Baroreceptor reflex pathways and neurotransmitters: 10 Years on

Journal of Hypertension

Volumn 20, Issue 9, 2002, Pages 1675-1688

  Pilowsky, Paul M ^a   Goodchild, Ann K ^a  

^a ROYAL NORTH SHORE HOSPITAL   (Australia)

Author keywords

Baroreceptor reflex; Caudal ventrolateral medulla; Nucleus tractus solitarius; Rostral ventrolateral medulla; Sympathetic

Indexed keywords

4 AMINOBUTYRIC ACID RECEPTOR; ANTIPARKINSON AGENT; CLONIDINE; IDAZOXAN; METHYLDOPA; N METHYL DEXTRO ASPARTIC ACID RECEPTOR; RILMENIDINE; SUBSTANCE P;

ADRENERGIC TRANSMISSION; ARTERIAL PRESSURE; BLOOD FLOW; BRAIN REGION; EXCITATION; GABAERGIC SYSTEM; HEART DISEASE; HEART HEMODYNAMICS; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; LUNG CIRCULATION; MEDULLA OBLONGATA; NEUROMODULATION; NEUROTRANSMISSION; NONHUMAN; PRESSORECEPTOR REFLEX; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN LOCALIZATION; REVIEW; SOLITARY TRACT NUCLEUS;

EID: 0036734231     PISSN: 02636352     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00004872-200209000-00002     Document Type: Review

References (229)

1. Brainstem and bulbospinal neurotransmitter systems in the control of blood pressure
2. Brain amines and models of experimental hypertension
3. Intracellular recording from sympathetic preganglionic neurons in cat lumbar spinal cord
4. Multiple messengers in descending serotonin neurons: Localization and functional implications
5. Correction of sickle cell disease in transgenic mouse models by gene therapy
6. Gene transfer of caicitonin gene-related peptide prevents vaso-constriction after subarachnoid hemorrhage
7. Gene therapy in vascular medicine: Recent advances and future perspectives
8. Gene transfer in the cardiovascular system: Update 2000
9. Immunohistochemical studies on phosphorylation of tyrosine hydroxylase in central catecholamine neurons using site- and phosphorylation state-specific antibodies
10. Activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 by depolarization stimulates tyrosine hydroxylase phosphorylation and dopamine synthesis in rat brain
11. Involvement of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase cascade for cocaine-rewarding properties
12. Adenoviral vector demonstrates that angiotensin II-induced depression of the cardiac barorefiex is mediated by endothelial nitric oxide synthase in the nucleus tractus solitarii of the rat
13. Role of AMPA/kainate receptors in transmission of the sympathetic baroreflex in rat CVLM
14. Effects of selective sinoaortic denervations on phenylephrine-induced activational responses in the nucleus of the solitary tract
15. Distribution of carotid sinus nerve afferent fibers to solitary tract nuclei of the cat using transganglionic transport of horseradish peroxidase
16. Medullary projections of rabbit carotid sinus nerve
17. Brainstem projections of aortic baroreceptor afferent fibers in the rat
18. Carotid sinus nerve projections to the brain stem in the cat
19. Brain stem projections of the glossopharyngeal nerve and its carotid sinus branch in the rat
20. Projections of the carotid sinus nerve to the nucleus of the solitary tract in the cat
21. Projections of the aortic nerve to the nucleus tractus solitarius in the rabbit
22. Chronic labile hypertension produced by lesions of the nucleus tractus solitarii in the cat
23. Baroreflex failure in a patient with central nervous system lesions involving the nucleus tractus solitarii
24. Lesions of the commissural nucleus of the solitary tract reduce arterial pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats
25. Response properties of baroreceptive NTS neurons
26. Responses of aortic depressor nerve-evoked neurones in rat nucleus of the solitary tract to changes in blood pressure
27. An ionic current model for neurons in the rat medial nucleus tractus solitarii receiving sensory afferent input
28. Electrophysiological characterisation of tachykinin receptors in the rat nucleus of the solitary tract and dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus in vitro
29. Characteristic firing behavior of cell types in the cardiorespiratory region of the nucleus tractus solitarii of the rat
30. Non-NMDA receptors mediate sensory afferent synaptic transmission in medial nucleus tractus solitarius
31. Cellular mechanisms of baroreceptor integration at the nucleus tractus sollitarius
32. Sympathoexcitatory influence of a fast conducting raphe-spinal pathway in the rat
33. Activation of mu-opioid receptors in rat ventrolateral medulla selectively blocks baroreceptor reflexes while activation of delta opioid receptors blocks somato-sympathetic reflexes
34. Rostral ventral medulla 5-HT1A receptors selectively inhibit the somatosympathetic reflex
35. Bulbospinal sympatho-excitatory neurons in the rat caudal raphe
36. Spinal GABA(A) receptors do not mediate the sympathetic baroreceptor reflex in the rat
37. Clonidine improves central attenuation of the baroreflex in spontaneously hypertensive rats
38. Neurotransmission of the cardiovascular reflexes in the nucleus tractus solitarii of awake rats
39. The aortic nerve-sympathetic reflex in the rat
40. Carotid and aortic chemoreceptor function in the rat
41. Aortic nerve stimulation in the rat: Cardiovascular and respiratory responses
42. Frequency response of renal sympathetic nervous activity to aortic depressor nerve stimulation in the anaesthetized rat
43. Carotid and aortic baroreflexes of the rat: I. Open-loop steady-state properties and blood pressure variability
44. A laser confocal microscopic study of vagal afferent innervation of rat aortic arch: Chemoreceptors as well as baroreceptors
45. Is the aortic depressor nerve involved in arterial chemoreflexes in rats?
46. Respiratory influences upon depressor and pressor responses to stimulation of the aortic nerve in the decerebrate cat
47. Naturalistic activation of barosensitive afferents release substance P in the nucleus tractus solitarius of the cat
48. Functional characterization of preganglionic neurons projecting in the lumbar spianchnic nerves; vasoconstrictor neurons
49. Baroreceptor inhibition of subretrofacial neurons: Evidence from intracellular recordings in the cat
50. Differential effects of an NMDA and a non-NMDA receptor antagonist on medullary lateral tegmental field neurons
51. Carotid baroreceptor reflexes in humans during orthostatic stress
52. Central volume expansion is pivotal for sustained decrease in heart rate during seated to supine posture change
53. Comparison of aortic and carotid baroreflex stimulus-response characteristics in humans
54. Differential frequency-dependent reflex integration of myelinated and nonmyelinated rat aortic baroreceptors
55. Graded and dynamic reflex summation of myelinated and unmyelinated rat aortic baroreceptors
56. Differential cotransmission in sympathetic nerves: Role of frequency of stimulation and prejunctional autoreceptors
57. Cotransmission from sympathetic vasoconstrictor neurons to small cutaneous arteries in vivo
58. Glutamatergic mechanisms in the nucleus tractus solitarius in blood pressure control
59. Glutamatergic transmission in the nucleus tractus solitarii: From server to peripherals in the cardiovascular information superhighway
60. L-glutamate as a neurotransmitter at baroreceptor afferents: Evidence from in vivo microdialysis
61. Neurochemical modulation of cardiovascular control in the nucleus tractus solitarius
62. Neurotransmission of autonomic components of aortic baroreceptor afferents in the NTS of awake rats
63. Differential roles for NMDA and non-NMDA receptor subtypes in baroreceptor afferent integration in the nucleus of the solitary tract of the rat
64. Differential roles of NMDA and non-NMDA receptors in synaptic responses of neurons in nucleus tractus solitarii of the rat
65. Frequency dependence of endocytosis in aortic baroreceptor neurons and role of group III mGluRs
66. Metabotropic glutamate receptors depress vagal and aortic baroreceptor signal transmission in the NTS
67. Evidence for a kynurenate-insensitive glutamate receptor in nucleus tractus solitarii
68. Is L-glutamate a neurotransmitter of baroreceptor information in the nucleus of the tractus solitarius?
69. Kynurenic acid microinjected into the nucleus tractus solitarius of rat blocks the arterial baroreflex but not responses to glutamate
70. Amino acid neurotransmitters in nucleus tractus solitarius: An in vivo microdialysis study
71. Neurochemical transmission of baroreceptor input in the nucleus tractus solitarius
72. Receptor subtype specific effects of GABA agonists on neurons receiving aortic depressor nerve inputs within the nucleus of the solitary tract
73. GABA receptor subtypes involved in the neuronal mechanisms of baroreceptor reflex in the nucleus tractus solitarii of rabbits
74. Tonic stimulation of GABAB receptors in the nucleus tractus solitarius modulates the baroreceptor reflex
75. GABA(A) receptor epsilon-subunit may confer benzodiazepine insensitivity to the caudal aspect of the nucleus tractus solitarii of the rat
76. Microinjection of S-nitrosocysteine into the nucleus tractus solitarii of conscious rats decreases arterial pressure but L-glutamate does not
77. Effects of nitric oxide on sympathetic baroreflex transmission in the nucleus tractus solitarii and caudal ventrolateral medulla in cats
78. Baroreceptor reflex modulation by angiotensin II at the nucleus tractus solitarii
79. Differential effects of angiotensin II on cardiorespiratory reflexes mediated by nucleus tractus solitarii - A microinjection study in the rat
80. Baroreflex inhibition of cardiac sympathetic outflow is attenuated by angiotensin II in the nucleus of the solitary tract
81. Purines and the nucleus tractus solitarius: Effects on cardiovascular and respiratory function
82. Effects of caffeine on baroreflex activity in humans
83. Modulatory effects of adenosine on baroreflex activation in the brainstem of normotensive rats
84. Stimulation of 5-HT2 receptors in the nucleus tractus solitarius enhances NMDA receptor-mediated reflex-evoked bradycardiac responses in the rat
85. Modulation of the aortic baroreceptor reflex by neuropeptide Y, neurotensin and vasopressin microinjected into the nucleus tractus solitarii of the rat
86. Depressor and bradycardic actions of L-proline injected into the nucleus tractus solitarii of anesthetized rats
87. Morphine microinjected into the nucleus tractus solitarius and rostral ventrolateral medullary nucleus enhances somatosympathetic A- and C-reflexes in anesthetized rats
88. Stimulation of alpha 2-adrenergic receptors in nucleus tractus solitarius is required for the baroreceptor reflex
89. Anandamide inhibits excitatory transmission to rat substantia gelatinosa neurones in a manner different from that of capsaicin
90. Modulation of the carotid baroreceptor reflex by substance P in the nucleus tractus solitarius
91. Baroreceptor reflexes in conscious guinea-pigs are unaffected by depletion of cardiovascular substance P nerves
92. Participation of noradrenergic neurotransmission in the enhancement of baroreceptor reflex response by substance P at the nucleus tractus solitarii of the rat: A reverse microdialysis study
93. Importance of neurokinin-1 receptors in the nucleus tractus solitarii of mice for the integration of cardiac vagal inputs
94. Comparison of cardiorespiratory reflexes in NK1 receptor knockout, heterozygous and wild-type mice in vivo
95. Functional organization of central pathways regulating the cardiovascular system
96. Central neurons and neurotransmitters in the control of blood pressure
97. Central control of blood pressure
98. Central neural organization and control of sympathetic nervous system in mammals
99. Evidence for an excitatory amino acid pathway in the brainstem and for its involvement in cardiovascular control
100. Ipsilateral but not contralateral blockade of excitatory amino acid receptors in the caudal ventrolateral medulla inhibits aortic baroreceptor reflex in rats
101. Anatomical evidence for a bi-neuronal pathway connecting the nucleus tractus solitarius to caudal ventrolateral medulla to rostral ventrolateral medulla in the rat
102. + channel blockade in the NTS alters efficacy of two cardiorespiratory reflexes in vive
103. Central nervous mechanisms contributing to cardiovascular control
104. c-fos identifies GABA-synthesizing barosensitive neurons in caudal ventrolateral medulla
105. Organization and transmitter specificity of medullary neurons activated by sustained hypertension: Implications for understanding baroreceptor reflex circuitry
106. Neurons in rabbit caudal ventrolateral medulla inhibit bulbospinal barosensitive neurons in rostral medulla
107. The caudal ventrolateral medulla is a source of tonic sympathoinhibition
108. Vasodepressor neurons in medulla alter cardiac contractility and cardiac output
109. Differentiation of two cardiovascular regions within caudal ventrolateral medulla
110. Baroreflex dependent and independent roles of the caudal ventrolateral medulla in cardiovascular regulation
111. Differential recruitment of hypothalamic neuroendocrine and ventrolateral medulla catecholamine cells by non-hypotensive and hypotensive hemorrhages
112. Central noradrenergic neurons signal via ATP to elicit vasopressin responses to haemorrhage
113. Rat vasopressin cell responses to simulated hemorrhage: Stimulus-dependent role for A1 noradrenergic neurons
114. Electrophysiological evidence that noradrenergic afferents selectively facilitate the activity of supraoptic vasopressin neurons
115. Medullary A1 noradrenergic neurones may mediate oxytocin release after noxious stimuli
116. Direct projections form catecholaminergic neurons in the caudal ventrolateral medulla to vasopressin-containing neurons in the supraoptic nucleus: A triple-labeling electron microscope study in the rat
117. Pre-Botzinger complex: A brainstem region that may generate respiratory rhythm in mammals
118. Good vibrations? Respiratory rhythms in the central control of blood pressure
119. NK1 receptor and the ventral medulla of the rat: Bulbospinal and catecholaminergic neurons
120. Firing patterns of pre-Botzinger and Botzinger neurons during hypocapnia in the adult rat
121. Alterations in respiratory neuronal activities in the medullary 'pre-Botzinger' region in hypocapnia
122. The pre-Botzinger complex and phase-spanning neurons in the adult rat
123. Respiratory inputs to central cardiovascular neurons
124. Identification of posterior cricoarytenoid motoneurons in the rat
125. An electrophysiological and morphological study of esophageal motoneurons in rats
126. Anatomy of medullary and peripheral autonomic neurons innervating the neonatal porcine heart
127. Synaptic and neurotransmitter activation of cardiac vagal neurons in the nucleus ambiguus
128. CNS innervation of posterior cricoarytenoid muscles: A transneuronal labeling study
129. Putative pathways involved in cardiovascular responses evoked from the caudal pressor area
130. Sympathoexcitatory CVLM neurons mediate responses to caudal pressor area stimulation
131. Tonic drive to sympathetic premotor neurons of rostral ventrolateral medulla from caudal pressor area neurons
132. Origin of tonic GABAergic inputs to vasopressor neurons in the subretrofacial nucleus of the rabbit
133. Depressor neurons in rabbit caudal medulla act via GABA receptors in rostral medulla
134. Disinhibition of the rostral ventral medulla increases blood pressure and Fos expression in bulbospinal neurons
135. Neurons in the barosensory area of the caudal ventrolateral medulla project monosynaptically on to sympathoexcitatory bulbospinal neurons in the rostral ventrolateral medulla
136. Monosynaptic connection from caudal to rostral ventrolateral medulla in the baroreceptor reflex pathway
137. The hypothalamus and hypertension
138. Cortical modulation of the cardiovascular system
139. Brain mediation of active and passive emotional coping
140. CNS cell groups regulating the sympathetic outflow to adrenal gland as revealed by transneuronal cell body labeling with pseudorabies virus
141. Transneuronal labeling of CNS neuropeptide and monoamine neurons after pseudorabies virus injections into the stellate ganglion
142. Criteria for intracellular identification of pre-sympathetic neurons in the rostral ventrolateral medulla in the rat
143. Properties of C1 and other ventrolateral medullary neurones with hypothalamic projections in the rat
144. Identification of C1 presympathetic neurons in rat rostral ventrolateral medulla by juxtacellular labeling in vivo
145. Bulbospinal C1-adrenergic neurons: Electrophysiological properties in the neonate rat
146. Role of ventrolateral medulla in vasomotor regulation: A correlative anatomical and physiological study
147. Evidence that adrenaline neurons in the rostral ventrolateral medulla have a vasopressor function
148. Role of adrenaline neurons of ventrolateral medulla (the C1 group) in the tonic and phasic control of arterial pressure
149. Tonic vasomotor control by the rostral ventrolateral medulla: Effect of electrical or chemical stimulation of the area containing C1 adrenaline neurons on arterial pressure, heart rate, and plasma catecholamines and vasopressin
150. C-fos expression in central neurons mediating the arterial baroreceptor reflex
151. Expression of Fos-like protein in brain following sustained hypertension and hypotension in conscious rabbits
152. Differences in the density of barosensitive neurons in the medulla of spontaneously hypertensive and Wistar-Kyoto rats
153. Directionally specific changes in arterial pressure induce differential patterns of fos expression in discrete areas of the rat brainstem: A double-labeling study for Fos and catecholamines
154. PNMT-containing neurons of the C1 cell group express c-fos in response to changes in baroreceptor input
155. A comparison of hypotensive and non-hypotensive hemorrhage on Fos expression in spinally projecting neurons of the paraventricular nucleus and rostral ventrolateral medulla
156. Different adrenal sympathetic preganglionic neurons regulate epinephrine and norepinephrine secretion
157. Differential chemoreceptor reflex responses of adrenal preganglionic neurons
158. Subgroups of hindbrain catecholamine neurons are selectively activated by 2-deoxy-D-glucose induced metabolic challenge
159. Preproenkephalin mRNA is expressed by C1 and non-C1 barosensitive bulbospinal neurons in the rostral ventrolateral medulla of the rat
160. Vesicular glutamate transporter DNPI/VGLUT2 is expressed by both C1 adrenergic and nonaminergic presympathetic vasomotor neurons of the rat medulla
161. Medullary-evoked EPSPs in neonatal rat sympathetic preganglionic neurones in vitro
162. Stimulation within the rostral ventrolateral medulla can evoke monosynaptic GABAergic IPSPs in sympathetic preganglionic neurons in vitro
163. Properties of interneurones in the intermediolateral cell column of the rat spinal cord: Role of the potassium channel subunit Kv3.1
164. Whole-cell recordings from visualized C1 adrenergic bulbospinal neurons: Ionic mechanisms underlying vasomotor tone
165. C1 neurons of neonatal rats: Intrinsic beating properties and alpha 2-adrenergic receptors
166. Tonic glutamate-mediated control of rostral ventrolateral medulla and sympathetic vasomotor tone
167. Sympathoinhibition after angiotensin receptor blockade in the rostral ventrolateral medulla is independent of glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors
168. Role of rostral ventrolateral medulla in centrally mediated pressor responses
169. Rostral ventrolateral medulla: A source of sympathetic activation in rats subjected to long-term treatment with L-NAME
170. Excitatory inputs to the RVLM in the context of the baroreceptor reflex
171. Evidence for a tonic GABA-ergic inhibition of excitatory respiratory-related afferents to presympathetic neurons in the rostral ventrolateral medulla
172. Regulation of sympathetic tone and arterial pressure by the rostral ventrolateral medulla after depletion of C1 cells in rats
173. Central inspiration increases barosensitivity of neurons in rat rostral ventrolateral medulla
174. Effect of bicuculline on thalamic activity: A direct blockade of IAHP in reticularis neurons
175. + current in rat medial preoptic neurons
176. Glutamate in spinally projecting neurons of the rostral ventral medulla
177. GABA- and glutamate-immunoreactive synapses on sympathetic preganglionic neurons projecting to the superior cervical ganglion
178. The one hundred percentage hypothesis: Glutamate or GABA in synapses on sympathetic preganglionic neurons
179. Differential expression of catecholamine biosynthetic enzymes in the rat ventrolateral medulla
180. Rostrocaudal differences in morphology and neurotransmitter content of cells in the subretrofacial vasomotor nucleus
181. Proenkephalin gene expression in the brainstem regulates post-exercise hypotension
182. Does substance P coexist with adrenaline in neurones of the rostral ventrolateral medulla in the rat?
183. Cardiovascular responses to combined microinjection of substance P and acetylcholine in the intermediolateral nucleus of the rat
184. Bulbospinal neuropeptide Y-immunoreactive neurons in the rat: Comparison with adrenaline-synthesising neurons
185. Location and electrophysiological characterization of rostral medullary adrenergic neurons that contain neuropeptide Y mRNA in rat medulla
186. Immunohistochemical study of catecholamine enzymes and neuropeptide Y (NPY) in the rostral ventrolateral medulla and bulbospinal projection
187. Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript peptide-immunoreactivity in adrenergic C1 neurons projecting to the intermediolateral cell column of the rat
188. Expression of preprogalanin mRNA following acute and chronic restraint stress in brains of normotensive and hypertensive rats
189. Calbindin-immunoreactive neurons in the reticular formation of the rat brainstem: Catecholamine content and spinal projections
190. Barosensitive and chemosensitive neurons in the rat medulla: A double labeling study with c-Fos/glutamate, GAD, PNMT and calbindin
191. Activation of GABAB receptors increases a potassium conductance in rat bulbospinal neurons of the C1 area
192. GABAB receptor-mediated mechanisms in the RVLM studied by micro-injections of two GABAB receptor antagonists
193. P2 receptors in the central and peripheral nervous systems modulating sympathetic vasomotor tone
194. Prototypical imidazoline-1 receptor ligand moxonidine activates alpha2-adrenoceptors in bulbospinal neurons of the RVL
195. + conductance in rat bulbospinal neurons of the C1 area
196. Blockade of angiotensin AT(1)-receptors in the rostral ventrolateral medulla of spontaneously hypertensive rats reduces blood pressure and sympathetic nerve discharge
197. Mu-opioid receptors are present in functionally identified sympathoexcitatory neurons in the rat rostral ventrolateral medulla
198. Neuronal inhibition by a GABAB receptor agonist in the rostral ventrolateral medulla of the rat
199. Sympathetic reflexes after depletion of bulbospinal catecholaminergic neurons with anti-DBH-saporin
200. Sympathoinhibition from ventrolateral periaqueductal gray mediated by 5-HT(1A) receptors in the RVLM
201. Further evidence that extracellular serotonin in the rostral ventrolateral medulla modulates 5-HT(1A) receptor-mediated attenuation of exercise pressor reflex
202. Delta opioid receptor immunoreactive boutons appose bulbospinal Cl neurons in the rat
203. Selective distribution of mu-opioid receptors in C1 adrenergic neurons and their afferents
204. Opioid signalling in the rat rostral ventrolateral medulla
205. The rostral ventrolateral medulla mediates the sympathoactivation produced by chemical stimulation of the rat nasal mucosa
206. Specific actions of cyanide on membrane potential and voltage-gated ion currents in rostral ventrolateral medulla neurons in rat brainstem slices
207. Expression of heme oxygenase in the oxygen-sensing regions of the rostral ventrolateral medulla
208. Imidazoline antihypertensive drugs: A critical review on their mechanism of action
209. Drugs acting on imidazoline receptors: A review of their pharmacology, their use in blood pressure control and their potential interest in cardioprotection
210. I1 receptors, cardiovascular function, and metabolism
211. Pharmacology of moxonidine: An I1-imidazoline receptor agonist
212. The I1-imidazoline-binding site is a functional receptor mediating vasodepression via the ventral medulla
213. Imidazoline receptor antisera-selected (IRAS) cDNA: Cloning and characterization
214. Central imidazoline- and alpha 2-receptors involved in the cardiovascular actions of centrally acting antihypertensive agents
215. Comparison of the baroreceptor-heart rate reflex effects of moxonidine, rilmenidine and clonidine in conscious rabbits
216. Is the hypotensive effect of clonidine and related drugs due to imidazoline binding sites?
217. Influence of sino-aortic barodenervation on the cardiovascular effects of imidazoline-like drugs
218. Hemodynamic changes induced by pulsatile compression of the ventrolateral medulla
219. Hypertension in patients with neurovascular compression is associated with increased central sympathetic outflow
220. The potent role of increased sympathetic tone in pathogenesis of essential hypertension with neurovascular compression
221. Vascular compression of the rostral ventrolateral medulla in sympathetic mediated essential hypertension
222. Sympathetic activation and contribution of genetic factors in hypertension with neurovascular compression of the rostral ventrolateral medulla
223. Decreases in blood pressure and sympathetic nerve activity by microvascular decompression of the rostral ventrolateral medulla in essential hypertension
224. Pressor response to pulsatile compression of the rostral ventrolateral medulla mediated by nitric oxide and c-fos expression
225. Pulsatile compression of the rostral ventrolateral medulla in hypertension
226. The role of MRI in screening for neurogenic hypertension
227. Long-term results after microvascular decompression in essential hypertension
228. Differential role of kinases in brain stem of hypertensive and normotensive rats