메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 38, Issue 5, 2002, Pages 562-574

Actual problems of evolutionary immunology

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANIMALIA; BACTERIA (MICROORGANISMS); INVERTEBRATA; VERTEBRATA;

EID: 0036976984     PISSN: 00220930     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1023/A:1022060916099     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (7)

References (107)
  • 1
    • 9644256621 scopus 로고
    • Lektsii o sravnitel'noi patologii vospaleniya
    • Moscow
    • Mechnikov, I.I., Lektsii o sravnitel'noi patologii vospaleniya (Lections about the Comparative Pathology of Inflammation), Akad. Sobr. Soch. (Academic Collection of Works), Moscow, 1954, vol. 5, pp. 99-214.
    • (1954) Akad. Sobr. Soch. (Academic Collection of Works) , vol.5 , pp. 99-214
    • Mechnikov, I.I.1
  • 4
    • 9644252243 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enigma of Origin of the Specific Immunity. Polemic Notes
    • Abelev, G.I., Enigma of Origin of the Specific Immunity. Polemic Notes, Ontogenez, 1997, vol. 28, pp. 68-69.
    • (1997) Ontogenez , vol.28 , pp. 68-69
    • Abelev, G.I.1
  • 5
    • 9644264873 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Origin of the Specific Immunity in Invertebrate Animals. Facts and Hypotheses
    • Fontalin, L.N., Origin of the Specific Immunity in Invertebrate Animals. Facts and Hypotheses, Ontogenez, 1997, vol. 28, pp. 314-315.
    • (1997) Ontogenez , vol.28 , pp. 314-315
    • Fontalin, L.N.1
  • 6
    • 9644274826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolutionary Immunology from the Point of View of the Evolutionist
    • Severtsov, A.S., Evolutionary Immunology from the Point of View of the Evolutionist, Ontogenez, 1997, vol. 28, pp. 398-399.
    • (1997) Ontogenez , vol.28 , pp. 398-399
    • Severtsov, A.S.1
  • 7
    • 9644296623 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • About Evolution of the Recognizing and Recognized Structures
    • Yarilin, A.A., About Evolution of the Recognizing and Recognized Structures, Ontogenez, 1997, vol. 28, pp. 473-475.
    • (1997) Ontogenez , vol.28 , pp. 473-475
    • Yarilin, A.A.1
  • 11
    • 0032722739 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Invertebrates Versus Vertebrates Innate Immunity: In the Light of Evolution
    • Rinkevich, B., Invertebrates Versus Vertebrates Innate Immunity: In the Light of Evolution, Scand. J. Immunol., 1999, vol. 50, pp. 456-460.
    • (1999) Scand. J. Immunol. , vol.50 , pp. 456-460
    • Rinkevich, B.1
  • 13
    • 42549173210 scopus 로고
    • Invertebrate Immune Recognition, Natural Immunity and the Evolution of Positive Selection
    • Humphreys, T. and Reinherz, E.L., Invertebrate Immune Recognition, Natural Immunity and the Evolution of Positive Selection, Immunol. Today, 1994, vol. 15, pp. 316-320.
    • (1994) Immunol. Today , vol.15 , pp. 316-320
    • Humphreys, T.1    Reinherz, E.L.2
  • 15
    • 0029686934 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Earthworm Immunity
    • Rinkevich, B. and. Muller, W.E.G., Eds., Berlin, Springer
    • Cooper, E.L., Earthworm Immunity, Invertebrate Immunity, Rinkevich, B. and. Muller, W.E.G., Eds., Berlin, Springer, 1996, pp. 10-45.
    • (1996) Invertebrate Immunity , pp. 10-45
    • Cooper, E.L.1
  • 16
    • 0029692652 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Humoral Factors in Tunicates
    • Rinkevich, B. and Muller, W.E.G., Eds., Berlin, Springer
    • Saito, Y., Humoral Factors in Tunicates, Invertebrate Immunity, Rinkevich, B. and Muller, W.E.G., Eds., Berlin, Springer, 1996, pp. 218-234.
    • (1996) Invertebrate Immunity , pp. 218-234
    • Saito, Y.1
  • 17
    • 0039992016 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular Aspects of Immune Reactions in Echinodermata
    • Rinkevich, B. and Muller, W.E.G., Eds., Berlin, Springer
    • Matranga, V., Molecular Aspects of Immune Reactions in Echinodermata, Invertebrate Immunity, Rinkevich, B. and Muller, W.E.G., Eds., Berlin, Springer, 1996, pp. 235-248.
    • (1996) Invertebrate Immunity , pp. 235-248
    • Matranga, V.1
  • 18
    • 0032213195 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complement Diversity: A Mechanism for Generating Immune Diversity?
    • Sunier, J O., Zarkadis, I.K., and Lambris, J.D., Complement Diversity: A Mechanism for Generating Immune Diversity?, Immunol. Today, 1998, vol. 19, pp. 519-523.
    • (1998) Immunol. Today , vol.19 , pp. 519-523
    • Sunier, J.O.1    Zarkadis, I.K.2    Lambris, J.D.3
  • 19
    • 0019005751 scopus 로고
    • Invertebrate Immunity
    • Lackie, A.M., Invertebrate Immunity, Parasitology, 1980, vol. 80, pp. 393-412.
    • (1980) Parasitology , vol.80 , pp. 393-412
    • Lackie, A.M.1
  • 20
    • 0032997395 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phagocytosis and Development: Back to Future
    • Frank, N.C., White, K., and Ezekowitz, A.B., Phagocytosis and Development: Back to Future, Curr. Opin. Immunol., 1999, vol. 11, pp. 47-52.
    • (1999) Curr. Opin. Immunol. , vol.11 , pp. 47-52
    • Frank, N.C.1    White, K.2    Ezekowitz, A.B.3
  • 21
    • 0024955886 scopus 로고
    • Approaching the Asymptote? Evolution and Revolution in Immunology
    • Janeway, C.A., Jr., Approaching the Asymptote? Evolution and Revolution in Immunology, Cold Spring Harbour Symp. Quant. Biol., 1989, vol. 54, pp. 1-13.
    • (1989) Cold Spring Harbour Symp. Quant. Biol. , vol.54 , pp. 1-13
    • Janeway Jr., C.A.1
  • 22
    • 9644267616 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pectins in Protective Reactions in Invertebrates
    • Polevshchikov, A.V., Pectins in Protective Reactions in Invertebrates, Zh. Obshch. Biol., vol. 51, pp. 718-739.
    • Zh. Obshch. Biol. , vol.51 , pp. 718-739
    • Polevshchikov, A.V.1
  • 23
    • 0033052588 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • C-Type Lectins and Galectins Mediate Congenital and Adaptive Immune Functions: Their Role in Complement Activation Pathway
    • Vasta, G.R., Quesenberry, M., Ahmed, H., and O'Leary, N., C-Type Lectins and Galectins Mediate Congenital and Adaptive Immune Functions: Their Role in Complement Activation Pathway, Develop. Compar. Immunol., 1999, vol. 23, pp. 401-420.
    • (1999) Develop. Compar. Immunol. , vol.23 , pp. 401-420
    • Vasta, G.R.1    Quesenberry, M.2    Ahmed, H.3    O'Leary, N.4
  • 25
    • 0033067894 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Toll-Receptor Family and Control of Congenital Immunity
    • Kopp, E.B. and Medzhitov, R., The Toll-Receptor Family and Control of Congenital Immunity, Curr. Opin. Immunol., 1999, vol. 11, pp. 13-18.
    • (1999) Curr. Opin. Immunol. , vol.11 , pp. 13-18
    • Kopp, E.B.1    Medzhitov, R.2
  • 26
    • 0024792513 scopus 로고
    • Biology of Natural Killer Cells
    • Trinchieri, G., Biology of Natural Killer Cells, Adv. Immunol., 1989, vol. 47, pp. 187-376.
    • (1989) Adv. Immunol. , vol.47 , pp. 187-376
    • Trinchieri, G.1
  • 27
    • 42549173210 scopus 로고
    • Invertebrate Immune Recognition, Natural Immunity and the Evolution of Positive Selection
    • Humphreys, T. and Reinherz, E.L., Invertebrate Immune Recognition, Natural Immunity and the Evolution of Positive Selection, Immunol. Today, 1994, vol. 15, pp. 316-320.
    • (1994) Immunol. Today , vol.15 , pp. 316-320
    • Humphreys, T.1    Reinherz, E.L.2
  • 28
    • 0017402467 scopus 로고
    • Natural Cytotoxicity of Sipunculid Leukocytes on Allogeneic and Xenogeneic Erythrocytes
    • Boieldieu, D. and Valembois, P., Natural Cytotoxicity of Sipunculid Leukocytes on Allogeneic and Xenogeneic Erythrocytes, Develop. Compar. Immunol., 1977, vol. 1, pp. 207-216.
    • (1977) Develop. Compar. Immunol. , vol.1 , pp. 207-216
    • Boieldieu, D.1    Valembois, P.2
  • 30
    • 0025735629 scopus 로고
    • The Dendritic Cell System and Its Role in Immunogenicity
    • Steinman, R.M., The Dendritic Cell System and Its Role in Immunogenicity, Ann. Rev. Immunol., 1991, vol. 9, pp. 271-296.
    • (1991) Ann. Rev. Immunol. , vol.9 , pp. 271-296
    • Steinman, R.M.1
  • 31
    • 0029920469 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antigen Processing and Presentation by the Class I Major Histocompatibility Complex
    • York, I.A. and Rock, K.L., Antigen Processing and Presentation by the Class I Major Histocompatibility Complex, Ann. Rev. Immunol., 1996, vol. 14, pp. 369-399.
    • (1996) Ann. Rev. Immunol. , vol.14 , pp. 369-399
    • York, I.A.1    Rock, K.L.2
  • 32
    • 0029001765 scopus 로고
    • Synthesis and Assembly of MHC-Peptide Complexes
    • Benham, A., Tulp, A., and Neejes, J., Synthesis and Assembly of MHC-Peptide Complexes, Immunol. Today, 1995, vol. 16, pp. 359-362.
    • (1995) Immunol. Today , vol.16 , pp. 359-362
    • Benham, A.1    Tulp, A.2    Neejes, J.3
  • 34
    • 0034913272 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Human Genome: An Immunocentric View of Evolutionary Strategies
    • Yin, Liu and Shaw, S., The Human Genome: An Immunocentric View of Evolutionary Strategies, Trends in Immunol., 2001, vol. 22, pp. 227-229.
    • (2001) Trends in Immunol. , vol.22 , pp. 227-229
    • Yin, L.1    Shaw, S.2
  • 35
    • 0028867419 scopus 로고
    • New Insights into V(D)J Recombination and Its Role in the Evolution of Immune System
    • Thompson, C.B., New Insights into V(D)J Recombination and Its Role in the Evolution of Immune System, Immunity, 1995, vol. 3, pp. 531-539.
    • (1995) Immunity , vol.3 , pp. 531-539
    • Thompson, C.B.1
  • 37
    • 0007906965 scopus 로고
    • Somatic Generation of Immune Diversity
    • Tonegawa, S., Somatic Generation of Immune Diversity, Scand. J. Immunol., 1993, vol. 38, pp. 305-317.
    • (1993) Scand. J. Immunol. , vol.38 , pp. 305-317
    • Tonegawa, S.1
  • 39
    • 0030006070 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clonal Selection and Learning in the Antibody System
    • Rajewsky, K., Clonal Selection and Learning in the Antibody System, Nature, 1996, vol. 381, pp. 751-758.
    • (1996) Nature , vol.381 , pp. 751-758
    • Rajewsky, K.1
  • 40
    • 0027260343 scopus 로고
    • The Maturation of the Immune Response
    • Berek, C. and Ziegner, M., The Maturation of the Immune Response, Immunol. Today, 1993, vol. 14, pp. 400-404.
    • (1993) Immunol. Today , vol.14 , pp. 400-404
    • Berek, C.1    Ziegner, M.2
  • 41
    • 0029872907 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Somatic Hypermutation of Immunoglobulin Genes
    • Wagner, S.D. and Neuberger, M.S., Somatic Hypermutation of Immunoglobulin Genes, Ann. Rev. Immunol., 1996, vol. 14, pp. 441-457.
    • (1996) Ann. Rev. Immunol. , vol.14 , pp. 441-457
    • Wagner, S.D.1    Neuberger, M.S.2
  • 42
    • 0031918097 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Progress in Understanding the Mechanism and Consequences of Somatic Hypermutation
    • Storb, U., Progress in Understanding the Mechanism and Consequences of Somatic Hypermutation, Immunol. Rev., 1998, vol. 162, pp. 5-11.
    • (1998) Immunol. Rev. , vol.162 , pp. 5-11
    • Storb, U.1
  • 43
    • 0002432214 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Origin and Evolution of the Vertebrate Immune System
    • Paul, W.E., Ed., Philadelphia-N-Y: Lippincott-Raven, 4th Ed.
    • Du Pasquier, L. and Flajnik, M., Origin and Evolution of the Vertebrate Immune System, Fundamental immunology, Paul, W.E., Ed., Philadelphia-N-Y: Lippincott-Raven, 4th Ed., 1998, pp. 605-650.
    • (1998) Fundamental Immunology , pp. 605-650
    • Du Pasquier, L.1    Flajnik, M.2
  • 44
    • 0026639979 scopus 로고
    • Hagfish Humoral Defense Protein Exhibits Structural and Functional Homology with Mammalian Complement Component
    • Hanley, P.J., Hook, J.W., Raftos, D.A., Gooley, A.A., Trent, R., and Raison, R.L., Hagfish Humoral Defense Protein Exhibits Structural and Functional Homology with Mammalian Complement Component, Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 1992, vol. 89, pp. 7910-7914.
    • (1992) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.89 , pp. 7910-7914
    • Hanley, P.J.1    Hook, J.W.2    Raftos, D.A.3    Gooley, A.A.4    Trent, R.5    Raison, R.L.6
  • 45
    • 0011646080 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Hagfish Immune System
    • Jorgensen, J.M., et al., Eds., London: Chapman & Hall
    • Raison, R.L., and Dos Remedies, N.J., The Hagfish Immune System, The Biology of Hagfish, Jorgensen, J.M., et al., Eds., London: Chapman & Hall, 1998, pp. 334-344.
    • (1998) The Biology of Hagfish , pp. 334-344
    • Raison, R.L.1    Dos Remedies, N.J.2
  • 46
    • 0027530499 scopus 로고
    • The Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (GALT) of Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)
    • Rombout, J.H., The Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (GALT) of Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.), Develop. Compar. Immunol., 1993, vol. 17, pp. 55-66.
    • (1993) Develop. Compar. Immunol. , vol.17 , pp. 55-66
    • Rombout, J.H.1
  • 47
    • 0031059490 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An Congenital View of γδT-Cells
    • Boismenu, R. and Havran, W.L., An Congenital View of γδT- Cells, Curr. Opin. Immunol., 1997, vol. 9, pp. 57-63.
    • (1997) Curr. Opin. Immunol. , vol.9 , pp. 57-63
    • Boismenu, R.1    Havran, W.L.2
  • 49
    • 0002185359 scopus 로고
    • Evolution of Lymphocyte Subpopulations, Their Interactions and Temperature Sensitivities
    • Warr, G. and Cohen, N., Eds., Boca Raton: CRC
    • Clem, L.W., Miller, N.W., and Bly, J.E., Evolution of Lymphocyte Subpopulations, Their Interactions and Temperature Sensitivities, Phylogenesis of Immune Functions, Warr, G. and Cohen, N., Eds., Boca Raton: CRC, 1991, pp. 191-213.
    • (1991) Phylogenesis of Immune Functions , pp. 191-213
    • Clem, L.W.1    Miller, N.W.2    Bly, J.E.3
  • 50
    • 0021752855 scopus 로고
    • Temperature-Mediated Processes in Teleost Immunity: Differential Effects of Temperature on Catfish in vitro Antibody Responses to Thymus-Dependent and Thymus-Independent Antigens
    • Miller, N.W. and Clem, L.W., Temperature-Mediated Processes in Teleost Immunity: Differential Effects of Temperature on Catfish in vitro Antibody Responses to Thymus-Dependent and Thymus-Independent Antigens, J. Immunol., 1984, vol. 133, pp. 2356-2359.
    • (1984) J. Immunol. , vol.133 , pp. 2356-2359
    • Miller, N.W.1    Clem, L.W.2
  • 51
    • 0344094417 scopus 로고
    • Antigen Processing and Presentation in Teleost Immune Responses
    • Vallejo, A.N., Miller, N.W., and Clem, L.W., Antigen Processing and Presentation in Teleost Immune Responses, Annu. Rev. Fish. Dis., 1992, vol. 2, pp. 73-89.
    • (1992) Annu. Rev. Fish. Dis. , vol.2 , pp. 73-89
    • Vallejo, A.N.1    Miller, N.W.2    Clem, L.W.3
  • 52
    • 0023722584 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Production of a Macrophage-Activating Factor from Rainbow Trout Salmo gairdneri Leukocytes
    • Graham, S. and Secombes, C.J., The Production of a Macrophage-Activating Factor from Rainbow Trout Salmo gairdneri Leukocytes, Immunology, vol. 65, pp. 293-297.
    • Immunology , vol.65 , pp. 293-297
    • Graham, S.1    Secombes, C.J.2
  • 53
    • 0026280624 scopus 로고
    • Phylogeny of Immune Recognition: Processing and Presentation of Structurally Defined Antigens
    • Vallejo, A.N., Miller, N.W., and Clem, L.W., Phylogeny of Immune Recognition: Processing and Presentation of Structurally Defined Antigens, Develop. Immunol., 1991, vol. 1, pp. 137-148.
    • (1991) Develop. Immunol. , vol.1 , pp. 137-148
    • Vallejo, A.N.1    Miller, N.W.2    Clem, L.W.3
  • 54
    • 0030722997 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular Origins and Evolution of Immunoglobulin Heavy-Chain Genes of Jawed Vertebrates
    • Schluter, S.F., Bernstein, R.M., and Marchalonis, J.J., Molecular Origins and Evolution of Immunoglobulin Heavy-Chain Genes of Jawed Vertebrates, Immunol. Today, 1997, vol. 18, pp. 543-549.
    • (1997) Immunol. Today , vol.18 , pp. 543-549
    • Schluter, S.F.1    Bernstein, R.M.2    Marchalonis, J.J.3
  • 55
    • 0028883604 scopus 로고
    • Natural Autoantibodies: The Other Side of the Immune System
    • Avrameas, S. and Ternynck, T., Natural Autoantibodies: the Other Side of the Immune System, Res. Immunol., 1995, vol. 146, pp. 235-248.
    • (1995) Res. Immunol. , vol.146 , pp. 235-248
    • Avrameas, S.1    Ternynck, T.2
  • 56
    • 0002944476 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunology of Fishes
    • Pastoret, P.P., et al., Eds., Acad.
    • Press, C.McL., Immunology of Fishes, Handbook of Vertebrate Immunology, Pastoret, P.P., et al., Eds., Acad., 1998, pp. 3-62.
    • (1998) Handbook of Vertebrate Immunology , pp. 3-62
    • Press, C.McL.1
  • 57
    • 0025914909 scopus 로고
    • Histological Organization of the Spleen: Implications for Immune Functions in Amphibians
    • Manning, M.J., Histological Organization of the Spleen: Implications for Immune Functions in Amphibians, Res. Immunol., 1991, vol. 142, pp. 355-359.
    • (1991) Res. Immunol. , vol.142 , pp. 355-359
    • Manning, M.J.1
  • 58
    • 0027179681 scopus 로고
    • Characterization and Expression of Recombination Activating Genes (RAG-1 and RAG-2) in Xenopus laevis
    • Greenhalgh, P., Olesen, C.E., and Steiner, L.A., Characterization and Expression of Recombination Activating Genes (RAG-1 and RAG-2) in Xenopus laevis, J. Immunol., 1993, vol. 151, pp. 3100-3110.
    • (1993) J. Immunol. , vol.151 , pp. 3100-3110
    • Greenhalgh, P.1    Olesen, C.E.2    Steiner, L.A.3
  • 59
    • 0022377513 scopus 로고
    • Cell Surface Marker of Thymus Dependent Lymphocytes in Xenopus laevis Is Identifiable by Mouse Monoclonal Antibody
    • Nagata, S.A., Cell Surface Marker of Thymus Dependent Lymphocytes in Xenopus laevis Is Identifiable by Mouse Monoclonal Antibody, Eur. J. Immunol., 1985, vol. 15, pp. 837-841.
    • (1985) Eur. J. Immunol. , vol.15 , pp. 837-841
    • Nagata, S.A.1
  • 62
    • 0028811073 scopus 로고
    • Somatic Mutations during an Immune Response in Xenopus tadpoles
    • Wilson, M., Marcuz, A., and Du Pasquier, L., Somatic Mutations during an Immune Response in Xenopus tadpoles, Dev. Immunol., 1995, vol. 4, pp. 227-234.
    • (1995) Dev. Immunol. , vol.4 , pp. 227-234
    • Wilson, M.1    Marcuz, A.2    Du Pasquier, L.3
  • 63
    • 0003154283 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Avian Immunology
    • Pastoret, P.P., et al., Eds., Acad.
    • Sharma, J.M., Avian Immunology, Handbook of Vertebrate Immunology, Pastoret, P.P., et al., Eds., Acad., 1998, pp. 73-136.
    • (1998) Handbook of Vertebrate Immunology , pp. 73-136
    • Sharma, J.M.1
  • 64
    • 1442264967 scopus 로고
    • RES Structure and Function of the Aves
    • Cochen, N. and Sigel, M.M., Eds., New York: Plenum
    • Click, B., RES Structure and Function of the Aves, The Reticuloendothelial System, Cochen, N. and Sigel, M.M., Eds., New York: Plenum, 1983, vol. 3, pp. 509-540.
    • (1983) The Reticuloendothelial System , vol.3 , pp. 509-540
    • Click, B.1
  • 65
    • 0022609492 scopus 로고
    • The Microenvironment of T and B Lymphocyte Differentiation in Avian Embryos
    • Le Douarin, N., The Microenvironment of T and B Lymphocyte Differentiation in Avian Embryos, Curr. Top. Dev. Biol., 1986, vol. 20, pp. 291-313.
    • (1986) Curr. Top. Dev. Biol. , vol.20 , pp. 291-313
    • Le Douarin, N.1
  • 66
    • 0029155781 scopus 로고
    • IgY: Clues to Modern Antibodies
    • Warr, G.W., Magor, K.E., and Higgins, D.A., IgY: Clues to Modern Antibodies, Immunol. Today, 1995, vol. 16, pp. 392-398.
    • (1995) Immunol. Today , vol.16 , pp. 392-398
    • Warr, G.W.1    Magor, K.E.2    Higgins, D.A.3
  • 67
    • 0017361059 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the Microenvironment of Chicken and Rabbit Antibody Active Site
    • Voss, E.W. and Watt, R.H., Comparison of the Microenvironment of Chicken and Rabbit Antibody Active Site, Adv. Exp. Med. Biol., 1977, vol. 88, pp. 391-401.
    • (1977) Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. , vol.88 , pp. 391-401
    • Voss, E.W.1    Watt, R.H.2
  • 68
    • 0028791929 scopus 로고
    • Involvement of B1 Cells in Mucosal Immunity and Autoimmunity
    • Murakami, M. and Honjo, T., Involvement of B1 Cells in Mucosal Immunity and Autoimmunity, Immunol. Today, 1995, vol. 16, pp. 534-539.
    • (1995) Immunol. Today , vol.16 , pp. 534-539
    • Murakami, M.1    Honjo, T.2
  • 69
    • 0030666222 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Congenital Immunity: The Virtues of Nonclonal System of Recognition
    • Medzhitov, R. and Janeway, C.A., Jr., Congenital Immunity: the Virtues of Nonclonal System of Recognition, Cell, vol. 91, pp. 295-298.
    • Cell , vol.91 , pp. 295-298
    • Medzhitov, R.1    Janeway Jr., C.A.2
  • 70
    • 0026791975 scopus 로고
    • The Immune System Evolved to Discriminate Infectious Nonself from Noninfectious Self
    • Janeway, C.A., Jr., The Immune System Evolved to Discriminate Infectious Nonself from Noninfectious Self, Immunol. Today, 1992, vol. 13, pp. 11-16.
    • (1992) Immunol. Today , vol.13 , pp. 11-16
    • Janeway Jr., C.A.1
  • 71
    • 0032722739 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Invertebrates Versus Vertebrates Congenital Immunity: In the Light of Evolution
    • Rinkevich, B., Invertebrates Versus Vertebrates Congenital Immunity: In the Light of Evolution, Scand. J. Immunol., 1999, vol. 50, pp. 456-460.
    • (1999) Scand. J. Immunol. , vol.50 , pp. 456-460
    • Rinkevich, B.1
  • 72
    • 0026658840 scopus 로고
    • Immunoglobulins Did not Arise in Evolution to Fight Infection
    • Stewart, J., Immunoglobulins Did not Arise in Evolution to Fight Infection, Immunol. Today, 1992, vol. 13, pp. 396-399.
    • (1992) Immunol. Today , vol.13 , pp. 396-399
    • Stewart, J.1
  • 73
    • 0033834144 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New Insights into Symbiotic Associations between Ants and Bacteria
    • Boursaux, E.C. and Gross, R., New Insights into Symbiotic Associations between Ants and Bacteria, Res. Microbiol., 2000, vol. 151, pp. 513-519.
    • (2000) Res. Microbiol. , vol.151 , pp. 513-519
    • Boursaux, E.C.1    Gross, R.2
  • 74
    • 0032699956 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phylogenetic Relationships of Symbiotic Spirochetes in the Gut of Diverse Termites
    • Ohkuma, M., Iida, T., and Kudo, T., Phylogenetic Relationships of Symbiotic Spirochetes in the Gut of Diverse Termites, FEMS Microbiol. Lett., 1999, vol. 181, pp. 123-129.
    • (1999) FEMS Microbiol. Lett. , vol.181 , pp. 123-129
    • Ohkuma, M.1    Iida, T.2    Kudo, T.3
  • 75
    • 0034769835 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Community of Ants, Fungi, and Bacteria: A Multilateral Approach to Studying Symbiosis
    • Currie, C.R., A Community of Ants, Fungi, and Bacteria: A Multilateral Approach to Studying Symbiosis, Annu. Rev. Microbiol., 2001, vol. 55, pp. 357-380.
    • (2001) Annu. Rev. Microbiol. , vol.55 , pp. 357-380
    • Currie, C.R.1
  • 76
    • 0142029308 scopus 로고
    • Subtype of Tunicata or Urochordata (Tunicata seu Urochordata)
    • Moscow
    • Vinogradova, N.G., Subtype of Tunicata or Urochordata (Tunicata seu Urochordata), Zhizn'zhivotnykh (Life of Animals), Moscow, 1988, vol. 2, pp. 256-285.
    • (1988) Zhizn'zhivotnykh (Life of Animals) , vol.2 , pp. 256-285
    • Vinogradova, N.G.1
  • 78
    • 0033171018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Euprymna Scolopes-Vibrio Fischeri Symbiosis: A Biomedical Model for the Study of Bacterial Colonization of Animal Tissue
    • Ruby, E.G.J., The Euprymna Scolopes-Vibrio Fischeri Symbiosis: A Biomedical Model for the Study of Bacterial Colonization of Animal Tissue, Mol. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 1999, vol. 1, pp. 13-21.
    • (1999) Mol. Microbiol. Biotechnol. , vol.1 , pp. 13-21
    • Ruby, E.G.J.1
  • 79
    • 0034730156 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Establishment of an Animal-Bacterial Association: Recruiting Symbiotic Vibrios from the Environment
    • Nyholm, S.V., Stabb, E.V., Ruby, E.G., and McFall Ngai, M.J., Establishment of an Animal-Bacterial Association: Recruiting Symbiotic Vibrios from the Environment, Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 2000, vol. 97, pp. 10231-10235.
    • (2000) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.97 , pp. 10231-10235
    • Nyholm, S.V.1    Stabb, E.V.2    Ruby, E.G.3    McFall Ngai, M.J.4
  • 80
    • 0020603408 scopus 로고
    • Development of Immunological Capacity under Germfree and Conventional Conditions
    • Tlaskalova-Hogenova, H., Sterzl, L., and Stepankova, R., Development of Immunological Capacity under Germfree and Conventional Conditions, Ann. New York. Acad. Sci., 1983, vol. 409, pp. 96-113.
    • (1983) Ann. New York. Acad. Sci. , vol.409 , pp. 96-113
    • Tlaskalova-Hogenova, H.1    Sterzl, L.2    Stepankova, R.3
  • 84
    • 0028971688 scopus 로고
    • The Origin of Synergistic Symbiosis
    • Frank, S.A., The Origin of Synergistic Symbiosis, J. Theor. Biol., 1995, vol. 176, pp. 403-410.
    • (1995) J. Theor. Biol. , vol.176 , pp. 403-410
    • Frank, S.A.1
  • 85
    • 0030035039 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Archaeal-Eubacterial Mergers in the Origin of Eukarya: Phylogenetic Classification of Life
    • Margulis, L., Archaeal-Eubacterial Mergers in the Origin of Eukarya: Phylogenetic Classification of Life, Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 1996, vol. 93, pp. 1071-1076.
    • (1996) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.93 , pp. 1071-1076
    • Margulis, L.1
  • 86
    • 0035843908 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genes Lost and Genes Found: Evolution of Bacterial Pathogenesis and Symbiosis
    • Ochman, H. and Moran, N.A., Genes Lost and Genes Found: Evolution of Bacterial Pathogenesis and Symbiosis, Science, 2001, vol. 292, pp. 1096-1099.
    • (2001) Science , vol.292 , pp. 1096-1099
    • Ochman, H.1    Moran, N.A.2
  • 87
    • 0033957196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Symbiosis and Pathogenesis: Evolution of the Microbe-Host Interaction
    • Steinert, M., Hentschel, U., and Hacker, J., Symbiosis and Pathogenesis: Evolution of the Microbe-Host Interaction, Naturwissenschaften, 2000, vol. 87, pp. 1-11.
    • (2000) Naturwissenschaften , vol.87 , pp. 1-11
    • Steinert, M.1    Hentschel, U.2    Hacker, J.3
  • 88
    • 0034185115 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecological and Medical Aspects of the Symbiosis of Human and Escherichia coli
    • Gritsenko, V.A. and Bukharin, Shch.V., Ecological and Medical Aspects of the Symbiosis of Human and Escherichia coli, J. Microbiol. Epidemiol. Immunobiol., 2000, pp. 92-99.
    • (2000) J. Microbiol. Epidemiol. Immunobiol. , pp. 92-99
    • Gritsenko, V.A.1    Bukharin, S.V.2
  • 89
    • 2042437650 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Initial Sequencing and Analysis of Human Genome
    • International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium. Initial Sequencing and Analysis of Human Genome, Nature, 2001, vol. 409, pp. 860-921.
    • (2001) Nature , vol.409 , pp. 860-921
  • 90
    • 0020977755 scopus 로고
    • Cellular Mechanisms of Immunologic Tolerance
    • Nossal, G., Cellular Mechanisms of Immunologic Tolerance, Annu. Rev. Immunol., 1983, vol. 1, pp. 33-62.
    • (1983) Annu. Rev. Immunol. , vol.1 , pp. 33-62
    • Nossal, G.1
  • 91
    • 0030959718 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thl-Type Immunity Is Incompatible with Successful Pregnancy
    • Raghupathy, R., Thl-Type Immunity Is Incompatible with Successful Pregnancy, Immunol. Today, 1997, vol. 18, pp. 478-482.
    • (1997) Immunol. Today , vol.18 , pp. 478-482
    • Raghupathy, R.1
  • 92
    • 85056986023 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunology of Human Implantation. From the Invertebrate Point of View
    • Rinkevich, B., Immunology of Human Implantation. From the Invertebrate Point of View, Human Reprod., 1998, vol. 13, pp. 101-105.
    • (1998) Human Reprod. , vol.13 , pp. 101-105
    • Rinkevich, B.1
  • 93
    • 0030034519 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Male Fetal Progenitor Cells Persist in Maternal Blood for as Long as 27 Years post partum
    • Bianchi, D.W., Male Fetal Progenitor Cells Persist in Maternal Blood for as Long as 27 Years post partum, Proc. Natl Acad.. Sci. USA, vol. 93, pp. 705-708.
    • Proc. Natl Acad.. Sci. USA , vol.93 , pp. 705-708
    • Bianchi, D.W.1
  • 94
    • 0032717523 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microchimerism of Maternal Origin Persists into Adult Life
    • Maloney, S., Microchimerism of Maternal Origin Persists into Adult Life, J. Clin. Invest., 1999, vol. 104, pp. 41-47.
    • (1999) J. Clin. Invest. , vol.104 , pp. 41-47
    • Maloney, S.1
  • 95
    • 0001328883 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Mucosal Immune System
    • Paul, W.E., Ed., Philadelphia, New York: Lippincott-Raven, 4th Ed.
    • McGhee, J.R. and Kiyono, H., The Mucosal Immune System, Fundamental Immunology, Paul, W.E., Ed., Philadelphia, New York: Lippincott-Raven, 4th Ed., 1998, pp. 909-945.
    • (1998) Fundamental Immunology , pp. 909-945
    • McGhee, J.R.1    Kiyono, H.2
  • 96
    • 0033958053 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral Tolerance: New Approaches, New Problems
    • Mayer, L., Oral Tolerance: New Approaches, New Problems, Clin. Immunol., 2001, vol. 94, pp. 1-8.
    • (2001) Clin. Immunol. , vol.94 , pp. 1-8
    • Mayer, L.1
  • 97
    • 0032189552 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Evolution of Self-Tolerance: A New Cells Arise to Meet the Challenge of Self-Reactivity
    • Fazekas de St-Groth, B., The Evolution of Self-Tolerance: A New Cells Arise to Meet the Challenge of Self-Reactivity, Immunol. Today, 1998, vol. 19, pp. 448-454.
    • (1998) Immunol. Today , vol.19 , pp. 448-454
    • Fazekas De St-Groth, B.1
  • 98
    • 0034031683 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Local Control of the Immune Response in the Liver
    • Knolle, P.A. and Gerken, G., Local Control of the Immune Response in the Liver, Immunol. Rev., 2000, vol. 174, pp. 21-34.
    • (2000) Immunol. Rev. , vol.174 , pp. 21-34
    • Knolle, P.A.1    Gerken, G.2
  • 99
    • 0028095633 scopus 로고
    • Differentiation as Symbiosis
    • Chigira, M. and Watanabe, H., Differentiation as Symbiosis, Med.. Hypotheses, 1994, vol. 43, pp. 17-18.
    • (1994) Med.. Hypotheses , vol.43 , pp. 17-18
    • Chigira, M.1    Watanabe, H.2
  • 100
    • 0031028073 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transplantation and Chimera as Extended Self
    • Chigira, M., Transplantation and Chimera as Extended Self, Med.. Hypotheses, 1997, vol. 48, pp. 63-69.
    • (1997) Med.. Hypotheses , vol.48 , pp. 63-69
    • Chigira, M.1
  • 101
    • 0002571943 scopus 로고
    • Immunocytochemical and Flow Cytometric Analysis of B-Cells and Plasma Cells in Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.): An Ontogenetic Study
    • van Koumans Diepen, J.C.E., Taverne-Thiele, J.J., van Rens, B.T.T.M., and Rombout, J.H.W.M., Immunocytochemical and Flow Cytometric Analysis of B-Cells and Plasma Cells in Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.): An Ontogenetic Study, Fish Shellfish. Immunol., 1994, vol. 4, pp. 19-28.
    • (1994) Fish Shellfish. Immunol. , vol.4 , pp. 19-28
    • Van Koumans Diepen, J.C.E.1    Taverne-Thiele, J.J.2    Van Rens, B.T.T.M.3    Rombout, J.H.W.M.4
  • 102
    • 0011628806 scopus 로고
    • Ontogenetic Aspects of Tolerance and Immunity in Carp and Rainbow Trout: Studies on the Role of the Thymus
    • Manning, M.J., Grace, M.F., and Secombes, C.J., Ontogenetic Aspects of Tolerance and Immunity in Carp and Rainbow Trout: Studies on the Role of the Thymus, Develop. Compar. Immunol., 1982, vol. 6, Suppl. 2, pp. 75-82.
    • (1982) Develop. Compar. Immunol. , vol.6 , Issue.2 SUPPL. , pp. 75-82
    • Manning, M.J.1    Grace, M.F.2    Secombes, C.J.3
  • 103
    • 0001074804 scopus 로고
    • Oral Vaccination of Juvenile Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.): And Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata) with Bioencapsulated Vibrio anguillarum Bacterin
    • Joosten, P.H.M., Alives-Trigueros, M., Sorgeloos, P., and Rombout, J.H.W.M., Oral Vaccination of Juvenile Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.): and Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata) with Bioencapsulated Vibrio anguillarum Bacterin, Fish Shellfish. Immunol., 1995, vol. 5, pp. 289-299.
    • (1995) Fish Shellfish. Immunol. , vol.5 , pp. 289-299
    • Joosten, P.H.M.1    Alives-Trigueros, M.2    Sorgeloos, P.3    Rombout, J.H.W.M.4
  • 105
    • 0345289069 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ontogeny of the Immune System in Anuran Amphibians
    • Cinader, B. and Miller, R.G., Eds.
    • Du Pasquier, L., Flajnik, M.F., Hsu, E., and Kaufman, J.F., Ontogeny of the Immune System in Anuran Amphibians, Progress in Immunology, Cinader, B. and Miller, R.G., Eds., vol. 6, pp. 1079-1088.
    • Progress in Immunology , vol.6 , pp. 1079-1088
    • Du Pasquier, L.1    Flajnik, M.F.2    Hsu, E.3    Kaufman, J.F.4
  • 106
    • 0023097125 scopus 로고
    • Changes in the Immune System during Metamorphosis of Xenopus
    • Flajnik, M.F., Hsu, E., Kaufman, J.F., and Du Pasquier, L., Changes in the Immune System during Metamorphosis of Xenopus, Immunol. Today, 1987, vol. 8, pp. 58-64.
    • (1987) Immunol. Today , vol.8 , pp. 58-64
    • Flajnik, M.F.1    Hsu, E.2    Kaufman, J.F.3    Du Pasquier, L.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.