Post-acute alterations in the axonal cytoskeleton after traumatic axonal injury

Journal of Neurotrauma

Volumn 20, Issue 2, 2003, Pages 151-168

  Maxwell, William L ^a,b,c   Domleo, Aisha ^a,b,c   McColl, Gillian ^a,b,c   Jafari, Saeed S ^a,b,c   Graham, David I ^a,b,c  

^a University of Glasgow ^*

^b UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW   (United Kingdom)

^c SOUTHERN GENERAL HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Axon; Cytoskeleton; Microtubule; Neurofilament; Post acute response

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL MODEL; ANIMAL TISSUE; ARTICLE; AXONAL INJURY; CONTROLLED STUDY; CYTOSKELETON; HEAD INJURY; MALE; MICROTUBULE; NERVE FIBER TRANSPORT; NEUROFILAMENT; NEUROPATHOLOGY; NONHUMAN;

EID: 0037293699     PISSN: 08977151     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1089/08977150360547071     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. BAUR, P.S., and STACEY, T.R. (1997). The use of PIPES buffer in the fixation of mammalian and marine tissues for electron microscopy. J. Microsc. 100, 315-327.
2. BLUMBERGS, P.C., SCOTT, G., MANAVIS, J., et al. (1994). Staining of amyloid precursor protein to study axonal damage in mild head injury. Lancet 344, 1055-1056.
3. CHRISTMAN, C.W., GRADY, M.S., WALKER, S.A., et al. (1994). Ultrastructural studies of diffuse axonal injury in humans. J. Neurotrauma 11, 173-186.
4. COOK, R.D., and WISNIEWSKI, H.M. (1973). The role of oligodendroglia and astroglia in Wallerian degeneration of the optic nerve. Brain Res. 61, 191-206.
5. CREVEL, H. VAN, and VERHAART, W.J.C. (1963). The rate of secondary degeneration in the central nervous system. II. The optic nerve of the cat. J. Anat. 97, 451-464.
6. DONAGHY, M., KING, R.H.M., THOMAS, P.K., et al. (1988). Abnormalities of axonal cytoskeleton in giant axonal neuropathy. J. Neurocytol. 17, 197-208.
7. DONAT, J.R., and WISNIEWSKI, H.M. (1973). The spatiotemporal pattern of Wallerian degeneration in mammalian peripheral nerves. Brain Res. 53, 41-53.
8. GENNARELLI, T.A., THIBAULT, L.E., TIPPERMAN, R., et al. (1989). Axonal injury in the optic nerve: a model simulating diffuse axonal injury in the brain. J. Neurosurg. 71, 315-325.
9. GEORGE, R., and GRIFFIN, J.W. (1994). The proximo-distal spread of axonal degeneration in the dorsal columns of the rat. J. Neurocytol. 23, 657-667.
10. GRIFFIN, J.W., GEORGE, E.B., HSIEH, S.-T., et al. (1995) Axonal degeneration and disorders of the axonal cytoskeleton, in: The Axon. S.G. Waxman, J.D. Kocsis, and P.K. Stys (eds), Oxford University Press: New York, pps. 375-390.
11. GUY, J., ELLIS, E.A., KELLEY, K., et al. (1989). Spectra of g-ratio, myelin sheath thickness, and axonal fibre diameter in the guinea pig optic nerve. J. Comp. Neurol. 287, 446-454.
12. HILDEBRAND, C., and HAHN, R. (1978). Relation between myelin sheath thickness and axon size in spinal cord white matter of some vertebrate species. J. Neurol. Sci. 38, 421-434.
13. HOFFMAN, P.N., GRIFFIN, J.W., and PRICE, D.L. (1984). Control of caliber by neurofilament transport. J. Cell Biol. 99, 705-714.
14. HOFFMAN, P.N., GRIFFIN, J.W., GOLD, B.G., et al. (1985). Slowing of neurofilament transport and the radial growth of developing nerve fibers. J. Neurosci. 5, 2920-2929.
15. HYMAN, B.T., GOMEX-ISLA, T., and IRIZARRY, M.C. (1998). Stereology: a practical primer for neuropathology. J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. 57, 305-310.
16. JAFARI, S.S. (1998). Responses in the guinea pig optic nerve four hours after stretch-injury. Ph.D. dissertation University of Glasgow: Glasgow, Scotland.
17. JAFARI, S.S., MAXWELL, W.L., NEILSON, M., et al. (1997). Axonal cytoskeletal changes after non-disruptive axonal injury. J. Neurocytol. 26, 207-221.
18. JAFARI, S.S., NEILSON, M., GRAHAM. D.I., et al. (1998). Axonal cytoskeletal changes after nondisruptive axonal injury. II. Intermediate sized axons. J. Neurotrauma 15, 955-966.
19. KREUTZBERG, G.W. (1995). Reaction of the neuronal cell body to axonal damage, in: The Axon. S.G. Waxman, J.D. Kocsis, and P.K. Stys, (eds), Oxford University Press: New York, pps. 335-374.
20. McHALE, M.K., HALL, G.F., and COHEN, M.J. (1995). Early cytoskeletal change following injury of giant spinal axons in the lamprey. J. Comp. Neurol. 353, 25-37.
21. MAXWELL, W.L. (1996). Histopathological changes at central nodes of Ranvier after stretch injury. Microsc. Res. Tech. 34, 522-535.
22. MAXWELL, W.L., and GRAHAM, D.I. (1997). Loss of axonal microtubules and neurofilaments after stretch-injury to the guinea-pig optic nerve. J. Neurotrauma 14, 603-614.
23. MAXWELL, W.L., KANSAGRA, A.M., GRAHAM, D.I., et al. (1988). Freeze-fracture studies of reactive myelinated nerve fibres after diffuse axonal injury. Acta Neuropathol. 76, 395-406.
24. MAXWELL, W.L., McCREATH, B. J., GRAHAM, D.I., et al. (1995). Cytochemical evidence for redistribution of membrane pump calcium-ATPase and ecto-Ca-ATPase activity, and calcium influx in myelinated nerve fibres of the optic nerve after stretch injury. J. Neurocytol. 24, 925-942.
25. MAXWELL, W.L., KOSANLAVIT, R., McCREATH, B.J., et al. (1999a). Freeze-fracture and cytochemical evidence for structural and functional alteration in the axolemma and myelin sheath of adult guinea pig optic nerve fibers after stretch injury. J. Neurotrauma 16, 273-284.
26. MAXWELL, W.L., DONNELLY, S., SUN, X., et al. (1999b). Axonal cytoskeletal responses to nondisruptive axonal injury and the short-term effects of posttraumatic hypothermia. J. Neurotrauma 16, 1225-1234.
27. MINWEGEN, P., and FRIEDE, R.L. (1984). Conduction velocity varies with osmotically induced changes in the area of the axon's profile. Brain Res. 297, 105-113.
28. McKENZIE, K.J., McLELLAN, D.R., GENTLEMAN, S.M., et al. (1996). Is β-APP a marker of axonal damage in short-surviving head injury? Acta Neuropathol. 92, 608-613.
29. NIXON, R.A., and,SIHAG, R.K. (1991). Neurofilament phosphorylation: a new look at regulation and function. Trends Neurosci. 14, 501-506.
30. OKONKWO, D.O., PETTUS, E.H., MOROI, J., et al. (1988). Alteration of the neurofilament sidearm and its relation to neurofilament compaction occurring with traumatic axonal injury. Brain Res. 784, 1-6.
31. PETTUS, E.H., and POVLISHOCK, J.T. (1996). Characterisation of a distinct set of intra-axonal ultrastructural changes associated with traumatically induced alteration in axolemma permeability. Brain Res, 772, 1-11.
32. POVLISHOCK, J.T., MARMAROU, A., McINTOSH, T., et al. (1997). Impact acceleration injury in the rat: evidence for focal axolemma change and related neurofilament sidearm alteration. J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. 56, 347-359.
33. RELES, A., and FRIEDE, R.L. (1991). Axonal cytoskeleton at the node of Ranvier. J. Neurocytol. 20, 450-458.
34. SCHLAEPFER, W.W., and MICKO, S. (1978). Chemical and structural changes of neurofilaments in transected rat sciatic nerve. J. Cell Biol. 78, 369-378.
35. STONE, J.R., WALKER, S.A., and POVLISHOCK, J.T. (1999). The visualization of a new class of traumatically injured axons through the use of a modified method of microwave antigen retrieval. Acta Neuropathol. 97, 335-345.
36. STONE, J.R., SINGLETON, R.H., and POVLISHOCK, J.T. (2001). Intra-axonal neurofilament compaction does not evoke local axonal swelling in all traumatically injured axons. Exp. Neurol. 172, 320-331.
37. WRIGLEY, N.G. (1968). The lattice spacing of crystalline catalase as an internal standard of length in electron microscopy. J. Ultrastruct. Res. 24, 454-464.
38. YAGHMAI, M.S., and POVLISHOCK, J.T. (1992). Traumatically induced reactive change as visualized through the use of monoclonal antibodies targeted to neurofilament subunits. J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. 51, 158-176.