and Samain, E., 1999, Proceedings of the Joint Meeting of the 13th European Frequency and Time Forum and 1999 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium, 12 - 16 April, Besançon, France.
35. Goldenberg, H. M., Kleppner, D., and Ramsey, N. F., 1960, Phys. Rev. Lett., 8, 361; Goldenberg, H. M., Kleppner, D., and Ramsey, N. F., 1961, Phys. Rev. Lett., 8, 530.
36. Goldenberg, H. M., Kleppner, D., and Ramsey, N. F., 1960, Phys. Rev. Lett., 8, 361; Goldenberg, H. M., Kleppner, D., and Ramsey, N. F., 1961, Phys. Rev. Lett., 8, 530.
37. Fried, D. G., Killian, T. C., Willmann, L., Landhuis, D., Moss, S. C., Kleppner, D., and Greytak, T. J., 1998, Phys. Rev. Lett., 81, 3811.
38. Kokkelmans, S. J. J. M. F., Verhaar, B. J., Gibble, K., and Heizen, D. J., 1997, Phys. Rev. A, 56, R4389.
39. Lee, P. H., and Skolnick, M. L., 1967, Appl. Phys. Lett., 10, 303.
40. Bennett, W. R., 1962, Phys. Rev., 126, 580.
41. Bagayev, S. N., Kolomnikov, Y. D., Lisitsyn, V. N., and Chebotayev, V. P., 1968, IEEE J. quantum Electron., QE-4, 868.
42. Raj, R. K., Bloch, D., Snyder, J. J., Camy, G., and Ducloy, M., 1980, Phys. Rev. Lett., 44, 1251.
43. Drever, R. W. P., Hall, J. L., Kowalski, F. V., Hough, J., Ford, G. M., Munley, A. J., and Ward, H., 1983, Appl. Phys. B, 31, 97.
44. Vasilenko, L. S., Chebotayev, V. P., and Shishaev, A. V., 1970, JETP Lett., 12, 113.
45. Hänsch, T. W., Lee, S. A., Wallenstein, R., and Wieman, C., 1975, Phys. Rev. Lett., 34, 307.
46. Millerioux, Y., Touahry, D., Hilico, L., Felder, R., Birabin, F., de Beauvoir, B., Birabin, F., and Nez, F., 1994, Optics Commun., 108, 91; Onae, A., Ikrgami, T., Sugiyama, K., Hong, F. L., Minoshima, K., Matsumoto, H., Nakagawa, K., Yoshida, M., and Harada, S., 2000, Optics Commun., 183, 181.
47. Millerioux, Y., Touahry, D., Hilico, L., Felder, R., Birabin, F., de Beauvoir, B., Birabin, F., and Nez, F., 1994, Optics Commun., 108, 91; Onae, A., Ikrgami, T., Sugiyama, K., Hong, F. L., Minoshima, K., Matsumoto, H., Nakagawa, K., Yoshida, M., and Harada, S., 2000, Optics Commun., 183, 181.
48. Baklanov, Y. V., Dubetsky, B. Y., and Chebotayev, V. P., 1976, Appl. Phys., 9, 171; Berquist, J. C., Lee, S. A., and Hall, J. H., 1977, Phys. Rev. Lett., 38, 159.
49. Baklanov, Y. V., Dubetsky, B. Y., and Chebotayev, V. P., 1976, Appl. Phys., 9, 171; Berquist, J. C., Lee, S. A., and Hall, J. H., 1977, Phys. Rev. Lett., 38, 159.
50. Harris, S. E., Field, J. E., and Imamoglu, A., 1990, Phys. Rev. Lett., 64, 1107.
51. Bagayev, S. N., Vasilenko, L. S., Klement'yev, V. M., Matyugin, Y. A., Troshin, B. I., and Chebotayev, V. P., 1972, Opt. Spektrosk., 32, 802.
52. -1), Technical report, Laboratoire Aime-Cotton CNRS II.
53. Simonsen, H. R., and Rose, F., 2000, Metrologica, 37, 651.
54. Bagayev, S. N., and Chebotayev, V. P., 1975, Appl. Phys., 7, 71.
55. Zarka, A., Abou-Zeid, A., Chagniot, D., Chartier, J. M., Cip, O., Cliche, J. F., Edwards, C. S., Imkenberg, F., Jedlicka, P., Kabel, B., Lassila, A., Lazar, J., Merimaa, M., Millerioux, Y., Simonsen, H., Tetu, M., and Wallerand, J. P., 2000, Metrologica, 37, 329.
56. Schoof, A., Grunert, J., Ritter, S., and Hemmerich, A., 2001, Optics Lett., 26, 1562.
57. Barger, R. L., Bergquist, J. C., English, T. C., and Galze, D. J., 1979, Appl. Phys. Lett., 34, 850.
58. Kersten, P., Mensin, F., Sterr, U., and Riehle, E., 1999, Appl. Phys. B, 68, 27.
59. Yu, N., Dehmelt, H., and Nagourney, W., 1992, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 89, 7289.
60. Neuhauser, W., Hohenstatt, M., Toschek, P. E., and Dehmelt, H., 1980, Phys. Rev. A, 22, 1137.
61. Bollinger, J. J., Prestage, J. D., Itano, W. M., and Wineland, D. J., 1985, Phys. Rev. Lett., 54, 1000.
62. Barton, P. A., Donald, C. J. S., Lucas, D. M., Stevens, D. A., Steane, A. M., and Stacey, D. N., 2000, Phys. Rev. Lett., 62, 2503.
63. Diddams, S. A., Udem, T., Bergquist, J. C., Curtis, E. A., Drullinger, R. E., Hollberg, L., Itano, W. M., Lee, W. D., Dates, C. W., Vogel, K. R., and Wineland, D. J., 2001, Science, 293, 825.
64. von Zanthier, J., Becker, T., Eichenseer, M., Nevsky, A. Y., Schwedes, C., Peik, E., Walther, H., Holzwarth, R., Reichert, J., Udem, T., Hänsch, T. W., Pokasov, P. V., Skvortsov, M. N., and Bagayev, S. N., 2001, Laser Phys., 11, 1117; Becker, T., von Zanthier, J., Nevsky, A. Y., Schwedes, C., Skvortsov, M. N., Walter, H., and Peik, E., 2001, Phys. Rev. A, 63, 051802.
65. von Zanthier, J., Becker, T., Eichenseer, M., Nevsky, A. Y., Schwedes, C., Peik, E., Walther, H., Holzwarth, R., Reichert, J., Udem, T., Hänsch, T. W., Pokasov, P. V., Skvortsov, M. N., and Bagayev, S. N., 2001, Laser Phys., 11, 1117; Becker, T., von Zanthier, J., Nevsky, A. Y., Schwedes, C., Skvortsov, M. N., Walter, H., and Peik, E., 2001, Phys. Rev. A, 63, 051802.
66. Werth, G., 1994, Appl. Phys. B, 59, 257.
67. Boshier, M. G., Barwood, G. P., Huang, G., and Klein, H. A., 2000, Appl. Phys. B, 71, 51.
68. Dehmelt, H., 1973, Bull. Am. phys. Soc., 18, 1521; 1975, ibid., 20, 60; 1975, ibid., 20, 637.
69. Dehmelt, H., 1973, Bull. Am. phys. Soc., 18, 1521; 1975, ibid., 20, 60; 1975, ibid., 20, 637.
70. Dehmelt, H., 1973, Bull. Am. phys. Soc., 18, 1521; 1975, ibid., 20, 60; 1975, ibid., 20, 637.
71. Stenger, J., Tamm, C., Haverkamp, N., Weyers, S., and Telle, H. R., 2001, Optics Lett., 26, 1589.
72. Roberts, M., Taylor, P., Gateva-Kostova, S. V., Clarke, R. B. M., Rowley, W. R. C., and Gill, P., 1999, Phys. Rev. A, 60, 2867.
73. Taylor, P., Roberts, M., Macfarlane, G. M., Barwood, G. P., Rowley, W. R. C., and Gill, P., 1999, Phys. Rev. A, 60, 2829.
74. Uhlenberg, G., Dirscherl, J., and Walter, H., 2000, Phys. Rev. A, 62, 063404.
75. Riehle, F., Schnatz, H., Lipphardt, B., Zinner, G., Trebst, T., and Helmcke, J., 1999, IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., 48, 613.
76. Niering, M., Holzwarth, R., Reichert, J., Pokasov, P., Udem, T., Weitz, M., Hänsch, T. W., Lemonde, P., Santarelli, G., Abgrall, M., Laurent, P., Salomon, C., and Clairon, A., 2000, Phys. Rev. Lett., 84, 5496.
77. Ertmer, W., Sengstock, K., Sterr, U., Muller, J. H., Bettermann, D., Rieger, V., Ruschewitz, F., Peng, J. L., Dingler, F., Pabst, A., Strichirsch, R., Christ, M., Scholz, A., Schiffer, M., Wokurka, G., Deutschmann, R., Wallis, H., Friebel, S., and Penselin, S., 1996, Laser Phys., 6, 278.
78. Sterr, U., Bard, A., Sansonetti, C. J., Rolston, S. L., and Gillaspy, J. D., 1995, Optics Lett., 20, 1421.
79. Oates, C. W., Bondu, F., Fox, R. W., and Hollberg, L., 1999, Eur. Phys. J. D, 7, 449; Oates, C. W., Curtis, E. A., and Hollberg, L., 2000, Optics Lett., 25, 1603.
80. Oates, C. W., Bondu, F., Fox, R. W., and Hollberg, L., 1999, Eur. Phys. J. D, 7, 449; Oates, C. W., Curtis, E. A., and Hollberg, L., 2000, Optics Lett., 25, 1603.
81. Tjoelker, R. L., Prestage, J. D., and Maleki, L., 1995, Proceedings of the 5th Symposium on Frequency Standards and Metrology, edited by J. C. Bergquist (Singapore: World Scientific).
82. Nagourny, W., Sandberg, J., and Dehmelt, H., 1986, Phys. Rev. Lett., 56, 2797.
83. Katila, T., and Riski, K. J., 1981, Phys. Lett., 83A, 51.
84. Telle, H. R., Meschede, D., and Hänsch, T. W., 1990, Optics Lett., 15, 532.
85. Kourogi, M., Nakagawa, K., and Ohtsu, M., 1993, IEEE J. quantum Electron., 29, 2693.
86. Reid, D. T., 1999, Comtemp. Phys., 40, 193.
87. Udem, Th., Reichert, J., Holzwarth, R., and Hänsch, T. W., 1999, Phys. Rev. Lett., 82, 3568.
88. Holzwarth, R., Nevsky, A. Y., Zimmermann, M., Udem, T., Hänsch, T. W., von Zanthier, J., Walther, H., Knight, J. C., Wadsworth, W. J., Russell, P. S. J., Skvortsov, M. N., and Bagayev, S. N., 2001, Appl. Phys. B, 73, 269.
89. Nevsky, A. Y., Holzwarth, R., Reichert, J., Udem, T., Hansch, T. W., von Zanthier, J., Walter, H., Schnatz, H., Reiche, F., Pokasov, P. V., Skvortsov, M. N., and Bagayev, S. N., 2001, Optics Commun., 192, 263.
90. Yoon, T. H., Ye, J., Hall, J. L., and Chartier, J. M., 2001, Appl. Phys. B, 72, 221.
91. Ye, J., Ma, L. S., and Hall, J. L., 2001, Phys. Rev. Lett., 87, 270801.
92. Hils, D., and Hall, J. L., 1989, Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Frequency Standards and Metrology, edited by A. De Marchi (Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag), p. 162; Young, B. C., Cruz, F. C., Itano, W. M., and Bergquist, J. C., 1999, Phys. Rev. Lett., 82, 3799; Seel, S., Storz, R., Ruoso, G., Mlynek, J., and Schiller, S., 1997, Phys. Rev. Lett., 78, 4741.
93. Hils, D., and Hall, J. L., 1989, Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Frequency Standards and Metrology, edited by A. De Marchi (Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag), p. 162; Young, B. C., Cruz, F. C., Itano, W. M., and Bergquist, J. C., 1999, Phys. Rev. Lett., 82, 3799; Seel, S., Storz, R., Ruoso, G., Mlynek, J., and Schiller, S., 1997, Phys. Rev. Lett., 78, 4741.
94. Hils, D., and Hall, J. L., 1989, Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Frequency Standards and Metrology, edited by A. De Marchi (Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag), p. 162; Young, B. C., Cruz, F. C., Itano, W. M., and Bergquist, J. C., 1999, Phys. Rev. Lett., 82, 3799; Seel, S., Storz, R., Ruoso, G., Mlynek, J., and Schiller, S., 1997, Phys. Rev. Lett., 78, 4741.
95. Lawall, J., and Kesller, E., 2000, Rev. sci. Instrum., 71, 2669.
96. Phillips, D. F., Fleischhauer, A., Mair, A., Walsworth, R. L., and Lukin, M. D., 2001, Phys. Rev. Lett., 86, 783; Liu, C., Dutton, Z., Behroozi, C. H., and Hau, L. V., 2001, Nature, 409, 491.
97. Phillips, D. F., Fleischhauer, A., Mair, A., Walsworth, R. L., and Lukin, M. D., 2001, Phys. Rev. Lett., 86, 783; Liu, C., Dutton, Z., Behroozi, C. H., and Hau, L. V., 2001, Nature, 409, 491.
98. Hellwig, H. W., 1975, Proc. IEEE, 63, 212; Braxmaier, C., 2001, PhD Thesis, Universität Konstanz, Germany.
99. Hellwig, H. W., 1975, Proc. IEEE, 63, 212; Braxmaier, C., 2001, PhD Thesis, Universität Konstanz, Germany.
100. Dicke, R. H., 1961, Nature, 192, 440; Carter, B., 1971, Phys. Rev. Lett., 26, 33.
101. Dicke, R. H., 1961, Nature, 192, 440; Carter, B., 1971, Phys. Rev. Lett., 26, 33.
102. Lévy-Leblond, J. M., 1980, Am. J. Phys., 48, 345.
103. Birge, R. T., 1929, Rev. mod. Phys., 1, 1.
104. http://physics.nist.gov/constants/.
105. Carr, B., and Rees, M. J., 1979, Nature, 278, 605.
106. Dirac, P., 1937, Nature, 139, 323.
107. Webb, J. K., Murphy, M. T., Flambaum, V. V., Dzuba, V. A., Barrow, J. D., Churchill, C. W., Prochaska, J. X., and Wolfe, A. M., 2001, Phys. Rev. Lett., 87, 1301; Dzuba, V. A., and Flambaum, V. V., 2000, Phys. Rev. A, 61, 034502.
108. Webb, J. K., Murphy, M. T., Flambaum, V. V., Dzuba, V. A., Barrow, J. D., Churchill, C. W., Prochaska, J. X., and Wolfe, A. M., 2001, Phys. Rev. Lett., 87, 1301; Dzuba, V. A., and Flambaum, V. V., 2000, Phys. Rev. A, 61, 034502.
109. Kruger, E., Nistler, W., and Weirauch, W., 1998, Metrologia, 35, 283.
110. Minardi, F., Binachini, G., Cancio Pastor, P., Giusfredi, G., Pavon, F. S., and Inguscio, M., 1999, Phys. Rev. Lett., 82, 1112.
111. Van Dycke, Schwinberg P. B., and Dehmelt, H. A., 1987, Phys. Rev. Lett., 59, 26.
112. Sandars, P. G. H., 2001, Contemp. Phys., 42, 97; Chin, C., Leiber, V., Vuletic, V., Kerman, A. J., and Chu, S., 2001, Phys. Rev. Lett., 63, 033401.
113. Sandars, P. G. H., 2001, Contemp. Phys., 42, 97; Chin, C., Leiber, V., Vuletic, V., Kerman, A. J., and Chu, S., 2001, Phys. Rev. Lett., 63, 033401.
114. Groom, D. E., Aguilar-Benitez, M., Amsler, C., Barnett, R. M., Burchat, P. R., Carone, C. D., Caso, C., Conforto, G., Dahl, O., Doser, M., Eidelman, S., Feng, J. L., Gibbons, L., Goodman, M., Grab, C., Gurtu, A., Hagiwara, K., Hayes, K. G., Hernandez, J. J., Hikasa, K., Honscheid, K., Kolda, C., Mangano, M. L., Manohar, A. V., Masoni, A., Monig, K., Murayama, H., Nakamura, K., Navas, S., Olive, K. A., Pape, L., Piepke, A., Roos, M., Tanabashi, M., Tornqvist, N. A., Trippe, T. G., Vogel, P., Wohl, C. G., Workman, R. L., and Yao, W. M., 2000, Eur. Phys. J. C, 15, 1.
115. Williams, E. R., Steiner, R. L., Newell, D. B., and Olsen, P. T., 1998, Phys. Rev. Lett., 81, 2404.
116. Udem, T., Huber, A., Gross, B., Reichert, J., Prevedelli, M., Weitz, M., and Hänsch, T. W., 1997, Phys. Rev. Lett., 79, 2646.
117. Pound, R. V., and Rebka, G. A., 1960, Phys. Rev. Lett., 3, 357; Pound, R. V., and Snider, 1964, Phys. Rev. Lett., 13, 539.
118. Pound, R. V., and Rebka, G. A., 1960, Phys. Rev. Lett., 3, 357; Pound, R. V., and Snider, 1964, Phys. Rev. Lett., 13, 539.
119. Mansouri, R. M., and Sexl, R. U., 1977, Gen. Relativ. Gravit., 8, 497; 1977, ibid., 8, 515; 1977, ibid., 8, 809.
120. Mansouri, R. M., and Sexl, R. U., 1977, Gen. Relativ. Gravit., 8, 497; 1977, ibid., 8, 515; 1977, ibid., 8, 809.
121. Mansouri, R. M., and Sexl, R. U., 1977, Gen. Relativ. Gravit., 8, 497; 1977, ibid., 8, 515; 1977, ibid., 8, 809.
122. Brillet, A., and Hall, J. L., 1979, Phys. Rev. Lett., 42, 549.
123. Braxmaier, C., Muller, H., Pradl, O., Mlynek, J., Peters, A., and Schiller, S., 2002, Phys. Rev. Lett., 88, 401.
124. Vessot, R. F., Levine, M. W., Mattison, E. M., Blomberg, E. L., Hoffman, T. E., Nystrom, G. U., Farrel, B. F., Decher, R., Eby, P. B., Baugher, C. R., Watts, J. W., Teuber, D. L., and Willis, F. D., 1980, Phys. Rev. Lett., 45, 2081.
125. Demidov, N. A., et al., 1992, Proceedings of the 6th Frequency Time Forum, European Space Agency, Nordwijk, p. 409.
126. Udem, T., Reichert, J., Holzwarth, R., Hänsch, T., Krämer, R., Hahn, J., and Hammesfahr, J., http://www.mpq.mpg.de/ haensch/ eclipse/full.html.
127. Godun, R. M., D'Arcy, M. B., Summy, G. S., and Burnett, K., 2001, Contemp. Phys., 42, 77.