Interference and interaction in multi-wall carbon nanotubes

Applied Physics A: Materials Science and Processing

Volumn 69, Issue 3, 1999, Pages 283-295

  Schonenberger C ^a   Bachtold, A ^a   Strunk, C ^a   Salvetat, J P ^b   Forro L ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BASEL   (Switzerland)

^b EPFL   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CARBON; ELECTRIC POTENTIAL; ELECTRIC RESISTANCE; ELECTRON TUNNELING; ELECTRONIC DENSITY OF STATES; GOLD; MAGNETORESISTANCE; QUANTUM THEORY; THERMAL EFFECTS;

MULTIWALLED CARBON NANOTUBES (MWCN); QUANTUM INTERFERENCE;

NANOTUBES;

EID: 0038090591     PISSN: 09478396     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s003390051003     Document Type: Article

References (110)

1. See for example: M.S. Dresselhaus, G. Dresselhaus, P.C. Eklund: Science of Fullerenes and Carbon Nanotubes (Academic Press, New York 1996); J.-C. Charlier, J.-P. Issi: Appl. Phys. A 67, 79 (1998)
2. See for example: M.S. Dresselhaus, G. Dresselhaus, P.C. Eklund: Science of Fullerenes and Carbon Nanotubes (Academic Press, New York 1996); J.-C. Charlier, J.-P. Issi: Appl. Phys. A 67, 79 (1998)
3. S.J. Tans, A.R.M. Verschueren, C. Dekker: Nature 393, 49 (1998); see also: P.L. McEuen: ibid., 15; R. Martel, T. Schmidt, H.R. Shea, T. Hertel, P. Avouris: Appl. Phys. Lett. 73, 2447 (1998)
4. S.J. Tans, A.R.M. Verschueren, C. Dekker: Nature 393, 49 (1998); see also: P.L. McEuen: ibid., 15; R. Martel, T. Schmidt, H.R. Shea, T. Hertel, P. Avouris: Appl. Phys. Lett. 73, 2447 (1998)
5. S.J. Tans, A.R.M. Verschueren, C. Dekker: Nature 393, 49 (1998); see also: P.L. McEuen: ibid., 15; R. Martel, T. Schmidt, H.R. Shea, T. Hertel, P. Avouris: Appl. Phys. Lett. 73, 2447 (1998)
6. R. Saito, M. Fujita, G. Dresselhaus, M.S. Dresselhaus: Appl. Phys. Lett. 60, 2204 (1992); J.W. Mintmire, B.I. Dunlap, C.T. White: Phys. Rev. Lett. 68, 631 (1992); N. Hamada, S. Sawada, A. Oshiyama: Phys. Rev. Lett. 68, 1579 (1992)
7. R. Saito, M. Fujita, G. Dresselhaus, M.S. Dresselhaus: Appl. Phys. Lett. 60, 2204 (1992); J.W. Mintmire, B.I. Dunlap, C.T. White: Phys. Rev. Lett. 68, 631 (1992); N. Hamada, S. Sawada, A. Oshiyama: Phys. Rev. Lett. 68, 1579 (1992)
8. R. Saito, M. Fujita, G. Dresselhaus, M.S. Dresselhaus: Appl. Phys. Lett. 60, 2204 (1992); J.W. Mintmire, B.I. Dunlap, C.T. White: Phys. Rev. Lett. 68, 631 (1992); N. Hamada, S. Sawada, A. Oshiyama: Phys. Rev. Lett. 68, 1579 (1992)
9. L. Balents M.P.A. Fisher: Phys. Rev. B 55, R11973 (1997);Yu.A. Krotov, D.-H. Lee, S.G. Louie: Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 4245 (1997)
10. L. Balents M.P.A. Fisher: Phys. Rev. B 55, R11973 (1997); Yu.A. Krotov, D.-H. Lee, S.G. Louie: Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 4245 (1997)
11. R. Egger A.O. Gogolin: Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 5082 (1997); C. Kane, L. Balents, M.P.A. Fisher: Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 5086 (1997)
12. R. Egger A.O. Gogolin: Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 5082 (1997); C. Kane, L. Balents, M.P.A. Fisher: Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 5086 (1997)
13. S.N. Song, X.K. Wang, R.P.H. Chang, J.B. Ketterson: Phys. Rev. Lett. 72, 697 (1994)
14. L. Langer et al.: Phys. Rev. Lett. 76, 479 (1996)
15. S.J. Tans et al.: Nature 386, 474 (1997)
16. M. Bockrath et al.: Science 275, 1922 (1997)
17. A. Bachtold et al.: Nature 397, 673 (1999)
18. A. Bachtold, C. Strunk, C. Schönenberger, J.P. Salvetat, L. Forró: Proceedings of the XIIth International Winter School on Electronic Properties of Novel Materials, ed. by H. Kuzmany, J. Fink, M. Mehring, S. Roth (AIP, New York 1998) p. 65
19. A.Yu. Kasumov et al.: Science 248, 1508 (1999)
20. H. Dai, E.W. Wong, C.M. Lieber: Science 272, 523 (1996); A. Thess et al.: Science 273, 483 (1996)
21. H. Dai, E.W. Wong, C.M. Lieber: Science 272, 523 (1996); A. Thess et al.: Science 273, 483 (1996)
22. A.Y. Kasumov et al.: Europhys. Lett. 43, 89 (1998)
23. P.J. Pablo et al.: Appl. Phys. Lett. 74, 323 (1999); H.R. Shea, R. Martel, T. Hertel, T. Schmidt, Ph. Avouris: Microelectron. Eng. 46, 101 (1999)
24. P.J. Pablo et al.: Appl. Phys. Lett. 74, 323 (1999); H.R. Shea, R. Martel, T. Hertel, T. Schmidt, Ph. Avouris: Microelectron. Eng. 46, 101 (1999)
25. J. Kong, H.T. Soh, A.M. Cassell, C.F. Quate, H. Dai: Nature 395, 878 (1998)
26. S. Frank, P. Poncharal, Z.L. Wang, W.A. de Heer: Science 280, 1744 (1998)
27. A. Bachtold et al.: Appl. Phys. Lett. 73, 274 (1998)
28. T.W. Ebbessen et al.: Nature 382, 54 (1996)
29. J. Muster et al.: J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 16, 2796 (1998)
30. Y. Imry: In Directions in Condensed Matter Physics, ed. by G. Grinstein, G. Mazenko (World Scientific Press, Singapore 1986)
31. R. Landauer: IBM J. Res. Dev. 1, 223 (1957); ibid. 32, 306 (1988)
32. R. Landauer: IBM J. Res. Dev. 1, 223 (1957); ibid. 32, 306 (1988)
33. M. Büttiker: IBM J. Res. Dev. 32, 317 (1988)
34. H. van Houten, C.W.J. Beenakker, B.J. van Wees: In Semiconductors and Semimetals, Vol. 35, ed. by M.A. Reed (Academic Press, New York 1992)
35. H. Aijki, T. Ando: J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 62, 1255 (1993)
36. J.W. G Wildöer, L.C. Venema, A.G. Rinzler, R.E. Smalley, C. Dekker: Nature 391, 59 (1998);
37. T.W. Odom, J.-L. Huang, P. Kim, C. Lieber: Nature 391, 62 (1998)
38. A. Bezryadin, A.R.M. Verschuren, S.J. Tans, C. Dekker: Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 4036 (1998)
39. T. Hertel, R.E. Walkup, Ph. Avouris: Phys. Rev. B 58, 13870 (1998)
40. A. Rochefort, F. Lesage, D.R. Salahub, Ph. Avouris: Cond. Mat/ 9904083
41. C.T. White T.N. Todorov: Nature 393, 240 (1998); M.P. Anantram T.R. Govindam: Phys. Rev. B 58, 4882 (1998)
42. C.T. White T.N. Todorov: Nature 393, 240 (1998); M.P. Anantram T.R. Govindam: Phys. Rev. B 58, 4882 (1998)
43. D.H. Cobden et al.: Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 681 (1998)
44. T. Hertel, R. Martel, P. Avouris: J. Phys. Chem. B 102, 910 (1998)
45. P.R. Wallace: Phys. Rev. 71, 622 (1947); G.S. Painter, D.E. Ellis: Phys. Rev. B 1, 4747 (1970); D.P. DiVincenzo, E.J. Mele: Phys. Rev. 29, 1685 (1984); J.W. Mintmire, D.H. Robertson, C.T. White: J. Phys. Chem. Solids 54, 1835 (1993)
46. P.R. Wallace: Phys. Rev. 71, 622 (1947); G.S. Painter, D.E. Ellis: Phys. Rev. B 1, 4747 (1970); D.P. DiVincenzo, E.J. Mele: Phys. Rev. 29, 1685 (1984); J.W. Mintmire, D.H. Robertson, C.T. White: J. Phys. Chem. Solids 54, 1835 (1993)
47. P.R. Wallace: Phys. Rev. 71, 622 (1947); G.S. Painter, D.E. Ellis: Phys. Rev. B 1, 4747 (1970); D.P. DiVincenzo, E.J. Mele: Phys. Rev. 29, 1685 (1984); J.W. Mintmire, D.H. Robertson, C.T. White: J. Phys. Chem. Solids 54, 1835 (1993)
48. P.R. Wallace: Phys. Rev. 71, 622 (1947); G.S. Painter, D.E. Ellis: Phys. Rev. B 1, 4747 (1970); D.P. DiVincenzo, E.J. Mele: Phys. Rev. 29, 1685 (1984); J.W. Mintmire, D.H. Robertson, C.T. White: J. Phys. Chem. Solids 54, 1835 (1993)
49. A. Komnik, R. Egger: Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 2881 (1998); A.A. Odintsov H. Yoshioka: Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 374 (1999)
50. A. Komnik, R. Egger: Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 2881 (1998); A.A. Odintsov H. Yoshioka: Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 374 (1999)
51. R. Egger A.O. Gogolin: Eur. Phys. J. B 3, 281 (1998)
52. M. Bockrath et al.: Nature 397, 598 (1999)
53. See for example: M.S. Dresselhaus, G. Dresselhaus, K. Sugihara, I.L. Spain, H.A. Goldberg: In Graphite Fibres and Filaments, ed. by M Cardona, Springer Series in Material Science, Vol. 5 (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg 1988)
54. H. Grabert, M.H. Devoret: Single Charge Tunneling: Coulomb Blockade Phenomena in Nanostructures (Plenum Press, New York 1992)
55. Yu.V. Nazarov: Pis'ma Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 49, 105 (1989) [JETP Lett. 49, 126 (1989)]; M.H. Devoret et al.: Phys. Rev. Lett. 64, 1824 (1990); S.M. Girvin et al.: Phys. Rev. Lett. 64, 3183 (1990); K.A. Matveev L.I. Glazman: Phys. Rev. Lett. 70, 990 (1993)
56. Yu.V. Nazarov: Pis'ma Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 49, 105 (1989) [JETP Lett. 49, 126 (1989)]; M.H. Devoret et al.: Phys. Rev. Lett. 64, 1824 (1990); S.M. Girvin et al.: Phys. Rev. Lett. 64, 3183 (1990); K.A. Matveev L.I. Glazman: Phys. Rev. Lett. 70, 990 (1993)
57. Yu.V. Nazarov: Pis'ma Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 49, 105 (1989) [JETP Lett. 49, 126 (1989)]; M.H. Devoret et al.: Phys. Rev. Lett. 64, 1824 (1990); S.M. Girvin et al.: Phys. Rev. Lett. 64, 3183 (1990); K.A. Matveev L.I. Glazman: Phys. Rev. Lett. 70, 990 (1993)
58. Yu.V. Nazarov: Pis'ma Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 49, 105 (1989) [JETP Lett. 49, 126 (1989)]; M.H. Devoret et al.: Phys. Rev. Lett. 64, 1824 (1990); S.M. Girvin et al.: Phys. Rev. Lett. 64, 3183 (1990); K.A. Matveev L.I. Glazman: Phys. Rev. Lett. 70, 990 (1993)
59. Yu.V. Nazarov: Pis'ma Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 49, 105 (1989) [JETP Lett. 49, 126 (1989)]; M.H. Devoret et al.: Phys. Rev. Lett. 64, 1824 (1990); S.M. Girvin et al.: Phys. Rev. Lett. 64, 3183 (1990); K.A. Matveev L.I. Glazman: Phys. Rev. Lett. 70, 990 (1993)
60. See for example: G. Bergmann: Phys. Rep. 107, 1 (1984); B.L. Altshuler, A.G. Aronov, M.E. Gershenson, Y.V. Sharvin: In Soviet Scientific Reviews, Section A: Physics Reviews, ed. by I.M. Khalatnikov (Harwood Academic, New York 1987); B.L. Altshuler P.A. Lee: Physics Today, Dec. issue. p. 36 (1988); A. Aronov: Physica Scripta T 49, 28 (1993)
61. See for example: G. Bergmann: Phys. Rep. 107, 1 (1984); B.L. Altshuler, A.G. Aronov, M.E. Gershenson, Y.V. Sharvin: In Soviet Scientific Reviews, Section A: Physics Reviews, ed. by I.M. Khalatnikov (Harwood Academic, New York 1987); B.L. Altshuler P.A. Lee: Physics Today, Dec. issue. p. 36 (1988); A. Aronov: Physica Scripta T 49, 28 (1993)
62. See for example: G. Bergmann: Phys. Rep. 107, 1 (1984); B.L. Altshuler, A.G. Aronov, M.E. Gershenson, Y.V. Sharvin: In Soviet Scientific Reviews, Section A: Physics Reviews, ed. by I.M. Khalatnikov (Harwood Academic, New York 1987); B.L. Altshuler P.A. Lee: Physics Today, Dec. issue. p. 36 (1988); A. Aronov: Physica Scripta T 49, 28 (1993)
63. See for example: G. Bergmann: Phys. Rep. 107, 1 (1984); B.L. Altshuler, A.G. Aronov, M.E. Gershenson, Y.V. Sharvin: In Soviet Scientific Reviews, Section A: Physics Reviews, ed. by I.M. Khalatnikov (Harwood Academic, New York 1987); B.L. Altshuler P.A. Lee: Physics Today, Dec. issue. p. 36 (1988); A. Aronov: Physica Scripta T 49, 28 (1993)
64. For a review, see: A.G. Aronov, Yu.V. Sharvin: Rev. Mod. Phys. 59, 755 (1987)
65. B.L. Altshuler, A.G. Aronov, B.Z. Spivak: Pis'ma Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 33, 101 (1981) [JETP Lett. 33, 94 (1981)]
66. B.L. Altshuler, A.G. Aronov, B.Z. Spivak: Pis'ma Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 33, 101 (1981) [JETP Lett. 33, 94 (1981)]
67. B.L. Altshuler: Pis'ma Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 41, 530 (1985) [JETP Lett. 41, 648 (1985)]; P.A. Lee, A.D. Stone: Phys. Rev. Lett. 55, 1622 (1985); P.A. Lee, A.D. Stone, H. Fukuyama: Phys. Rev. B 35, 1039 (1987)
68. B.L. Altshuler: Pis'ma Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 41, 530 (1985) [JETP Lett. 41, 648 (1985)]; P.A. Lee, A.D. Stone: Phys. Rev. Lett. 55, 1622 (1985); P.A. Lee, A.D. Stone, H. Fukuyama: Phys. Rev. B 35, 1039 (1987)
69. B.L. Altshuler: Pis'ma Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 41, 530 (1985) [JETP Lett. 41, 648 (1985)]; P.A. Lee, A.D. Stone: Phys. Rev. Lett. 55, 1622 (1985); P.A. Lee, A.D. Stone, H. Fukuyama: Phys. Rev. B 35, 1039 (1987)
70. B.L. Altshuler: Pis'ma Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 41, 530 (1985) [JETP Lett. 41, 648 (1985)]; P.A. Lee, A.D. Stone: Phys. Rev. Lett. 55, 1622 (1985); P.A. Lee, A.D. Stone, H. Fukuyama: Phys. Rev. B 35, 1039 (1987)
71. For a review, see: R.A. Webb S. Washburn: Physics Today, Dec. issue. p. 46 (1988): C.P. Umbach, P. Santhanam, C. van Haesendonck, R.A. Webb: Appl. Phys. Lett. 50, 1289 (1987)
72. For a review, see: R.A. Webb S. Washburn: Physics Today, Dec. issue. p. 46 (1988): C.P. Umbach, P. Santhanam, C. van Haesendonck, R.A. Webb: Appl. Phys. Lett. 50, 1289 (1987)
73. A. Bachtold et al.: unpublished
74. M. Baxendale, V.Z. Mordkovich, S. Yoshimura, R.P.H. Chang: Phys. Rev. B 56, 2161 (1997); A. Fujiwara et al.: Proceedings of the International Winter School on Electronic Properties of Novel Materials 1997, ed. by H. Kuzmany, J. Fink, M. Mehring, S. Roth, 65 (AIP, New York 1997)
75. M. Baxendale, V.Z. Mordkovich, S. Yoshimura, R.P.H. Chang: Phys. Rev. B 56, 2161 (1997); A. Fujiwara et al.: Proceedings of the International Winter School on Electronic Properties of Novel Materials 1997, ed. by H. Kuzmany, J. Fink, M. Mehring, S. Roth, 65 (AIP, New York 1997)
76. G.T. Kim et al.: Phys. Rev. B 58, 16064 (1998)
77. B.L. Altshuler, A.G. Aronov, D.E. Khmelnitsky: J. Phys. C 15, 7367 (1982)
78. P.M. Echternach, M.E. Gershenson, H.M. Bozler, A.L. Bogdanov, B. Nilsson: Phys. Rev. B 48, R11516 (1993); Y.B. Khavin, M.E. Gershenson, A.L. Bogdanov: Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 1066 (1998)
79. P.M. Echternach, M.E. Gershenson, H.M. Bozler, A.L. Bogdanov, B. Nilsson: Phys. Rev. B 48, R11516 (1993); Y.B. Khavin, M.E. Gershenson, A.L. Bogdanov: Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 1066 (1998)
80. C.W.J. Beenakker, H. van Houten: Phys. Rev. B 38, 3232 (1988)
81. U. Sivan, Y. Imry, A.G. Aronov: Europhys. Lett. 28, 115 (1994); R.M. Clarke et al.: Phys. Rev. B 52, 2656 (1995); B.L. Altshuler, Y. Gefen, A. Kamenev, L.S. Levitov: Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 2803 (1997); A.G. Huibers, M. Switkes, C.M. Marcus, K. Campman, A.C. Gossard: Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 200 (1998)
82. U. Sivan, Y. Imry, A.G. Aronov: Europhys. Lett. 28, 115 (1994); R.M. Clarke et al.: Phys. Rev. B 52, 2656 (1995); B.L. Altshuler, Y. Gefen, A. Kamenev, L.S. Levitov: Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 2803 (1997); A.G. Huibers, M. Switkes, C.M. Marcus, K. Campman, A.C. Gossard: Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 200 (1998)
83. U. Sivan, Y. Imry, A.G. Aronov: Europhys. Lett. 28, 115 (1994); R.M. Clarke et al.: Phys. Rev. B 52, 2656 (1995); B.L. Altshuler, Y. Gefen, A. Kamenev, L.S. Levitov: Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 2803 (1997); A.G. Huibers, M. Switkes, C.M. Marcus, K. Campman, A.C. Gossard: Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 200 (1998)
84. U. Sivan, Y. Imry, A.G. Aronov: Europhys. Lett. 28, 115 (1994); R.M. Clarke et al.: Phys. Rev. B 52, 2656 (1995); B.L. Altshuler, Y. Gefen, A. Kamenev, L.S. Levitov: Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 2803 (1997); A.G. Huibers, M. Switkes, C.M. Marcus, K. Campman, A.C. Gossard: Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 200 (1998)
85. B.L. Altshuler, A.G. Aronov, A.Y. Zyuzin: Pis'ma Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 86, 709 (1984) [JETP Lett. 59, 415 (1984)]; K.K. Choi, D.C. Tsui, K. Alavi: Phys. Rev. B 36, 7751 (1987)
86. B.L. Altshuler, A.G. Aronov, A.Y. Zyuzin: Pis'ma Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 86, 709 (1984) [JETP Lett. 59, 415 (1984)]; K.K. Choi, D.C. Tsui, K. Alavi: Phys. Rev. B 36, 7751 (1987)
87. B.L. Altshuler, A.G. Aronov, A.Y. Zyuzin: Pis'ma Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 86, 709 (1984) [JETP Lett. 59, 415 (1984)]; K.K. Choi, D.C. Tsui, K. Alavi: Phys. Rev. B 36, 7751 (1987)
88. B.L. Altshuler, A.G. Aronov, D.E. Khmelnitsky: Solid State Commun. 39, 619 (1981)
89. H. van Houten et al.: Acta Electronica 28, 27 (1988)
90. P.A. Lee, T.V. Ramakrishnan: Rev. Mod. Phys. 57, 287 (1985); B.L. Altshuler, A.G. Aronov: In Electron-Electron Interactions in Disordered Systems, ed. by M. Pollak A.L. Efros (North-Holland, Amsterdam 1984) pp. 1-153; H. Fukuyama: ibid, pp. 155-230
91. P.A. Lee, T.V. Ramakrishnan: Rev. Mod. Phys. 57, 287 (1985); B.L. Altshuler, A.G. Aronov: In Electron-Electron Interactions in Disordered Systems, ed. by M. Pollak A.L. Efros (North-Holland, Amsterdam 1984) pp. 1-153; H. Fukuyama: ibid, pp. 155-230
92. P.A. Lee, T.V. Ramakrishnan: Rev. Mod. Phys. 57, 287 (1985); B.L. Altshuler, A.G. Aronov: In Electron-Electron Interactions in Disordered Systems, ed. by M. Pollak A.L. Efros (North-Holland, Amsterdam 1984) pp. 1-153; H. Fukuyama: ibid, pp. 155-230
93. R. Egger, H. Grabert: Phys. Rev. B 58, 10761 (1998)
94. W. Tian, S. Datta: Phys. Rev. B 49, 5097 (1994)
95. C.T. White, J.W. Mintmire: Nature 394, 29 (1998); J.W. Mintmire, C.T. White: Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 2506 (1998).
96. C.T. White, J.W. Mintmire: Nature 394, 29 (1998); J.W. Mintmire, C.T. White: Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 2506 (1998).
97. For a review see: M.P.A. Fisher, L. Glazman: In Mesoscopic Electron Transport, ed. by L.L. Sohn, L.P. Kouwenhoven, G. Schön. NATO ASI Series E: Appl. Sci. 345 (Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht 1997)
98. G. Baumgartner et al.: Phys. Rev. B 55, 6704 (1997); J.E. Fischer et al.: Phys. Rev. B 55, R4921 (1997)
99. G. Baumgartner et al.: Phys. Rev. B 55, 6704 (1997); J.E. Fischer et al.: Phys. Rev. B 55, R4921 (1997)
100. G. Timp et al.: Phys. Rev. Lett. 59, 732 (1987); A. Szater, A.D. Stone: Phys. Rev. Lett. 62, 300 (1989)
101. G. Timp et al.: Phys. Rev. Lett. 59, 732 (1987); A. Szater, A.D. Stone: Phys. Rev. Lett. 62, 300 (1989)
102. L.I. Glazman, G.B. Lesovik, D.E. Khmelnitsky, R.I. Shekhter: Pis'ma Zh. Teor. Fiz. 48, 218 (1988) [JETP Lett. 48, 238 (1988)]; A. Yacoby, Y. Imry: Phys. Rev. B 41, 5341 (1990)
103. L.I. Glazman, G.B. Lesovik, D.E. Khmelnitsky, R.I. Shekhter: Pis'ma Zh. Teor. Fiz. 48, 218 (1988) [JETP Lett. 48, 238 (1988)]; A. Yacoby, Y. Imry: Phys. Rev. B 41, 5341 (1990)
104. L.I. Glazman, G.B. Lesovik, D.E. Khmelnitsky, R.I. Shekhter: Pis'ma Zh. Teor. Fiz. 48, 218 (1988) [JETP Lett. 48, 238 (1988)]; A. Yacoby, Y. Imry: Phys. Rev. B 41, 5341 (1990)
105. H. Aijki, T. Ando: Physics B 201, 349 (1994)
106. B.I. Halperin: Phys. Rev. B 25, 2185 (1982); A.H. MacDonald, P. Streda: Phys. Rev. B 29, 1616 (1984); for a review, see: M. Büttiker: In Semiconductors and Semimetals, Vol. 35, ed. by M.A. Reed (Academic Press, New York, 1992)
107. B.I. Halperin: Phys. Rev. B 25, 2185 (1982); A.H. MacDonald, P. Streda: Phys. Rev. B 29, 1616 (1984); for a review, see: M. Büttiker: In Semiconductors and Semimetals, Vol. 35, ed. by M.A. Reed (Academic Press, New York, 1992)
108. B.I. Halperin: Phys. Rev. B 25, 2185 (1982); A.H. MacDonald, P. Streda: Phys. Rev. B 29, 1616 (1984); for a review, see: M. Büttiker: In Semiconductors and Semimetals, Vol. 35, ed. by M.A. Reed (Academic Press, New York, 1992)
109. T. Ando, T. Nakanishi: J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 67, 1704 (1998)
110. D.L. Maslov, M. Stone: Phys. Rev. B 52, R5539 (1995)