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St Geme JW. Molecular and cellular determinants of non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae adherence and invasion. Cell Microbiol 2002; 4:191-200. This is an excellent review of mechanisms of adherence and invasion of the respiratory tract by non-typeable H. influenzae.
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Fink DL, Green BA, St Geme JW 3rd. The Haemophilus influenzae Hap autotransporter binds to fibronectin, laminin, and collagen IV. infect Immun 2002; 70:4902-4907. This paper suggests that interactions between an adhesin of H. influenzae and host extracellular matrix proteins play a role in colonization of the respiratory tract.
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Eberhard T, Ullberg M. Interaction of vitronectin with Haemophilus influenzae. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 2002; 34:215-219. This study demonstrates a highly specific interaction between vitronectin and H. influenzae.
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van Ulsen P, van Schilfgaarde M, Dankert J, et al. Genes of non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae expressed during interaction with human epithelial cell lines. Mol Microbiol 2002; 45:485-500. The identification of six different functional classes of genes expressed by H. influenzae during interaction with human respiratory cell lines will be important in elucidating adaptation of the bacterium to the epithelial cell environment.
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Jono H, Shuto T, Xu H, et al. Transforming growth factor-beta-Smad signaling pathway cooperates with NF-kappa B to mediate nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae-induced MUC2 mucin transcription. J Biol Chem 2002; 277:45547-45557. This study was the first to demonstrate the involvement of TGF-beta receptor-mediated signaling in bacteria-induced upregulation of mucin transcription and may lead to novel methods to interrupt colonization or infection by H. influenzae.
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Shuto T, Xu H, Wang B, et al. Activation of NF-kappa B by nontypeable Hemophilus influenzae is mediated by toll-like receptor 2-TAK1-dependent NIK-IKK alpha/beta-I kappa B alpha and MKK3/6-p38 MAP kinase signaling pathways in epithelial cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2001; 98:8774-8779. This work shows that the P6 protein of H. influenzae activates NF kappa B, a transcriptional activator of multiple host defense genes involved in immune and inflammatory responses.
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Novel cytoplasmic proteins of nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae up-regulate human MUC5AC mucin transcription via a positive p38 mitogen- activated protein kinase pathway and a negative phosphoinositide 3-kinase-Akt pathway
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Wang B, Lim DJ, Hart J, et al. Novel cytoplasmic proteins of nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae up-regulate human MUC5AC mucin transcription via a positive p38 mitogen- activated protein kinase pathway and a negative phosphoinositide 3-kinase-Akt pathway. J Biol Chem 2002; 277:949-957. These results demonstrate a role for cytoplasmic molecules from lysed H. influenzae in the upregulation of mucin production, a potentially important mechanism of pathogenesis in otitis media and COPD.
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Jones PA, Samuels NM, Phillips NJ, et al. Haemophilus influenzae type b strain A2 has multiple sialyltransferases involved in lipooligosaccharide sialylation. J Biol Chem 2002; 277:14598-14611. This paper shows that sialylation of the lipooligosaccharide of H. influenzae involves multiple sialyltransferases, an important observation to elucidate the role of sialylation in host pathogen interactions.
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A rapid and sensitive procedure for determination of 5-N-acetyl neuraminic acid in lipopolysaccharides of Haemophilus influenzae: A survey of 24 non-typeable H. influenzae strains
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Bauer SH, Mansson M, Hood DW, et al. A rapid and sensitive procedure for determination of 5-N-acetyl neuraminic acid in lipopolysaccharides of Haemophilus influenzae: a survey of 24 non-typeable H. influenzae strains. Carbohydr Res 2001; 335:251-260.
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Fan X, Goldfine H, Lysenko E, et al. The transfer of choline from the host to the bacterial cell surface requires glpQ in Haemophilus influenzae. Mol Microbiol 2001; 41:1029-1036. This study identified an enzyme that allows adherent H. influenzae to obtain choline to be transferred from the host to the bacterial cell surface.
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Structural analysis of the lipopolysaccharide from nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae strain 1003
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Structural analysis of lipopolysaccharide oligosaccharide epitopes expressed by non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae strain 176
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Schweda EK, Li J, Moxon ER, et al. Structural analysis of lipopolysaccharide oligosaccharide epitopes expressed by non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae strain 176. Carbohydr Res 2002; 337:409-420.
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Swords WE, Chance DL, Cohn LA, et al. Acylation of the lipooligosaccharide of Haemophilus influenzae and colonization: an htrB mutation diminishes the colonization of human airway epithelial cells. Infect Immun 2002; 70:4661-4668. These results implicate acylation of H. influenzae lipid A as playing a key role in colonization of the human respiratory tract.
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Swords, W.E.1
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Cutter D, Mason KW, Howell AP, et al. Immunization with Haemophilus influenzae Hap adhesin protects against nasopharyngeal colonization in experimental mice. J Infect Dis 2002; 186:1115-1121. This study shows that intranasal immunization with Hap adhesin reduced the density of nasopharyngeal colonization following challenge with H. influenzae, suggesting Hap may represent an effective mucosal vaccine antigen.
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Bakaletz LO. Peptide and recombinant antigens for protection against bacterial middle ear infection. Vaccine 2001; 19:2323-2328. This paper shows protective responses in the chinchilla model, providing further evidence that peptides corresponding to sequences in the P5-fimbrin may be effective vaccine antigens.
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Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol
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