Prostate-specific antigen, its molecular forms, and other kallikrein markers for detection of prostate cancer

Urology

Volumn 59, Issue 1, 2002, Pages 2-8

  Stephan, Carsten ^a,b   Jung, Klaus ^a   Diamandis, Eleftherios P ^b,c   Rittenhouse, Harry G ^d   Lein, Michael ^a   Loening, Stefan A ^a  

^a CHARITÉ UNIVERSITÄTSMEDIZIN BERLIN   (Germany)

^b MOUNT SINAI HOSPITAL   (Canada)

^c UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

^d Hybritech Incorporated   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

KALLIKREIN; PROSTATE SPECIFIC ANTIGEN; TUMOR MARKER;

CANCER DIAGNOSIS; GENE; HUMAN; MOLECULAR BIOLOGY; MULTIGENE FAMILY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROSTATE CANCER; PROTEIN BINDING; REVIEW; SERUM;

ALPHA 1-ANTICHYMOTRYPSIN; ALPHA 1-ANTITRYPSIN; ALPHA-MACROGLOBULINS; BIOPSY; DIAGNOSIS, DIFFERENTIAL; HUMANS; KALLIKREINS; MALE; PROSTATE; PROSTATE-SPECIFIC ANTIGEN; PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA; PROSTATIC NEOPLASMS; REFERENCE VALUES; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; TUMOR MARKERS, BIOLOGICAL;

EID: 0036142751     PISSN: 00904295     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0090-4295(01)01449-2     Document Type: Review

References (60)

1. Cancer statistics, 2001
2. Prostate specific antigen; a decade of discovery-what we have learned and where we are going
3. Prostate-specific antigen in serum occurs predominantly in complex with alpha 1-antichymotrypsin
4. A complex between prostate-specific antigen and alpha 1-antichymotrypsin is the major form of prostate-specific antigen in serum of patients with prostatic cancer; assay of the complex improves clinical sensitivity for cancer
5. Human kallikrein 2 (hK2) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA); two closely related, but distinct, kallikreins in the prostate
6. The new human tissue kallikrein gene family; structure, function, and association to disease
7. New nomenclature for the human tissue kallikrein gene family
8. In prostatism patients the ratio of human glandular kallikrein to free PSA improves the discrimination between prostate cancer and benign hyperplasia within the diagnostic 'gray zone' of total PSA 4 to 10 ng/mL
9. Serum human glandular kallikrein-2 protease levels predict the presence of prostate cancer among men with elevated prostate-specific antigen
10. Use of human glandular kallikrein 2 for the detection of prostate cancer; preliminary analysis
11. Expression of pro form of prostate-specific antigen by mammalian cells and its conversion to mature, active form by human kallikrein 2
12. Activation of latent protease function of pro-hK2, but not pro-PSA, involves autoprocessing
13. Human kallikrein 10; a novel tumor marker for ovarian carcinoma?
14. Use of the complex between prostate specific antigen and alpha 1-protease inhibitor for screening prostate cancer
15. Determination of prostate-specific antigen complexed to alpha(2)-macroglobulin in serum increases the specificity of free to total PSA for prostate cancer
16. Complexed prostate specific prostate antigen provides significant enhancement of specificity compared with total prostate specific antigen for detecting prostate cancer
17. A prospective study to evaluate the role of complexed prostate specific antigen and free/total prostate specific antigen ratio for the diagnosis of prostate cancer
18. Molecular forms of prostate-specific antigen and human kallikrein 2 as promising tools for early diagnosis of prostate cancer
19. A precursor form of PSA (pPSA) is a component of the free PSA in prostate cancer serum
20. 'BPSA,' a specific molecular form of free prostate-specific antigen, is found predominantly in the transition zone of patients with nodular benign prostatic hyperplasia
21. Discrimination of prostate cancer from benign disease by plasma measurement of intact, free prostate-specific antigen lacking an internal cleavage site at Lys145-Lys146
22. Prostate-specific antigen
23. Molecular forms of prostate-specific antigen in malignant and benign prostatic tissue; biochemical and diagnostic implications
24. A precursor form of prostate-specific antigen is more highly elevated in prostate cancer compared with benign transition zone prostate tissue
25. Use of the percentage of free prostate-specific antigen to enhance differentiation of prostate cancer from benign prostatic disease; a prospective multicenter clinical trial
26. Use of percentage of free prostate-specific antigen to identify men at high risk of prostate cancer when PSA levels are 2.51 to 4 ng/mL and digital rectal examination is not suspicious for prostate cancer; an alternative model
27. A 5 year prospective evaluation of percent free PSA in combination with an artificial neural network (ANN) for detection of prostate cancer
28. Association of free PSA percent, total PSA, age, and gland volume in the detection of prostate cancer
29. Variation in percentage-free prostate-specific antigen (PSA) with prostate volume, age and total PSA level
30. Prediction of post-radical prostatectomy pathological outcome for stage T1c prostate cancer with free prostate specific antigen; a prospective multicenter clinical trial
31. Percentage of free prostate-specific antigen in sera predicts aggressiveness of prostate cancer a decade before diagnosis
32. Predictive value of total and percent free prostate specific antigen in high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia lesions; results of the Tyrol prostate specific antigen screening project
33. Percent free prostate-specific antigen for first-time prostate biopsy
34. Contributions of Artificial Neural Networks and Other Statistical Methods
35. Robustness of free PSA measurements to reduce unnecessary biopsies in the 2.6 to 4.0 ng/ml total PSA range
36. Examination of the 3 molecular forms of serum prostate specific antigen for distinguishing negative from positive biopsy; relationship to transition zone volume
37. Novel immunoassay for the measurement of complexed prostate-specific antigen in serum
38. Ratio of free or complexed prostate-specific antigen (PSA) to total PSA; which ratio improves differentiation between benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer?
39. Comparison of the clinical validity of free prostate-specific antigen, alpha-1 antichymotrypsin-bound prostate-specific antigen and complexed prostate-specific antigen in prostate cancer diagnosis
40. Can complexed PSA be used as a single test for detecting prostate cancer?
41. Preliminary results of a multicenter prospective evaluation of complexed PSA
42. Molecular forms of prostate-specific antigen in serum with concentrations of total prostate-specific antigen <4 μg/l-are they useful tools for early detection and screening of prostate cancer?
43. Can complexed prostate specific antigen and prostatic volume enhance prostate cancer detection in men with total prostate specific antigen between 2.5 and 4.0 ng/ml
44. BPSA is a potential serum marker for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
45. Identification of precursor forms of free prostate-specific antigen in serum of prostate cancer patients by immunosorption and mass spectrometry
46. Decreased concentrations of prostate-specific antigen and human glandular kallikrein 2 in malignant versus nonmalignant prostatic tissue
47. Use of human kallikrein-2 (hK2) levels in patient selection for prostate biopsy
48. Correlation of human glandular kallikrein 2 (hK2) and total PSA (tPSA) to total prostate volume and the total and Gleason grade 4/5 volume of prostate cancer (PCa)
49. Preoperative serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) below 10 microg/l predicts neither the presence of prostate cancer nor the rate of postoperative PSA failure
50. Sensitive and specific immunodetection of human glandular kallikrein 2 in serum
51. The precursor form of the human kallikrein 2, a kallikrein homologous to prostate-specific antigen, is present in human sera and is increased in prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia
52. Identification of a novel complex between human kallikrein 2 and protease inhibitor-6 in prostate cancer tissue
53. Prostase/KLK-L1 is a new member of the human kallikrein gene family, is expressed in prostate and breast tissues, and is hormonally regulated
54. Cloning of a new member of the human kallikrein gene family, klk14, which is down-regulated in different malignancies
55. Molecular cloning of the human kallikrein 15 gene (KLK15); Up-regulation in prostate cancer
56. Activation of prostate-specific antigen precursor (pro-PSA) by Prostin, a novel human prostatic serine protease identified by degenerate PCR
57. Identification and characterization of Prostein, a novel prostate-specific protein
58. PSGR, a novel prostate-specific gene with homology to a G protein-coupled receptor, is overexpressed in prostate cancer
59. Trp-p8, a novel prostate-specific gene, is up-regulated in prostate cancer and other malignancies and shares high homology with transient receptor potential calcium channel proteins
60. Expression and regulation of prostate androgen regulated transcript-1 (PART-1) and identification of differential expression in prostate cancer