메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 36, Issue 6, 2002, Pages 1283-1291

Pharmacologic therapy for peripheral arterial disease and claudication

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; ANTICOAGULANT AGENT; ANTITHROMBOCYTIC AGENT; BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; CILOSTAZOL; CLOPIDOGREL; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE INHIBITOR; STATIN;

EID: 0037003504     PISSN: 07415214     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1067/mva.2002.129654     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (58)

References (103)
  • 1
    • 0021962018 scopus 로고
    • The prevalence of peripheral arterial disease in a defined population
    • Criqui MH, Fronek A, Barrett-Connor E, et al. The prevalence of peripheral arterial disease in a defined population. Circulation 1985; 71:510-5.
    • (1985) Circulation , vol.71 , pp. 510-515
    • Criqui, M.H.1    Fronek, A.2    Barrett-Connor, E.3
  • 2
    • 0028966658 scopus 로고
    • Effect of diagnostic criteria on the prevalence of peripheral arterial disease. The San Luis Valley diabetes study
    • Hiatt WR, Hoag S, Hamman RF. Effect of diagnostic criteria on the prevalence of peripheral arterial disease. The San Luis Valley diabetes study. Circulation 1995;91:1472-9.
    • (1995) Circulation , vol.91 , pp. 1472-1479
    • Hiatt, W.R.1    Hoag, S.2    Hamman, R.F.3
  • 3
    • 0027199099 scopus 로고
    • Ankle-arm index as a marker of atherosclerosis in the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) Collaborative Research Group
    • Newman AB, Siscovick DS, Manolio TA, et al. Ankle-arm index as a marker of atherosclerosis in the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) Collaborative Research Group. Circulation 1993;88:837-45.
    • (1993) Circulation , vol.88 , pp. 837-845
    • Newman, A.B.1    Siscovick, D.S.2    Manolio, T.A.3
  • 4
    • 1842331509 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasma homocysteine as a risk factor for vascular disease
    • The European Concerted Action Project
    • Graham IM, Daly LE, Refsum HM, et al. Plasma homocysteine as a risk factor for vascular disease. The European Concerted Action Project. JAMA 1997;277:1775-81.
    • (1997) JAMA , vol.277 , pp. 1775-1781
    • Graham, I.M.1    Daly, L.E.2    Refsum, H.M.3
  • 5
    • 0032863154 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of coexistence of coronary artery disease, ischemic stroke, and peripheral arterial disease in older persons, mean age 80 years, in an academic hospital-based geriatrics practice
    • Ness J, Aronow WS. Prevalence of coexistence of coronary artery disease, ischemic stroke, and peripheral arterial disease in older persons, mean age 80 years, in an academic hospital-based geriatrics practice. J Am Geriatr Soc 1999;47:1255-6.
    • (1999) J Am Geriatr Soc , vol.47 , pp. 1255-1256
    • Ness, J.1    Aronow, W.S.2
  • 6
    • 0026501734 scopus 로고
    • Mortality over a period of 10 years in patients with peripheral arterial disease
    • Criqui MH, Langer RD, Fronek A, et al. Mortality over a period of 10 years in patients with peripheral arterial disease. N Engl J Med 1992;326:381-6.
    • (1992) N Engl J Med , vol.326 , pp. 381-386
    • Criqui, M.H.1    Langer, R.D.2    Fronek, A.3
  • 7
    • 0033012553 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ankle-arm index as a predictor of cardiovascular disease and mortality, in the Cardiovascular Health Study
    • The Cardiovascular Health Study Group
    • Newman AB, Shemanski L, Manolio TA, et al. Ankle-arm index as a predictor of cardiovascular disease and mortality, in the Cardiovascular Health Study. The Cardiovascular Health Study Group. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1999;19:538-45.
    • (1999) Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol , vol.19 , pp. 538-545
    • Newman, A.B.1    Shemanski, L.2    Manolio, T.A.3
  • 8
    • 0030862355 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mortality over four years in SHEP participants with a low ankle-arm index
    • Newman AB, Tyrrell KS, Kuller LH. Mortality over four years in SHEP participants with a low ankle-arm index. J Am Geriatr Soc 1997;45:1472-8.
    • (1997) J Am Geriatr Soc , vol.45 , pp. 1472-1478
    • Newman, A.B.1    Tyrrell, K.S.2    Kuller, L.H.3
  • 9
    • 0025822185 scopus 로고
    • The ratio of ankle and arm arterial pressure as an independent predictor of mortality
    • McKenna M, Wolfson S, Kuller L. The ratio of ankle and arm arterial pressure as an independent predictor of mortality. Atherosclerosis 1991;87:119-28.
    • (1991) Atherosclerosis , vol.87 , pp. 119-128
    • McKenna, M.1    Wolfson, S.2    Kuller, L.3
  • 10
    • 0027238658 scopus 로고
    • The relationship between ankle-arm index and mortality in older men and women
    • Vogt MT, McKenna M, Anderson SJ, et al. The relationship between ankle-arm index and mortality in older men and women. J Am Geriatr Soc 1993;41:523-30.
    • (1993) J Am Geriatr Soc , vol.41 , pp. 523-530
    • Vogt, M.T.1    McKenna, M.2    Anderson, S.J.3
  • 11
    • 0021267536 scopus 로고
    • Latest perspectives on cigarette smoking and cardiovascular disease: The Framingham study
    • Kannel WB, McGee DL, Castelli WP. Latest perspectives on cigarette smoking and cardiovascular disease: the Framingham study. J Cardiac Rehabil 1984;4:267-77.
    • (1984) J Cardiac Rehabil , vol.4 , pp. 267-277
    • Kannel, W.B.1    McGee, D.L.2    Castelli, W.P.3
  • 12
    • 0027466753 scopus 로고
    • Prevalence and correlates of lower extremity arterial disease in elderly women
    • Vogt MT, Cauley JA, Kuller LH, et al. Prevalence and correlates of lower extremity arterial disease in elderly women. Am J Epidemiol 1993;137:559-68.
    • (1993) Am J Epidemiol , vol.137 , pp. 559-568
    • Vogt, M.T.1    Cauley, J.A.2    Kuller, L.H.3
  • 13
    • 0023492035 scopus 로고
    • The influence of smoking on the level of lower limb amputation
    • Stewart CP. The influence of smoking on the level of lower limb amputation. Prosthet Orthot Int 1987;11:113-6.
    • (1987) Prosthet Orthot Int , vol.11 , pp. 113-116
    • Stewart, C.P.1
  • 14
    • 0024439408 scopus 로고
    • Effects of cigarette smoking on outcome of femoral popliteal bypass for limb salvage
    • Ameli FM, Stein M, Prosser RJ, et al. Effects of cigarette smoking on outcome of femoral popliteal bypass for limb salvage. J Cardiovasc Surg 1989;30:591-6.
    • (1989) J Cardiovasc Surg , vol.30 , pp. 591-596
    • Ameli, F.M.1    Stein, M.2    Prosser, R.J.3
  • 15
    • 0029832341 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of cigarette smoking on exercise capacity in patients with intermittent claudication
    • Gardner AW. The effect of cigarette smoking on exercise capacity in patients with intermittent claudication. Vasc Med 1996;1:181-6.
    • (1996) Vasc Med , vol.1 , pp. 181-186
    • Gardner, A.W.1
  • 16
    • 0032161750 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transdermal nicotine therapy and primary care. Importance of counseling, demographic, and participant selection factors on 1-year quit rates
    • The Nebraska Primary Practice Smoking Cessation Trial Group
    • Daughton D, Susman J, Sitorius M, et al. Transdermal nicotine therapy and primary care. Importance of counseling, demographic, and participant selection factors on 1-year quit rates. The Nebraska Primary Practice Smoking Cessation Trial Group. Arch Fam Med 1998;7:425-30.
    • (1998) Arch Fam Med , vol.7 , pp. 425-430
    • Daughton, D.1    Susman, J.2    Sitorius, M.3
  • 17
    • 0028233466 scopus 로고
    • The effectiveness of the nicotine patch for smoking cessation: A meta-analysis
    • Fiore MC, Smith SS, Jorenby DE, et al. The effectiveness of the nicotine patch for smoking cessation: a meta-analysis, JAMA 1994; 271:1940-7.
    • (1994) JAMA , vol.271 , pp. 1940-1947
    • Fiore, M.C.1    Smith, S.S.2    Jorenby, D.E.3
  • 18
    • 0032706049 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Over-the-counter nicotine patch therapy for smoking cessation: Results from randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, and open label trials
    • Hays JT, Croghan IT, Schroeder DR, et al. Over-the-counter nicotine patch therapy for smoking cessation: results from randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, and open label trials. Am J Public Health 1999;89:1701-7.
    • (1999) Am J Public Health , vol.89 , pp. 1701-1707
    • Hays, J.T.1    Croghan, I.T.2    Schroeder, D.R.3
  • 19
    • 0028883629 scopus 로고
    • A reversible monoamine oxidase A inhibitor (moclobemide) facilitates smoking cessation and abstinence in heavy, dependent smokers
    • Berlin I, Said S, Spreux-Varoquaux O, et al. A reversible monoamine oxidase A inhibitor (moclobemide) facilitates smoking cessation and abstinence in heavy, dependent smokers. Clin Phar Ther 1995;58:444-52.
    • (1995) Clin Phar Ther , vol.58 , pp. 444-452
    • Berlin, I.1    Said, S.2    Spreux-Varoquaux, O.3
  • 20
    • 0033522206 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A controlled trial of sustained-release bupropion, a nicotine patch, or both for smoking cessation
    • Jorenby DE, Leischow SJ, Nides MA, et al. A controlled trial of sustained-release bupropion, a nicotine patch, or both for smoking cessation. N Engl J Med 1999;340:685-91.
    • (1999) N Engl J Med , vol.340 , pp. 685-691
    • Jorenby, D.E.1    Leischow, S.J.2    Nides, M.A.3
  • 21
    • 0034009253 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bupropion: A review of its use in the management of smoking cessation
    • Holm KJ, Spencer CM. Bupropion: a review of its use in the management of smoking cessation. Drugs 2000;59:1007-24.
    • (2000) Drugs , vol.59 , pp. 1007-1024
    • Holm, K.J.1    Spencer, C.M.2
  • 22
    • 0023188638 scopus 로고
    • Cessation of smoking in patients with intermittent claudication
    • Jonason T, Bergstrom R. Cessation of smoking in patients with intermittent claudication. Acta Med Scand 1987;221:253-60.
    • (1987) Acta Med Scand , vol.221 , pp. 253-260
    • Jonason, T.1    Bergstrom, R.2
  • 23
    • 0019993585 scopus 로고
    • The measured effect of stopping smoking on intermittent claudication
    • Quick CRG, Cotton LT. The measured effect of stopping smoking on intermittent claudication. Br J Surg 1982;69(Suppl):S24-6.
    • (1982) Br J Surg , vol.69 , Issue.SUPPL.
    • Quick, C.R.G.1    Cotton, L.T.2
  • 24
    • 0027430649 scopus 로고
    • Serum lipoproteins and hemostatic function in intermittent claudication
    • Johansson J, Egberg N, Hohnsson H, et al. Serum lipoproteins and hemostatic function in intermittent claudication. Arterioscler Thromb 1993;13:1441-8.
    • (1993) Arterioscler Thromb , vol.13 , pp. 1441-1448
    • Johansson, J.1    Egberg, N.2    Hohnsson, H.3
  • 25
    • 0030811537 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intermittent claudication. A risk profile from the Framingham Heart Study
    • Murabito JM, D'Agostino RB, Silbershatz H, et al. Intermittent claudication. A risk profile from the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation 1997;96:44-9.
    • (1997) Circulation , vol.96 , pp. 44-49
    • Murabito, J.M.1    D'Agostino, R.B.2    Silbershatz, H.3
  • 26
    • 0035897696 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Executive summary of the third report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) expert panel on detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults (Adult Treatment Panel III)
    • Executive summary of the third report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) expert panel on detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). JAMA 2001;285:2486-97.
    • (2001) JAMA , vol.285 , pp. 2486-2497
  • 27
    • 0027987849 scopus 로고
    • Randomized trial of cholesterol lowering in 4444 patients with coronary heart disease: The Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S)
    • Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study Group. Randomized trial of cholesterol lowering in 4444 patients with coronary heart disease: the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S). Lancet 1994;344:1383-9.
    • (1994) Lancet , vol.344 , pp. 1383-1389
  • 28
    • 0032487931 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevention of cardiovascular events and death with pravastatin in patients with coronary, heart disease and a broad range of initial cholesterol levels
    • The Long-Term Intervention with Pravastatin in Ischaemic Disease (LIPID) Study Group
    • Prevention of cardiovascular events and death with pravastatin in patients with coronary, heart disease and a broad range of initial cholesterol levels. The Long-Term Intervention with Pravastatin in Ischaemic Disease (LIPID) Study Group [comments]. N Engl J Med 1998;339:1349-57.
    • (1998) N Engl J Med , vol.339 , pp. 1349-1357
  • 29
    • 0032006859 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of simvastatin on ischemic signs and symptoms in the Scandinavian simvastatin survival study (4S)
    • Pedersen TR, Kjekshus J, Pyorala K, et al. Effect of simvastatin on ischemic signs and symptoms in the Scandinavian simvastatin survival study (4S). Am J Cardiol 1998;81:333-5.
    • (1998) Am J Cardiol , vol.81 , pp. 333-335
    • Pedersen, T.R.1    Kjekshus, J.2    Pyorala, K.3
  • 30
    • 0037031061 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MRC/BHF Heart Protection Study of cholesterol lowering with simvastatin in 20,536 high-risk individuals: A randomized placebo-controlled trial
    • MRC/BHF Heart Protection Study of cholesterol lowering with simvastatin in 20,536 high-risk individuals: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2002;360:7-22.
    • (2002) Lancet , vol.360 , pp. 7-22
  • 31
    • 0030713021 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The sixth report of the Joint National Committee on prevention, detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure
    • The sixth report of the Joint National Committee on prevention, detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure. Arch Intern Med 1997;157:2413-46.
    • (1997) Arch Intern Med , vol.157 , pp. 2413-2446
  • 32
    • 0014695690 scopus 로고
    • Peripheral arterial insufficiency. A complication ofbeta-adrenergic blocking therapy
    • Frohlich ED, Tarazi KC, Dustan HP. Peripheral arterial insufficiency. A complication ofbeta-adrenergic blocking therapy. JAMA 1969;208:2471-2.
    • (1969) JAMA , vol.208 , pp. 2471-2472
    • Frohlich, E.D.1    Tarazi, K.C.2    Dustan, H.P.3
  • 33
    • 0025992650 scopus 로고
    • Beta-adrenergic blocker therapy does not worsen intermittent claudication in subjects with peripheral arterial disease. A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
    • Radack K, Deck C. Beta-adrenergic blocker therapy does not worsen intermittent claudication in subjects with peripheral arterial disease. A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Arch Intern Med 1991; 151:1769-76.
    • (1991) Arch Intern Med , vol.151 , pp. 1769-1776
    • Radack, K.1    Deck, C.2
  • 34
    • 0027935445 scopus 로고
    • Peripheral vascular effects of beta-blockers
    • Heintzen MP, Strauer BE. Peripheral vascular effects of beta-blockers. Eur Heart J 1994;15 Suppl C:2-7.
    • (1994) Eur Heart J , vol.15 , Issue.SUPPL. C , pp. 2-7
    • Heintzen, M.P.1    Strauer, B.E.2
  • 35
    • 0034688194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, ramipril, on cardiovascular events in high-risk patients
    • The Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation Study Investigators. Effects of an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, ramipril, on cardiovascular events in high-risk patients. N Engl J Med 2000;342:145-53.
    • (2000) N Engl J Med , vol.342 , pp. 145-153
  • 36
    • 0018764335 scopus 로고
    • Diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The Framingham Study
    • Kannel WB, McGee DL. Diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The Framingham Study. JAMA 1979;241:2035-8.
    • (1979) JAMA , vol.241 , pp. 2035-2038
    • Kannel, W.B.1    McGee, D.L.2
  • 37
    • 0019293750 scopus 로고
    • Arteriosclerosis obliterans and associated risk factors in insulin-dependent and non-insulin-dependent diabetes
    • Beach KW, Strandness DE. Arteriosclerosis obliterans and associated risk factors in insulin -dependent and non-insulin-dependent diabetes. Diabetes 1980;29:882-8.
    • (1980) Diabetes , vol.29 , pp. 882-888
    • Beach, K.W.1    Strandness, D.E.2
  • 38
    • 0028940198 scopus 로고
    • Effect of intensive diabetes management on macrovascular events and risk factors in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial
    • Effect of intensive diabetes management on macrovascular events and risk factors in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial. Am J Cardiol 1995;75:894-903.
    • (1995) Am J Cardiol , vol.75 , pp. 894-903
  • 39
    • 0032511583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33)
    • UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group
    • Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group. Lancet 1998;352:837-53.
    • (1998) Lancet , vol.352 , pp. 837-853
  • 40
    • 0030048053 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lipoprotein (a), homocysteine,and hypercoaguable states in young men with premature peripheral atherosderosis: A prospective, controlled analysis
    • Valentine R, Kaplan HS, Green K, et al. Lipoprotein (a), homocysteine,and hypercoaguable states in young men with premature peripheral atherosderosis: a prospective, controlled analysis. J Vasc Surg 1996;23:53-63.
    • (1996) J Vasc Surg , vol.23 , pp. 53-63
    • Valentine, R.1    Kaplan, H.S.2    Green, K.3
  • 41
    • 0031964467 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyperhomocysteinemia is associated wirh an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, especially in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: A population-based study
    • Hoogeveen EK, Kostense PJ, Beks PJ, et al. Hyperhomocysteinemia is associated wirh an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, especially in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: a population-based study. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1998;18:133-8.
    • (1998) Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol , vol.18 , pp. 133-138
    • Hoogeveen, E.K.1    Kostense, P.J.2    Beks, P.J.3
  • 42
    • 0033551352 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of folic acid fortification on plasma folate and total homocysteine concentrations
    • Jacques PF, Selhub J, Bostom AG, et al. The effect of folic acid fortification on plasma folate and total homocysteine concentrations. N Engl J Med 1999;340:1449-54.
    • (1999) N Engl J Med , vol.340 , pp. 1449-1454
    • Jacques, P.F.1    Selhub, J.2    Bostom, A.G.3
  • 43
    • 0034704893 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • C-reactive protein and other markers of inflammation in the prediction of cardiovascular disease in women
    • Ridker PM, Hennekens CH, Buring JE, et al. C-reactive protein and other markers of inflammation in the prediction of cardiovascular disease in women. N Engl J Med 2000;342:836-43.
    • (2000) N Engl J Med , vol.342 , pp. 836-843
    • Ridker, P.M.1    Hennekens, C.H.2    Buring, J.E.3
  • 44
    • 0035897688 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novel risk factors for systemic atherosclerosis: A comparison of C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, homocysteine, lipoprotein(a), and standard cholesterol screening as predictors of peripheral arterial disease
    • Ridker PM, Stampfer MJ, Rifai N. Novel risk factors for systemic atherosclerosis: a comparison of C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, homocysteine, lipoprotein(a), and standard cholesterol screening as predictors of peripheral arterial disease, JAMA 2001;285:2481-5.
    • (2001) JAMA , vol.285 , pp. 2481-2485
    • Ridker, P.M.1    Stampfer, M.J.2    Rifai, N.3
  • 45
    • 0032501991 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasma concentration of C-reactive protein and risk of developing peripheral vascular disease
    • Ridker PM, Cushman M, Stampfer MJ, et al. Plasma concentration of C-reactive protein and risk of developing peripheral vascular disease. Circulation 1998;97:425-8.
    • (1998) Circulation , vol.97 , pp. 425-428
    • Ridker, P.M.1    Cushman, M.2    Stampfer, M.J.3
  • 46
    • 0035963529 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measurement of C-reactive protein for the targeting of statin therapy in the primary prevention of acute coronary events
    • Ridker PM, Rifai N, Clearfield M, et al. Measurement of C-reactive protein for the targeting of statin therapy in the primary prevention of acute coronary events. N Engl J Med 2001;344:1959-65.
    • (2001) N Engl J Med , vol.344 , pp. 1959-1965
    • Ridker, P.M.1    Rifai, N.2    Clearfield, M.3
  • 47
    • 0242640310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biochemical evidence for impaired nitric oxide synthesis in patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease
    • Boger RH, Bode-Boger SM, Thiele W, et al. Biochemical evidence for impaired nitric oxide synthesis in patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease. Circulation 1997;95:2068-74.
    • (1997) Circulation , vol.95 , pp. 2068-2074
    • Boger, R.H.1    Bode-Boger, S.M.2    Thiele, W.3
  • 48
    • 0030034465 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vitamin C improves endothelium-dependent vasodilation in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
    • Ting HH, Timimi FK, Boles KS, et al. Vitamin C improves endothelium-dependent vasodilation in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. J Clin Invest 1996;97:22-8.
    • (1996) J Clin Invest , vol.97 , pp. 22-28
    • Ting, H.H.1    Timimi, F.K.2    Boles, K.S.3
  • 49
    • 0031420937 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized controlled trial of antioxidants in intermittent claudication
    • Leng GC, Lee AJ, Fowkes FG, et al. Randomized controlled trial of antioxidants in intermittent claudication. Vasc Med 1997;2:279-85.
    • (1997) Vasc Med , vol.2 , pp. 279-285
    • Leng, G.C.1    Lee, A.J.2    Fowkes, F.G.3
  • 50
    • 0037031094 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MRC/BHF Heart Protection Study of antioxidant vitamin supplementation in 20,536 high-risk individuals: A randomized placebo-controlled trial
    • MRC/BHF Heart Protection Study of antioxidant vitamin supplementation in 20,536 high-risk individuals: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2002;360:23-33.
    • (2002) Lancet , vol.360 , pp. 23-33
  • 51
    • 0025360133 scopus 로고
    • Screening for hypercoagulable states in vascular surgical practice: A preliminary study
    • Donaldson MC, Weinberg DS, Belkin M, et al. Screening for hypercoagulable states in vascular surgical practice: a preliminary study. J Vasc Surg 1990;11:825-31.
    • (1990) J Vasc Surg , vol.11 , pp. 825-831
    • Donaldson, M.C.1    Weinberg, D.S.2    Belkin, M.3
  • 52
    • 0022479206 scopus 로고
    • Plasma beta-thromboglobulin levels and claudication degrees in patients with peripheral vascular disease
    • Catalano M, Russo U, Libretti A. Plasma beta-thromboglobulin levels and claudication degrees in patients with peripheral vascular disease. Angiology 1986;37:339-42.
    • (1986) Angiology , vol.37 , pp. 339-342
    • Catalano, M.1    Russo, U.2    Libretti, A.3
  • 53
    • 0037065502 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Collaborative meta-analysis of randomized trials of antiplatelet therapy for prevention of death, myocardial infarction, and stroke in high risk patients 1
    • Collaborative meta-analysis of randomized trials of antiplatelet therapy for prevention of death, myocardial infarction, and stroke in high risk patients 1. BMJ 2002;324:71-86.
    • (2002) BMJ , vol.324 , pp. 71-86
  • 54
    • 0028120906 scopus 로고
    • Collaborative overview of randomized trials of antiplatelet therapy - I: Prevention of death, myocardial infarction, and stroke by prolonged antip[atelet therapy in various categories of patients
    • Antiplatelet Trialists' Collaboration
    • Collaborative overview of randomized trials of antiplatelet therapy - I: Prevention of death, myocardial infarction, and stroke by prolonged antip[atelet therapy in various categories of patients. Antiplatelet Trialists' Collaboration. BMJ 1994;308:81-106.
    • (1994) BMJ , vol.308 , pp. 81-106
  • 55
    • 0000073434 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Internal analgesic, antipyretic, and antirheumatic drug products for over-the-counter human use; Final rule for professional labeling of aspirin, buffered aspirin, and aspirin in combination with antacid drug products
    • Food and Drug Administration. Internal analgesic, antipyretic, and antirheumatic drug products for over-the-counter human use; final rule for professional labeling of aspirin, buffered aspirin, and aspirin in combination with antacid drug products. Federal Register 1998;63:56802-19.
    • (1998) Federal Register , vol.63 , pp. 56802-56819
  • 56
    • 0025215414 scopus 로고
    • Prevention of myocardial infarction and stroke in patients with intermittent claudication; effects of ticlopidine. Results from STIMS, the Swedish Ticiopidine Multicenter Study
    • Janzon L, Bergqvist D, Boberg J, et al. Prevention of myocardial infarction and stroke in patients with intermittent claudication; effects of ticlopidine. Results from STIMS, the Swedish Ticiopidine Multicenter Study. J Int Med 1990;227:301-8.
    • (1990) J Int Med , vol.227 , pp. 301-308
    • Janzon, L.1    Bergqvist, D.2    Boberg, J.3
  • 57
    • 0032055447 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura associated with ticlopidine. A review of 60 cases
    • Bennett CL, Weinberg PD, Rozenberg-Ben-Dror K, et al. Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura associated with ticlopidine. A review of 60 cases. Ann Intern Med 1998;128:541-4.
    • (1998) Ann Intern Med , vol.128 , pp. 541-544
    • Bennett, C.L.1    Weinberg, P.D.2    Rozenberg-Ben-Dror, K.3
  • 58
    • 84921430369 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thienopyridine derivatives (ticlopidine, clopidogrel) versus aspirin for preventing stroke and other serious vascular events in high vascular risk patients
    • CD001246
    • Hankey GJ, Sudlow CL, Dunbabin DW. Thienopyridine derivatives (ticlopidine, clopidogrel) versus aspirin for preventing stroke and other serious vascular events in high vascular risk patients. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2000;CD001246.
    • (2000) Cochrane Database Syst Rev
    • Hankey, G.J.1    Sudlow, C.L.2    Dunbabin, D.W.3
  • 59
    • 0030590746 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized, blinded, trial of clopidogrel versus aspirin in patients at risk ofischaemic events (CAPRIE)
    • CAPRIE Steering Committee. A randomized, blinded, trial of clopidogrel versus aspirin in patients at risk ofischaemic events (CAPRIE). Lancet 1996;348:1329-39.
    • (1996) Lancet , vol.348 , pp. 1329-1339
  • 60
    • 0034660472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura associated with ciopidogrel
    • Bennett CL, Connors JM, Carwile JM, et al. Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura associated with ciopidogrel. N Engl J Med 2000;342:1773-7.
    • (2000) N Engl J Med , vol.342 , pp. 1773-1777
    • Bennett, C.L.1    Connors, J.M.2    Carwile, J.M.3
  • 61
    • 0033180135 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Review of the Fifth American College of Chest Physicians Consensus Conference on Antithrombotic Therapy: Outpatient management for adults
    • Sachdev GP, Ohlrogge KD, Johnson CL. Review of the Fifth American College of Chest Physicians Consensus Conference on Antithrombotic Therapy: outpatient management for adults. Am J Health Syst Pharm 1999;56:1505-14.
    • (1999) Am J Health Syst Pharm , vol.56 , pp. 1505-1514
    • Sachdev, G.P.1    Ohlrogge, K.D.2    Johnson, C.L.3
  • 62
    • 0035899289 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects ofclopidogrel in addition to aspirin in patients with acute coronary syndromes without ST-segment elevation
    • Yusuf S, Zhao F, Mehta SR. et al. Effects ofclopidogrel in addition to aspirin in patients with acute coronary syndromes without ST-segment elevation. N Engl J Med 2001;345:494-502.
    • (2001) N Engl J Med , vol.345 , pp. 494-502
    • Yusuf, S.1    Zhao, F.2    Mehta, S.R.3
  • 63
    • 0029093782 scopus 로고
    • Exercise rehabilitation programs for the treatment ofclaudication pain. A meta-analysis
    • Gardner AW, Poehlman ET. Exercise rehabilitation programs for the treatment ofclaudication pain. A meta-analysis. JAMA 1995;274:975-80.
    • (1995) JAMA , vol.274 , pp. 975-980
    • Gardner, A.W.1    Poehlman, E.T.2
  • 64
    • 0032963403 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exercise therapy for claudication
    • Nehlcr MR, Hiatt WR, Exercise therapy for claudication. Ann Vase Surg 1999;13:109-14.
    • (1999) Ann Vase Surg , vol.13 , pp. 109-114
    • Nehlcr, M.R.1    Hiatt, W.R.2
  • 65
    • 0028080415 scopus 로고
    • Superiority of treadmill walking exercise vs strength training for patients with peripheral arterial disease. Implications for the mechanism of the training response
    • Hiatt WR, Wolfel EE, Meier RH, et al. Superiority of treadmill walking exercise vs strength training for patients with peripheral arterial disease. Implications for the mechanism of the training response. Circulation 1994;90:1866-74.
    • (1994) Circulation , vol.90 , pp. 1866-1874
    • Hiatt, W.R.1    Wolfel, E.E.2    Meier, R.H.3
  • 66
    • 0035942767 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Medical treatment of peripheral arterial disease and claudication
    • Hiatt WR. Medical treatment of peripheral arterial disease and claudication. N Engl J Med 2001;344:1608-21.
    • (2001) N Engl J Med , vol.344 , pp. 1608-1621
    • Hiatt, W.R.1
  • 67
    • 0030047579 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exercise training improves functional status in patients with peripheral arterial disease
    • Regensteiner JG, Steiner JF, Hiatt WR. Exercise training improves functional status in patients with peripheral arterial disease. J Vase Surg 1996;23:104-15.
    • (1996) J Vase Surg , vol.23 , pp. 104-115
    • Regensteiner, J.G.1    Steiner, J.F.2    Hiatt, W.R.3
  • 68
    • 0018803746 scopus 로고
    • Vasodilator drugs in peripheral vascular disease
    • Coffman JD. Vasodilator drugs in peripheral vascular disease. N Engl J Med 1979;300:713-7.
    • (1979) N Engl J Med , vol.300 , pp. 713-717
    • Coffman, J.D.1
  • 69
    • 0020315001 scopus 로고
    • Pentoxifylline efficacy in the treatment of intermittent claudication: Multicenter controlled double-blind trial with objective assessment of chronic occlusive arterial disease patients
    • Porter JM, Cutler BS, Lee BY, et al. Pentoxifylline efficacy in the treatment of intermittent claudication: multicenter controlled double-blind trial with objective assessment of chronic occlusive arterial disease patients. Am Heart J 982;104:66-72.
    • (1982) Am Heart J , vol.104 , pp. 66-72
    • Porter, J.M.1    Cutler, B.S.2    Lee, B.Y.3
  • 70
    • 0033754497 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of cilostazol and pentoxifylline for treating intermittent claudication
    • Dawson DL, Cutler BS, Hiatt WR, et al. A comparison of cilostazol and pentoxifylline for treating intermittent claudication. Am J Med 2000;109:523-30.
    • (2000) Am J Med , vol.109 , pp. 523-530
    • Dawson, D.L.1    Cutler, B.S.2    Hiatt, W.R.3
  • 71
    • 0033593881 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of intermittent c[audication with physical training, smoking cessation, pentoxifylline, or nafronyl: A meta-analysis
    • Girolami B, Bernardi E, Prins MH, et al. Treatment of intermittent c[audication with physical training, smoking cessation, pentoxifylline, or nafronyl: a meta-analysis. Arch Intern Med 1999;159:337-45.
    • (1999) Arch Intern Med , vol.159 , pp. 337-345
    • Girolami, B.1    Bernardi, E.2    Prins, M.H.3
  • 72
    • 0032700659 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of cilostazol, a phosphodiesterase III inhibitor, on experimental thrombosis in the porcine carotid artery
    • Kohda N, Tani T, Nakayama S, et al. Effect of cilostazol, a phosphodiesterase III inhibitor, on experimental thrombosis in the porcine carotid artery. Thromb Res 1999;96:261-8.
    • (1999) Thromb Res , vol.96 , pp. 261-268
    • Kohda, N.1    Tani, T.2    Nakayama, S.3
  • 73
    • 0025305041 scopus 로고
    • Potentiation of anri-platelet aggregating activity of cilostazol with vascular endothelial cells
    • Igawa T, Tani T, Chijiwa T, et al. Potentiation of anri-platelet aggregating activity of cilostazol with vascular endothelial cells. Thromb Res 1990;57:617-23.
    • (1990) Thromb Res , vol.57 , pp. 617-623
    • Igawa, T.1    Tani, T.2    Chijiwa, T.3
  • 74
    • 0033529402 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact ofcilostazol on restenosis after percutaneous coronary balloon angioplasty
    • Tsuchikane E, Fukuhara A, Kobayashi T, et al. Impact ofcilostazol on restenosis after percutaneous coronary balloon angioplasty. Circulation 1999;100:21-6.
    • (1999) Circulation , vol.100 , pp. 21-26
    • Tsuchikane, E.1    Fukuhara, A.2    Kobayashi, T.3
  • 75
    • 0033610236 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new pharmacological treatment for intermittent claudication: Results of a randomized, multicenter trial
    • Beebe HG, Dawson DL, Cutler BS, et al. A new pharmacological treatment for intermittent claudication: results of a randomized, multicenter trial. Arch Intern Med 1999;159:2041-50.
    • (1999) Arch Intern Med , vol.159 , pp. 2041-2050
    • Beebe, H.G.1    Dawson, D.L.2    Cutler, B.S.3
  • 76
    • 0031929569 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of cilostazol on walking distances in patients with intermittent claudication caused by peripheral vascular disease
    • Money SR, Herd JA,Isaacsohn JL, et al. Effect of cilostazol on walking distances in patients with intermittent claudication caused by peripheral vascular disease. J Vasc Surg 1998;27:267-74.
    • (1998) J Vasc Surg , vol.27 , pp. 267-274
    • Money, S.R.1    Herd, J.A.2    Isaacsohn, J.L.3
  • 77
    • 0032544181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cilostazol has beneficial effects in treatment of intermittent claudication: Results from a multicenter, randomized, prospective, double-blind trial
    • Dawson DL, Cutler BS, Meissner MH, et al. Cilostazol has beneficial effects in treatment of intermittent claudication: results from a multicenter, randomized, prospective, double-blind trial. Circulation 1998;98:678-86.
    • (1998) Circulation , vol.98 , pp. 678-686
    • Dawson, D.L.1    Cutler, B.S.2    Meissner, M.H.3
  • 78
    • 0026072848 scopus 로고
    • Effect of oral milrinone on mortality in severe chronic heart failure
    • The PROMISE Study Research Group
    • Packer M, Carver JR, Rodeheffer RJ, et al. Effect of oral milrinone on mortality in severe chronic heart failure. The PROMISE Study Research Group. N Engl J Med 1991;325:1468-75.
    • (1991) N Engl J Med , vol.325 , pp. 1468-1475
    • Packer, M.1    Carver, J.R.2    Rodeheffer, R.J.3
  • 79
    • 0035963659 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of the cilostazol safety database
    • Pratt CM. Analysis of the cilostazol safety database. Am J Cardiol 2001;87:28D-33D.
    • (2001) Am J Cardiol , vol.87
    • Pratt, C.M.1
  • 80
    • 0028849885 scopus 로고
    • Propionyl-L-carnitine in intermittent claudication: Double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose titration, multicenter study
    • Brevetti G, Perna S, Sabba C, et al. Propionyl-L-carnitine in intermittent claudication: double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose titration, multicenter study. J Am Coll Cardiol 1995;26:1411-6.
    • (1995) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.26 , pp. 1411-1416
    • Brevetti, G.1    Perna, S.2    Sabba, C.3
  • 81
    • 0033230534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European multicenter study on propionyl-L-carnitine in intermittent claudication
    • Brevetti G, Diehm C, Lambert D. European multicenter study on propionyl-L-carnitine in intermittent claudication. J. Am Coll Cardiol 1999;34:1618-24.
    • (1999) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.34 , pp. 1618-1624
    • Brevetti, G.1    Diehm, C.2    Lambert, D.3
  • 82
    • 0030970763 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect ofpropionyl-L-carnitine on quality of life in intermittent claudication
    • Brevetti G, Perna S, Sabba C, et al. Effect ofpropionyl-L-carnitine on quality of life in intermittent claudication. Am J Cardiol 1997;79:777-80.
    • (1997) Am J Cardiol , vol.79 , pp. 777-780
    • Brevetti, G.1    Perna, S.2    Sabba, C.3
  • 83
    • 0034713816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral beraprost sodium, a prostaglandin I(2) analogue, for intermittent claudication: A double-blind, randomized, multicenter controlled trial
    • Lievre M, Morand S, Besse B, et al. Oral beraprost sodium, a prostaglandin I(2) analogue, for intermittent claudication: a double-blind, randomized, multicenter controlled trial. Circulation 2000;102:426-31.
    • (2000) Circulation , vol.102 , pp. 426-431
    • Lievre, M.1    Morand, S.2    Besse, B.3
  • 84
    • 0028128106 scopus 로고
    • Collaborative overview of randomized trials of antiplatelet therapy-II: Maintenance of vascular graft or arterial patency by antiplatelet therapy
    • Antiplatelet Trialists' Collaboration
    • Collaborative overview of randomized trials of antiplatelet therapy-II: Maintenance of vascular graft or arterial patency by antiplatelet therapy. Antiplatelet Trialists' Collaboration. BMJ 1994;308:159-68.
    • (1994) BMJ , vol.308 , pp. 159-168
  • 85
    • 0028921830 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of effects of high-dose and low-dose aspirin on restenosis after femoropopliteal percutaneous transluminal angioplasty
    • Minar E, Ahmadi A, Koppensteiner, Ret al. Comparison of effects of high-dose and low-dose aspirin on restenosis after femoropopliteal percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. Circulation 1995;91:2167-73.
    • (1995) Circulation , vol.91 , pp. 2167-2173
    • Minar, E.1    Ahmadi, A.2    Koppensteiner, R.3
  • 86
    • 0028128889 scopus 로고
    • Controlled trial of high-versus low-dose aspirin treatment after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty in patients with peripheral vascular disease
    • Ranke C, Creutzig A, Luska G, et al. Controlled trial of high-versus low-dose aspirin treatment after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty in patients with peripheral vascular disease. Clin Invest Med 1994;72:673-80.
    • (1994) Clin Invest Med , vol.72 , pp. 673-680
    • Ranke, C.1    Creutzig, A.2    Luska, G.3
  • 87
    • 0030658097 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of ticlopidine on the long-term patency of saphenous-vein bypass grafts in the leg
    • Becquemin JP. Effect of ticlopidine on the long-term patency of saphenous-vein bypass grafts in the leg. N Engl J Med 1997;337:1726-31.
    • (1997) N Engl J Med , vol.337 , pp. 1726-1731
    • Becquemin, J.P.1
  • 88
    • 0029551807 scopus 로고
    • Low-molecular weight heparin vs unfractionated heparin in fermorodistal reconstructive surgery: A multicenter open randomized study
    • Samama CM, Gigou F, Ill P. Low-molecular weight heparin vs unfractionated heparin in fermorodistal reconstructive surgery: a multicenter open randomized study. Ann Vasc Surg 1995;9:S45-S53.
    • (1995) Ann Vasc Surg , vol.9
    • Samama, C.M.1    Gigou, F.2    Ill, P.3
  • 89
    • 0031687930 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Warfarin improves the outcome of infrainguinal vein bypass grafting at high risk for failure
    • Sarac TP, Huber TS, Back MR, et al. Warfarin improves the outcome of infrainguinal vein bypass grafting at high risk for failure. J Vasc Surg 1998;28:446-57.
    • (1998) J Vasc Surg , vol.28 , pp. 446-457
    • Sarac, T.P.1    Huber, T.S.2    Back, M.R.3
  • 90
    • 0025296227 scopus 로고
    • Influence of coumarin treatment on patency and limb salvage after peripheral arterial reconstructive surgery
    • Arfvidsson B, Lundgren F, Drott C, et al. Influence of coumarin treatment on patency and limb salvage after peripheral arterial reconstructive surgery. Am J Surg 1990;159:556-60.
    • (1990) Am J Surg , vol.159 , pp. 556-560
    • Arfvidsson, B.1    Lundgren, F.2    Drott, C.3
  • 91
    • 0026726299 scopus 로고
    • A decade of oral anticoagulation treatment to maintain autologous vein grafts for femoropopliteal atherosclerosis
    • Kretschmer G, Herbst F, Prager M, et al. A decade of oral anticoagulation treatment to maintain autologous vein grafts for femoropopliteal atherosclerosis. Arch Surg 1992;127:1112-5.
    • (1992) Arch Surg , vol.127 , pp. 1112-1115
    • Kretschmer, G.1    Herbst, F.2    Prager, M.3
  • 92
    • 0028022185 scopus 로고
    • Low-molecular weight heparin versus aspirin and dipyridamole after femoropopliteal bypass grafting
    • Edmondson RA, Cohen AT, Das SK, et al. Low-molecular weight heparin versus aspirin and dipyridamole after femoropopliteal bypass grafting. Lancet 1994;344:914-8.
    • (1994) Lancet , vol.344 , pp. 914-918
    • Edmondson, R.A.1    Cohen, A.T.2    Das, S.K.3
  • 93
    • 0034728082 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of oral anticoagulants compared with aspirin after infrainguinal bypass surgery, (The Dutch Bypass Oral Anticoagulants or Aspirin Study): A randomized trial
    • Efficacy of oral anticoagulants compared with aspirin after infrainguinal bypass surgery, (The Dutch Bypass Oral Anticoagulants or Aspirin Study): a randomized trial. Lancet 2000;355:346-51.
    • (2000) Lancet , vol.355 , pp. 346-351
  • 94
    • 0036516016 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Benefits, morbidity and mortality associated with long-term administration of oral anticoagulant therapy to patients with peripheral arterial bypass procedures: A prospective randomized study
    • Johnson WC, Williford WO. Benefits, morbidity and mortality associated with long-term administration of oral anticoagulant therapy to patients with peripheral arterial bypass procedures: a prospective randomized study. J Vasc Surg 2002;35:413-21.
    • (2002) J Vasc Surg , vol.35 , pp. 413-421
    • Johnson, W.C.1    Williford, W.O.2
  • 95
    • 0032831242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systematic review of randomized controlled trials of aspirin and oral anticoagulants in the prevention of graft occlusion and ischemic events after infrainguinal bypass surgery
    • Tangelder MJ, Lawson JA, Algra A, et al. Systematic review of randomized controlled trials of aspirin and oral anticoagulants in the prevention of graft occlusion and ischemic events after infrainguinal bypass surgery. J Vasc Surg 1999;30:701-9.
    • (1999) J Vasc Surg , vol.30 , pp. 701-709
    • Tangelder, M.J.1    Lawson, J.A.2    Algra, A.3
  • 96
    • 0021350566 scopus 로고
    • Coronary artery disease in peripheral vascular patients. A classification of 1000 coronary angiograms and results of surgical management
    • Hertzer NR, Beven EG, Young JR, et al. Coronary artery disease in peripheral vascular patients. A classification of 1000 coronary angiograms and results of surgical management. Ann Surg 1984;199:223-33.
    • (1984) Ann Surg , vol.199 , pp. 223-233
    • Hertzer, N.R.1    Beven, E.G.2    Young, J.R.3
  • 97
    • 0029917455 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guidelines for perioperative cardiovascular evaluation for noncardiac surgery. Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines
    • Committee on Perioperative Cardiovascular Evaluation for Noncardiac Surgery
    • Eagle KA, Brundage BH, Chairman BR, et al. Guidelines for perioperative cardiovascular evaluation for noncardiac surgery. Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Committee on Perioperative Cardiovascular Evaluation for Noncardiac Surgery. Circulation 1996;93:1278-317.
    • (1996) Circulation , vol.93 , pp. 1278-1317
    • Eagle, K.A.1    Brundage, B.H.2    Chairman, B.R.3
  • 98
    • 0035843627 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predictors of cardiac events after major vascular surgery: Role of clinical characteristics, dobutamine echocardiography, and beta-blocker therapy
    • Boersma E, Poldermans D, Bax JJ, et al. Predictors of cardiac events after major vascular surgery: role of clinical characteristics, dobutamine echocardiography, and beta-blocker therapy. JAMA 2001;285:1865-73.
    • (2001) JAMA , vol.285 , pp. 1865-1873
    • Boersma, E.1    Poldermans, D.2    Bax, J.J.3
  • 99
    • 0034098990 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Negative impact of cardiac evaluation before vascular surgery
    • Krupski WC, Nehler MR, Whitehill TA, et al. Negative impact of cardiac evaluation before vascular surgery. Vasc Med 2000;5:3-9.
    • (2000) Vasc Med , vol.5 , pp. 3-9
    • Krupski, W.C.1    Nehler, M.R.2    Whitehill, T.A.3
  • 100
    • 0033009805 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of heart rate control on myocardial ischemia among high-risk patients after vascular surgery
    • Raby KE, Brull SJ, Timimi F, et al. The effect of heart rate control on myocardial ischemia among high-risk patients after vascular surgery. Anesth Analg 1999;88:477-82.
    • (1999) Anesth Analg , vol.88 , pp. 477-482
    • Raby, K.E.1    Brull, S.J.2    Timimi, F.3
  • 101
    • 0024335812 scopus 로고
    • Beta blockade to decrease silent myocardial ischemia during peripheral vascular surgery
    • Pasternack PF, Grossi EA, Baumann FG, et al. Beta blockade to decrease silent myocardial ischemia during peripheral vascular surgery. Am J Surg 1989;158:113-6.
    • (1989) Am J Surg , vol.158 , pp. 113-116
    • Pasternack, P.F.1    Grossi, E.A.2    Baumann, F.G.3
  • 102
    • 0033540018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of bisoprolol on perioperative mortality and myocardial infarction in high-risk patients undergoing vascular surgery
    • Dutch Echocardiographic Cardiac Risk Evaluation Applying Stress Echocardiography Study Group
    • Poldermans D, Boersma E, Bax JJ, et al. The effect of bisoprolol on perioperative mortality and myocardial infarction in high-risk patients undergoing vascular surgery. Dutch Echocardiographic Cardiac Risk Evaluation Applying Stress Echocardiography Study Group. N Engl J Med 1999;341:1789-94.
    • (1999) N Engl J Med , vol.341 , pp. 1789-1794
    • Poldermans, D.1    Boersma, E.2    Bax, J.J.3
  • 103
    • 0035913589 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peripheral arterial disease detection, awareness, and treatment in primary care
    • Hirsch AT, Criqui MH, Treat-Jacobson D, et al. Peripheral arterial disease detection, awareness, and treatment in primary care. JAMA 2001;286:1317-24.
    • (2001) JAMA , vol.286 , pp. 1317-1324
    • Hirsch, A.T.1    Criqui, M.H.2    Treat-Jacobson, D.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.