Effect of low-protein diets on growth performance and body composition of broiler chicks

Poultry Science

Volumn 81, Issue 8, 2002, Pages 1156-1167

  Bregendahl, K ^a,b   Sell, J L ^a   Zimmerman, D R ^a  

^a IOWA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF GUELPH   (Canada)

Author keywords

Body composition; Broiler chick; Crystalline amino acid; Growth performance; Low protein diet

Indexed keywords

GALLUS GALLUS; GLYCINE MAX; ZEA MAYS;

AMINO ACID; NITROGEN;

ANIMAL; ANIMAL FOOD; ARTICLE; BODY COMPOSITION; CALORIC INTAKE; CHICKEN; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; DIET; EATING; GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND AGING; MAIZE; MALE; METABOLISM; PHYSIOLOGY; PROTEIN RESTRICTION; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; SOYBEAN; WEIGHT GAIN;

AMINO ACIDS; ANIMAL NUTRITION PHYSIOLOGY; ANIMALS; BODY COMPOSITION; CHICKENS; DIET; DIET, PROTEIN-RESTRICTED; EATING; ENERGY INTAKE; MALE; NITROGEN; SOYBEANS; WEIGHT GAIN; ZEA MAYS;

EID: 0036673309     PISSN: 00325791     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/ps/81.8.1156     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (50)

1. Ahmad, S., C. W. White, L. Y. Chang, B. K. Schneider, and C. B. Allen. 2001. Glutamine protects mitochondrial structure and function in oxygen toxicity. Am. J. Physiol. 280:L779-L791.
2. Aletor, V. A., I. I. Hamid, E. Niess, and E. Pfeffer. 2000. Low-protein amino acid-supplemented diets in broiler chickens: Effects on performance, carcass characteristics, whole-body composition and efficiencies of nutrient utilisation. J. Sci. Food Agric. 80:547-554.
3. Association of Official Analytical Chemists. 1984. Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of Analytical Chemists. 14th ed. Association of Analytical Chemists, Washington, DC.
4. Barker, D. L., and J. L. Sell. 1994. Dietary carnitine did not influence performance and carcass composition of broiler chickens and young turkeys fed low- or high-far diets. Poult. Sci. 73:281-287.
5. Buchman, A. L. 1997. Glutamine: A conditionally required nutrient for the human intestine? Nutrition 13:240-241.
6. Canh, T. T., A. J. A. Aarnink, J. B. Schutte, A. Sutton, D. J. Langhout, and M. W. A. Verstegen. 1998. Dietary protein affects nitrogen excretion and ammonia emission from slurry of growing-finishing pigs. Livest. Prod. Sci. 56:181-191.
7. Chung, T. K., and D. H. Baker. 1992. Apparent and true amino acid digestibility of a crystalline amino acid mixture and of casein comparison of values obtained with ileal-cannulated pigs and cecectomized cockerels. J. Anim. Sci. 70:3781-3790.
8. Cynober, L. 1991. Ornithine α-ketoglutarate in nutritional support. Nutrition 7:313-322.
9. DeMarco, V., K. Dyess, C. M. West, and J. Neu. 1999. Inhibition of glutamine synthetase decreases proliferation of cultured rat intestinal epithelial cells. J. Nutr. 129:57-62.
10. Deschepper, K., and G. De Groote. 1995. Effect of dietary protein, essential and non-essential amino acids on the performance and carcase composition of male broiler chickens. Br. Poult. Sci. 36:229-245.
11. Edmonds, M. S., C. M. Parsons, and D. H. Baker. 1985. Limiting amino acids in low-protein corn-soybean meal diets fed to growing chicks. Poult. Sci. 64:1519-1526.
12. Fancher, B. I., and L. S. Jensen. 1989a. Dietary protein level and essential amino acid content: Influence upon female broiler performance during the grower period. Poult. Sci. 68:897-908.
13. Fancher, B. I., and L. S. Jensen. 1989b. Influence on performance of three to six-week-old broilers of varying dietary protein contents with supplementation of essential amino acid requirements. Poult. Sci. 68:113-123.
14. Fancher, B. I., and L. S. Jensen. 1989c. Male broiler performance during the starting and growing periods as affected by dietary protein, essential amino acids, and potassium levels. Poult. Sci. 68:1385-1395.
15. Ferguson, N. S., R. S. Gates, J. L. Taraba, A. H. Cantor, A. J. Pescatore, M. J. Ford, and D. J. Burnham. 1998. The effect of dietary crude protein on growth, ammonia concentration, and litter composition in broilers. Poult. Sci. 77:1481-1487.
16. Han, Y., H. Suzuki, C. M. Parsons, and D. H. Baker. 1992. Amino acid fortification of a low-protein corn and soybean meal diet for chicks. Poult. Sci. 71:1168-1178.
17. Hayashi, S.-I. 1989. Multiple mechanisms for the regulation of mammalian ornithine decarboxylase. Pages 35-45 in Ornithine Decarboxylase: Biology, Enzymology, and Molecular Genetics. S.-I. Hayashi, ed. Pergamon Pr., Oxford.
18. Heartland Lysine. 1998. Digestibility of Essential Amino Acids for Poultry and Swine. Version 3.51. Heartland Lysine, Chicago, IL.
19. Higashiguchi, T., P.-O. Hasselgren, K. Wagner, and J. E. Fischer. 1993. Effect of glutamine on protein synthesis in isolated intestinal epithelial cells. J. Parenter. Enteral Nutr. 17:307-314.
20. Izquierdo, O. A., C. M. Parsons, and D. H. Baker. 1988. Bioavailability of lysine in L-lysine-HCl. J. Anim. Sci. 66:2590-2597.
21. JMP. 2000. JMP User's Guide. Version 4.0.3. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC.
22. Kandil, H. M., R. A. Argenzio, W. Chen, H. M. Berschneider, A. D. Stiles, J. K. Westwick, R. A. Rippe, D. A. Brenner, and M. Rhoads. 1995. L-Glutamine and L-asparagine stimulate ODC activity and proliferation in a porcine jejunal enterocyte line. Am. J. Physiol. 269:G591-G599.
23. Kerr, B. J., and R. A. Easter. 1995. Effect of feeding reduced protein, amino acid-supplemented diets on nitrogen and energy balance in grower pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 73:3000-3008.
24. Kerr, B. J., F. K. McKeith, and R. A. Easter. 1995. Effect on performance and carcass characteristics of nursery to finisher pigs fed reduced crude protein, amino acid-supplemented diets. J. Anim. Sci. 73:433-440.
25. Knowles, T. A., L. L. Southern, T. D. Bidner, B. J. Kerr, and K. G. Friesen. 1998. Effect of dietary fiber or fat in low-crude protein, crystalline amino acid-supplemented diets for finishing pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 76:2818-2832.
26. Kornegay, E. T., and M. W. A. Verstegen. 2001. Swine nutrition and environmental pollution and odor control. Pages 609-630 in Swine Nutrition. 2nd ed. A. J. Lewis and L. L. Southern, ed. CRC Press LLC, Boca Raton, FL.
27. Lee, D. J. W., and R. Blair. 1972. Effects on chick growth of adding various non-protein nitrogen sources or dried autoclaved poultry manure to diets containing crystalline essential amino acids. Br. Poult. Sci. 13:243-249.
28. Leeson, S., J. D. Summers, and L. J. Caston. 2000. Net energy to improve pullet growth with low protein amino acid-fortified diets. J. Appl. Poult. Res. 9:384-392.
29. Lewis, A. J. 2001. Amino acids in swine nutrition. Pages 131-150 in Swine Nutrition. 2nd ed. A. J. Lewis and L. L. Southern, ed. CRC Press LLC, Boca Raton, FL.
30. Mavromichalis, I., and D. H. Baker. 2000. Effects of pelleting and storage of a complex nursery pig diet on lysine bioavailability. J. Anim. Sci. 78:341-347.
31. Minami, H., K.-I. Miyamoto, Y. Fujii, Y. Nakabou, and H. Hagihira. 1985. Induction of intestinal ornithine decarboxylase by single amino acid feeding. J. Biochem. 98:133-139.
32. Morris, T. R. 1999. Experimental Design and Analysis in Animal Sciences. CAB International, Oxon.
33. Morse, D. 1995. Environmental considerations of livestock producers. J. Anim. Sci. 73:2733-2740.
34. NRC. 1994. Nutrient Requirements of Poultry. 9th ed. National Academy Press, Washington, DC.
35. Pinchasov, Y., C. X. Mendonca, and L. S. Jensen. 1990. Broiler chick response to low protein diets supplemented with synthetic amino acids. Poult. Sci. 69:1950-1955.
36. Ray, R. M., M. J. Viar, T. B. Patel, and L. R. Johnson. 1999. Interaction of asparagine and EGF in the regulation of ornithine decarboxylase in IEC-6 cells. Am. J. Physiol. 276:G773-G780.
37. Rérat, A. A. 1985. Intestinal absorption of end products from digestion of carbohydrates and proteins in the pig. Arch. Tierernähr. 35:431-480.
38. Rérat, A., C. Simoes-Nuñes, F. Mendy, P. Vaissade, and P. Vaugelade. 1992. Splanchnic fluxes of amino acids after duodenal infusion of carbohydrate solutions containing free amino acids or oligopeptides in the non-anaesthetized pig. Br. J. Nutr. 68:111-138.
39. Rinehart, Jr., C. A., D. Viceps-Madore, W.-F. Fong, J. G. Ortiz, and E. S. Canellakis. 1985. The effect of transport system A and N amino acids and of nerve and epidermal growth factors on the induction of ornithine decarboxylase activity. J. Cell. Physiol. 123:435-441.
40. Sibbald, I. R., and M. S. Wolynetz. 1984. Variation among aliquots of entire chicken homogenates. Poult. Sci. 63:1446-1448.
41. Souba, W. W. 1991. Glutamine: A key substrate for the splanchnic bed. Annu. Rev. Nutr. 11:285-308.
42. Souba, W. W., K. Herskowitz, R. M. Salloum, M. K. Chen, and T. R. Austgen. 1990. Gut glutamine metabolism. J. Parenter. Enteral Nutr. 14:45S-50S.
43. StatView. 1999. StatView Reference. Version 5.0.1. SAS Institute, Cary, NC.
44. Stoll, B., J. Henry, P. J. Reeds, H. Yu, F. Jahoor, and D. G. Burrin. 1998. Catabolism dominates the first-pass intestinal metabolism of dietary essential amino acids in milk protein-fed piglets. J. Nutr. 128:606-614.
45. Tuitoek, J. K., L. G. Young, C. F. M. de Lange, and B. J. Kerr. 1997. The effect of reducing excess dietary amino acids on growing-finishing pig performance: An evaluation of the ideal protein concept. J. Anim. Sci. 75:1575-1583.
46. Waldroup, P. W. 2000. Feeding programs for broilers: The challenge of low protein diets. Pages 119-134 in Proceedings of the Maryland Nutrition Conference for Feed Manufacturers. University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD.
47. Wang, J. Y., J. Li, A. R. Patel, S. Summers, L. Li, and B. L. Bass. 1998. Synergistic induction of ornithine decarboxylase by asparagine and gut peptides in intestinal crypt cells. Am. J. Physiol. 274:C1476-C1484.
48. Wang, J.-Y., M. J. Viar, P. M. Blanner, and L. R. Johnson. 1996. Expression of the ornithine decarboxylase gene in response to asparagine in intestinal epithelial cells. Am. J. Physiol. 271:G164-G171.
49. Windmueller, H. G., and A. E. Spaeth. 1975. Intestinal metabolism of glutamine and glutamate from the lumen as compared to glutamine from blood. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 171: 662-672.
50. Wu, G., S. A. Meier, and D. A. Knabe. 1996. Dietary glutamine supplementation prevents jejunal atrophy in weaned pigs. J. Nutr. 126:2578-2584.