Quantitation of simian cytokine and β-chemokine mRNAs, using real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction: Variations in expression during chronic primate lentivirus infection

AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses

Volumn 18, Issue 9, 2002, Pages 627-639

  Hofmann Lehmann, Regina ^a,b   Williams, Alison L ^b   Swenerton, Ryan K ^b   Li, Pei Lin ^b,c   Rasmussen, Robert A ^c   Chenine, Agnès Laurence ^c   McClure, Harold M ^d   Ruprecht, Ruth M ^c  

^a HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

^b DANA FARBER CANCER INSTITUTE   (United States)

^c Emory University ^*

^d EMORY UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BETA CHEMOKINE; CD4 ANTIGEN; CYTOKINE; GAMMA INTERFERON; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS VACCINE; INTERLEUKIN 10; INTERLEUKIN 12; INTERLEUKIN 2; INTERLEUKIN 4; INTERLEUKIN 6; MACROPHAGE INFLAMMATORY PROTEIN 1ALPHA; MACROPHAGE INFLAMMATORY PROTEIN 1BETA; MESSENGER RNA; PROTEIN P40; RANTES; RNA; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA;

ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME; ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; GENE EXPRESSION; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS 1; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; IMMUNOASSAY; IMMUNOCHEMISTRY; LYMPH NODE; LYMPHOCYTE COUNT; MONONUCLEAR CELL; NONHUMAN; NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS; REAL TIME REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; RETROVIRUS INFECTION; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; RHESUS MONKEY; RNA ANALYSIS; SIMIAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; VIREMIA; VIRUS LOAD; VIRUS PATHOGENESIS;

ANIMALS; CD4 LYMPHOCYTE COUNT; CHEMOKINES, CC; CYTOKINES; DISEASE PROGRESSION; GENE EXPRESSION; INTERLEUKIN-10; LENTIVIRUSES, PRIMATE; LEUKOCYTES, MONONUCLEAR; LYMPH NODES; MACACA MULATTA; MACROPHAGE INFLAMMATORY PROTEIN-1; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; RNA, MESSENGER; SIMIAN ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME; VIRAL LOAD;

EID: 0036435547     PISSN: 08892229     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1089/088922202760019329     Document Type: Article

References (85)

1. Levy JA: The value of primate models for studying human immunodeficiency virus pathogenesis. J Med Primatol 1996;25:163-174.
2. Overbaugh J, Luciw PA, and Hoover EA: Models for AIDS pathogenesis: Simian immunodeficiency virus, simian-human immunodeficiency virus and feline immunodeficiency virus infections. AIDS 1997;11:S47-S54.
3. Almond NM and Heeney JL: AIDS vaccine development in primate models. AIDS 1998;12:S133-S140.
4. Letvin NL: Animal models for the study of human immunodeficiency virus infections. Curr Opin Immunol 1992;4:481-485.
5. Letvin NL and King NW: Immunologic and pathologic manifestations of infection of rhesus monkeys with simian immunodeficiency virus of macaques. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 1990;3:1023-1040.
6. Fantuzzi L, Conti L, Gauzzi MC, Eid P, Del Corno M, Varano B, Canini I, Belardelli F, and Gessani S: Regulation of chemokine/cytokine network during in vitro differentiation and HIV-1 infection of human monocytes: Possible importance in the pathogenesis of AIDS. J Leukoc Biol 2000;68:391-399.
7. Alfano M and Poli G: Cytokine and chemokine based control of HIV infection and replication. Curr Pharm Des 2001;7:993-1013.
8. β as the major HIV-suppressive factors produced by CD8+ T cells. Science 1995;270:1811-1815.
9. Clerici M and Shearer GM: A TH1 → TH2 switch is a critical step in the etiology of HIV infection. Immunol Today 1993;14:107-111.
10. Fauci AS: Host factors and the pathogenesis of HIV-induced disease. Nature 1996;384:529-534.
11. Ndolo T, Rheinhardt J, Zaragoza M, Smit-McBride Z, and Dandekar S: Alterations in RANTES gene expression and T-cell prevalence in intestinal mucosa during pathogenic or nonpathogenic simian immunodeficiency vires infection. Virology 1992;259:110-118.
12. Villinger F, Brar SS, Mayne A, Chikkala N, and Ansari AA: Comparative sequence analysis of cytokine genes from human and non-human primates. J Immunol 1995;155:3946-3954.
13. Villinger F, Hunt D, Mayne A, Vuchetich M, Findley H, and Ansari AA: Qualitative and quantitative studies of cytokines synthesized and secreted by non-human primate peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Cytokine 1993;5:469-479.
14. Benveniste O, Martin M, Villinger F, and Dormont D: Techniques for quantification of cytokine mRNAs. Cytokines Cell Mol Ther 1998;4:207-214.
15. Gibson UE, Heid CA, and Williams PM: A novel method for real time quantitative RT-PCR. Genome Res 1996;6:995-1001.
16. Heid CA, Stevens J, Livak KJ, and Williams PM: Real time quantitative PCR. Genome Res 1996;6:986-994.
17. Livak KJ, Flood SJA, Marmaro J, Giusti W, and Deetz K: Oligonucleotides with fluorescent dyes at opposite ends provide a quenched probe system useful for detecting PCR product and nucleic acid hybridization. PCR Methods Appl 1995;4:357-362.
18. Arnold BA, Hepler RW, and Keller PM: One-step fluorescent probe product-enhanced reverse transcriptase assay. BioTechniques 1998;25:98-106.
19. Klein D, Janda P, Steinborn R, Muller M, Salmons B, and Gunzburg WH: Proviral load determination of different feline immunodeficiency virus isolates using real-time polymerase chain reaction: Influence of mismatches on quantification. Electrophoresis 1999;20:291-299.
20. Vet JA, Majithia AR, Marras SA, Tyagi S, Dube S, Poiesz BJ, and Kramer FR: Multiplex detection of four pathogenic retroviruses using molecular beacons. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1999;96:6394-6399.
21. Lewin SR, Vesanen M, Kostrikis L, Hurley A, Duran M, Zhang L, Ho DD, and Markowitz M: Use of real-time PCR and molecular beacons to detect virus replication in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected individuals on prolonged effective antiretroviral therapy. J Virol 1999;73:6099-6103.
22. Leutenegger CM, Klein D, Hofmann-Lehmann R, Mislin C, Hummel U, Boni J, Boretti F, Guenzburg WH, and Lutz H: Rapid feline immunodeficiency virus provims quantitation by polymerase chain reaction using the TaqMan fluorogenic real-time detection system. J Virol 1999;78:105-116.
23. Hofmann-Lehmann R, Swenerton RK, Liska V, Leutenegger CM, Lutz H, McClure HM, and Ruprecht RM: Sensitive and robust one-tube real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction to quantify SIV RNA load: Comparison of one- vs. two-enzyme systems. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2000;16:1247-1257.
24. Härtel C, Bein G, Kirchner H, and Kluter H: A human whole-blood assay for analysis of T-cell function by quantification of cytokine mRNA. Scand J Immunol 1999;49:649-654.
25. Kammula US, Lee KH, Riker AI, Wang E, Ohnmacht GA, Rosenberg SA, and Marincola FM: Functional analysis of antigen-specific T lymphocytes by serial measurement of gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and tumor specimens. J Immunol 1999;163:6867-6875.
26. Leutenegger CM, von Rechenberg B, Huder JB, Zlinsky K, Mislin C, Akens MK, Auer J, and Lutz H: Quantitative real-time PCR for equine cytokine mRNA in nondecalcified bone tissue embedded in methyl methacrylate. Calcif Tissue Int 1999;65:378-383.
27. Leutenegger CM, Mislin CN, Sigrist B, Ehrengruber MU, Hofmann-Lehmann R, and Lutz H: Quantitative real-time PCR for the measurement of feline cytokine mRNA. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 1999;71:291-305.
28. Kruse N, Pette M, Toyka K, and Rieckmann P: Quantification of cytokine mRNA expression by RT PCR in samples of previously frozen blood. J Immunol Methods 1997;210:195-203.
29. Overbergh L, Valckx D, Waer M, and Mathieu C: Quantification of murine cytokine mRNAs using real time quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR. Cytokine 1999;11:305-312.
30. Villinger F, Brice GT, Mayne A, Bostik P, and Ansari AA: Control mechanisms of virus replication in naturally SIVsmm infected mangabeys and experimentally infected macaques. Immunol Lett 1999;66:37-46.
31. Holland PM, Abramson RD, Watson R, and Gelfand DH: Detection of specific polymerase chain reaction product by utilizing the 5, → 3, exonuclease activity of Thermus aquaticus DNA polymerase. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1991;88:7276-7280.
32. Lyamichev V, Brow MAD, and Dahlberg JE: Structure-specific endonucleolytic cleavage of nucleic acids by eubacterial DNA polymerases. Science 1993;260:778-783.
33. F6rster VT: Zwischenmolekulare energiewanderung und fluoreszenz. Ann Phys 1948;2:55-75.
34. Preall J: http://realtime.nwu.edu/data/RiboGreen.html (2000).
35. Kuroda MJ, Schmitz JE, Barouch DH, Craiu A, Allen TM, Sette A, Watkins DI, Forman MA, and Letvin NL: Analysis of Gag-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in simian immunodeficiency virus-infected rhesus monkeys by cell staining with a tetrameric major histocompatibility complex class I-peptide complex. J Exp Med 1998;187:1373-1381.
36. Liska V, Fultz PN, Su L, and Ruprecht RM: Detection of simian T cell leukemia virus type I infection in seronegative macaques. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 1997;13:1147-1153.
37. Liska V, Lerche NW, and Ruprecht RM: Simultaneous detection of simian retrovirus type D serotypes 1, 2, and 3 by polymerase chain reaction. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 1997;13:433-437.
38. PE applied biosystems: Relative quantitation of gene expression. User Bulletin ABI PRISM 7700 Sequence Detection System 1997;2:11-15.
39. Kwofie TB, Haga T, Iida T, Hayami M, and Miura T: Cytokine kinetics in the plasma of monkeys infected with pathogenic and nonpathogenic simian and human immunodeficiency chimeric viruses at an early stage of infection. Microbiol Immunol 2001;45:399-402.
40. Hofmann-Lehmann R, Vlasak J, Rasmussen RA, Smith BA, Baba TW, Liska V, Ferrantelli F, Montefiori DC, McClure HM, Anderson DC, Bernacky B J, Rizvi TA, Schmidt R, Hill LR, Keeling ME, Katinger H, Stiegler G, Cavacini LA, Posner MR, Chou TC, Andersen J, and Ruprecht RM: Postnatal passive immunization of neonatal macaques with a triple combination of human monoclonal antibodies against oral simian-human immunodeficiency virus challenge. J Virol 2001;75:7470-7480.
41. Wyand MS, Manson K, Montefiori DC, Lifson JD, Johnson RP, and Desrosiers RC: Protection by live, attenuated simian immunodeficiency virus against heterologous challenge. J Virol 1999;73:8356-8363.
42. Baba TW, Liska V, Khimani AH, Ray NB, Dailey PJ, Penninck D, Bronson R, Greene MF, McClure HM, Martin LN, and Ruprecht RM: Live attenuated, multiply deleted simian immunodeficiency virus causes AIDS in infant and adult macaques. Nat Med 1999;5:194-203.
43. Hofmann-Lehmann R, Vlasak J, Chenine A-L, Li P-L, Baba TW, Montefiori DC, McClure HM, Anderson DC, and Ruprecht RM: Molecular evolution of HIV env in man and monkeys: Similar patterns occur during natural disease progression or rapid virus passage. J Virol 2002;76:5278-5284.
44. Del Prete G and Romagnani S: The role of TH1 and TH2 subsets in human infectious diseases. Trends Microbiol 1994;2:4-6.
45. β), in innate and adaptive immune responses to viral infections. Semin Immunol 1998;10:383-390.
46. Rottman JB: Key role of chemokines and chemokine receptors in inflammation, immunity, neoplasia, and infectious disease. Vet Pathol 1999;36:357-367.
47. Davison BB, Cogswell FB, Baskin GB, Falkenstein KP, Henson EW, Tarantal AF, and Krogstad DJ: Plasmodium coatneyi in the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) as a model of malaria in pregnancy. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1998;59:189-201.
48. Moghaddam A, Rosenzweig M, Lee-Parritz D, Annis B, Johnson RP, and Wang F: An animal model for acute and persistent Epstein-Barr virus infection. Science 1997;276:2030-2033.
49. Zhu YD, Heath J, Collins J, Greene T, Antipa L, Rota P, Bellini W, and McChesney M: Experimental measles. II. Infection and immunity in the rhesus macaque. Virology 1997;233:85-92.
50. Matz-Rensing K, Kunz E, Kraft C, Lorenzen D, Suerbaum S, and Kaup FJ: Experimental Helicobacter pylori infection of rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). Int J Med Microbiol 2001;291:33-43.
51. Campos-Neto A, Porrozzi R, Greeson K, Coler RN, Webb JR, Seiky YA, Reed SG, and Grimaldi G Jr: Protection against cutaneous leishmaniasis induced by recombinant antigens in murine and nonhuman primate models of the human disease. Infect Immun 2001;69:4103-4108.
52. Yang C, Xiao L, Tongren JE, Sullivan J, Lal AA, and Collins WE: Cytokine production in rhesus monkeys infected with Plasmodium coatneyi. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1999;61:226-229.
53. Foley JE, Lerche NW, Dumler JS, and Madigan JE: A simian model of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1999;60:987-993.
54. Graziosi C, Pantaleo G, and Fauci AS: Comparative analysis of constitutive cytokine expression in peripheral blood and lymph nodes of HIV-infected individuals. Res Immunol 1994;145:602-605.
55. Rosenberg YJ, Lewis MG, Villinger F, and Ansari AA: Cytokines and simian immunodeficiency virus infections. Res Immunol 1994;145:706-712.
56. Gougeon ML, Laurent-Crawford AG, Hovanessian AG, and Montagnier L: Direct and indirect mechanisms mediating apoptosis during HIV infection: Contribution to in vivo CD4 T cell depletion. Semin Immunol 1993;5:187-194.
57. Miedema F, Tersmette M, and van Lier RA: AIDS pathogenesis: A dynamic interaction between HIV and the immune system. Immunol Today 1990;11:293-297.
58. Pantaleo G, Koenig S, Baseler M, Lane HC, and Fauci AS: Defective clonogenic potential of CD8+ T lymphocytes in patients with AIDS. Expansion in vivo of a nonclonogenic CD3+ CD8+ DR+ CD25- T cell population. J Immunol 1990;144:1696-1704.
59. Emilie D, Fior R, Jarrousse B, Marfaing-Koka A, Merden D, Devergne O, Crevon MC, Maillot MC, and Galanaud P: Cytokines in HIV infection. Int J Immunopharmacol 1994;16:391-396.
60. Romagnani S and Maggi E: Th1 versus Th2 responses in AIDS. Curr Opin Immunol 1994;6:616-622.
61. Shearer GM and Clerici M: Cytokine profiles in HIV type 1 disease and protection. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 1998;14(Suppl. 2):S149-S152.
62. Clerici M and Shearer GM: The Th1-Th2 hypothesis of HIV infection: New insights. Immunol Today 1994;15:575-581.
63. Mosmann TR and Coffman RL: Th1 and Th2 cells: Different patterns of lymphokine secretion lead to different functional properties. Annu Rev Immunol 1989;7:145-173.
64. Graziosi C, Pantaleo G, Gantt KR, Fortin JP, Demarest JF, Cohen OJ, Sekaly RP, and Fauci AS: Lack of evidence for the dichotomy of TH1 and Th2 predominance in HIV-infected individuals. Science 1994;265:248-252.
65. Maggi E, Mazzetti M, Ravina A, Annunziato F, de Carli M, Piccinni MP, Manetti R, Carbonari M, Pesce AM, del Prete G, et al.: Ability of HIV to promote a TH1 to TH0 shift and to replicate preferentially in TH2 and TH0 cells. Science 1994;265:244-248.
66. α, IL-16) mRNA expression in mononuclear cells from different tissues during acute SIVmac251 infection of macaques. J Med Primatol 1997;26:19-26.
67. Cheret A, Le Grand R, Caufour P, Dereuddre-Bosquet N, Matheux F, Neildez O, Theodoro F, Maestrali N, Benveniste O, Vaslin B, and Dormont D: Cytokine mRNA expression in mononuclear cells from different tissues during acute SIVmac251 infection of macaques. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 1996;12:1263-1272.
68. Orandle MS, Williams KC, MacLean AG, Westmoreland SV, and Lackner AA: Macaques with rapid disease progression and simian immunodeficiency virus encephalitis have a unique cytokine profile in peripheral lymphoid tissues. J Virol 2001;75:4448-4452.
69. Smit-McBride Z, Mattapallil JJ, Villinger F, Ansari AA, and Dandekar S: Intracellular cytokine expression in the CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from intestinal mucosa of simian immunodeficiency virus infected macaques. J Med Primatol 1998;27:129-140.
70. Zou W, Lackner AA, Simon M, Durand-Gasselin I, Galanaud P, Desrosiers RC, and Emilie D: Early cytokine and chemokine gene expression in lymph nodes of macaques infected with simian immunodeficiency virus is predictive of disease outcome and vaccine efficacy. J Virol 1997;71:1227-1236.
71. γ expression in macaque lymph nodes during primary infection with simian immunodeficiency virus. Cytokine 1996;8:844-852.
72. Khatissian E, Chakrabarti L, and Hurtrel B: Cytokine patterns and viral load in lymph nodes during the early stages of SIV infection. Res Virol 1996;147:181-189.
73. β-chemokines by bronchoalveolar lavage cells during primary infection of macaques inoculated with attenuated nef-deleted or pathogenic simian immunodeficiency virus strain mac251. J Gen Virol 1999;80:767-776.
74. Kwofie TB, Haga T, Iida T, Hayami M, and Miura T: Plasma levels of the chemokine RANTES in macaque monkeys infected with pathogenic and nonpathogenic SIV/HIV-1 chimeric viruses at an early stage of infection. J Vet Med Sci 2000;62:1311-1312.
75. γ, CCR1, and CCR5 mRNA expression in peripheral blood, lymph node, and bronchoalveolar lavage mononuclear cells during primary simian immunodeficiency virus infection of macaques. Virology 1999;255:285-293.
76. Rosenberg YJ, Cafaro A, Brennan T, Greenhouse JG, Villinger F, Ansari AA, Brown C, McKinnon K, Bellah S, Yalley-Ogunro J, Elkins WR, Gartner S, and Lewis MG: Virus-induced cytokines regulate circulating lymphocyte levels during primary SIV infections. Int Immunol 1997;9:703-712.
77. γ and IL-4/IL-10 responses during acute infection of macaques inoculated with attenuated nef-truncated or pathogenic SICmac251 virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1996;93:3658-3663.
78. Spring M, Stahl-Hennig C, Nisslein T, Locher C, Fuchs D, Bodemer W, Hunsmann G, and Dittmer U: Suppression of viral replication in a long-term nonprogressing rhesus macaque experimentally infected with pathogenic simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). Clin Immunol Immunopathol 1998;87:101-105.
79. Stylianou E, Aukrust P, Kvale D, Muller F, and Froland SS: IL10 in HIV infection: Increasing serum IL-10 levels with disease progression - Down-regulatory effect of potent anti-retroviral therapy. Clin Exp Immunol 1999;116:115-120.
80. Ameglio F, Cordiali Fei P, Solmone M, Bonifati C, Prignano G, Giglio A, Caprilli F, Gentili G, and Capobianchi MR: Serum IL10 levels in HIV-positive subjects: Correlation with CDC stages. J Biol Regul Homeost Agents 1994;8:48-52.
81. Srikanth P, Castillo RC, Sridharan G, John TJ, Zachariah A, Mathai D, and Schwartz DH: Increase in plasma IL-10 levels and rapid loss of CD4+ T cells among HIV-infected individuals in south India. Int J STD AIDS 2000;11:49-51.
82. Müller F, Aukrust P, Nordoy I, and Froland SS: Possible role of interleukin-10 (IL-10) and CD40 ligand expression in the pathogenesis of hypergammaglobulinemia in human immunodeficiency virus infection: Modulation of IL-10 and Ig production after intravenous Ig infusion. Blood 1998;92:3721-3729.
83. Clerici M, Wynn TA, Berzofsky JA, Blatt SP, Hendrix CW, Sher A, Coffman RL, and Shearer GM: Role of interleukin-10 in T helper cell dysfunction in asymptomatic individuals infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. J Clin Invest 1994;93:768-775.
84. Mosmann TR: Properties and functions of interleukin-10. Adv Immunol 1994;56:1-26.
85. Brigino E, Haraguchi S, Koutsonikolis A, Cianciolo GJ, Owens U, Good RA, and Day NK: Intedeukin 10 is induced by recombinant HIV-1 Nef protein involving the calcium/calmodulin-dependent phosphodiesterase signal transduction pathway. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1997;94:3178-3182.