Genome screening for susceptibility loci in systemic lupus erythematosus.

American journal of pharmacogenomics : genomics-related research in drug development and clinical practice

Volumn 2, Issue 1, 2002, Pages 1-12

  Shirai, Toshikazu ^a   Nishimura, Hiroyuki ^b   Jiang, Yi ^a   Hirose, Sachiko ^a  

^a JUNTENDO UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (Japan)

^b TOIN UNIVERSITY OF YOKOHAMA   (Japan)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL; B LYMPHOCYTE; DISEASE MODEL; GENETIC LINKAGE; GENETIC PREDISPOSITION; GENETICS; GENOME; HUMAN; IMMUNOLOGY; MOUSE; REVIEW; SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS;

ANIMALS; B-LYMPHOCYTES; DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL; GENETIC PREDISPOSITION TO DISEASE; GENOME, HUMAN; HUMANS; LINKAGE (GENETICS); LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS, SYSTEMIC; MICE;

EID: 0036046753     PISSN: 11752203     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2165/00129785-200202010-00001     Document Type: Review

References (129)

1. 1. DJ Wallace BH Hahn 1997 Dubois’ lupus erythematosus 5 Williams & Wilkins Baltimore (MD) Wallace DJ, Hahn BH, editors. Dubois’ lupus erythematosus. 5th ed. Baltimore (MD): Williams & Wilkins, 1997
2. 2. FC Arnett 2000 Genetic studies of human lupus in families Int Rev Immunol 19 289 95 10.3109/08830180009055501 Arnett FC. Genetic studies of human lupus in families. Int Rev Immunol 2000; 19: 289–95
3. 3. FC Arnett 1997 The genetics of human lupus DJ Wallace BH Hahn Dubois’ lupus erythematosus 5 Williams & Wilkins Baltimore (MD) 77 117 Arnett FC. The genetics of human lupus. In: Wallace DJ, Hahn BH, editors. Dubois’ lupus erythematosus. 5th ed. Baltimore (MD): Williams & Wilkins; 1997: 77–117
4. 4. T Shirai S Hirose 2000 Genetics of SLE; a sine qua non for identification Int Rev Immunol 19 289 95 11016420 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXntFKgur4%3D 10.3109/08830180009055500 Shirai T, Hirose S. Genetics of SLE; a sine qua non for identification. Int Rev Immunol 2000; 19: 289–95
5. 5. S Hirose Y Jiang Y Hamano 2000 Genetic aspects of inherent B-cell abnormalities associated with SLE and B-cell malignancy: lessons from New Zealand mouse models Int Rev Immunol 19 389 421 11016425 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXntFKgurs%3D 10.3109/08830180009055505 Hirose S, Jiang Y, Hamano Y, et al. Genetic aspects of inherent B-cell abnormalities associated with SLE and B-cell malignancy: lessons from New Zealand mouse models. Int Rev Immunol 2000; 19: 389–421
6. 6. EM Tan AS Cohen JF Fries 1982 Special article: the 1982 revised criteria for the classification of systemic lupus erythematosus Arthritis Rheum 25 1271 7 7138600 1:STN:280:DyaL3s%2FkvVCmtA%3D%3D 10.1002/art.1780251101 Tan EM, Cohen AS, Fries JF, et al. Special article: the 1982 revised criteria for the classification of systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum 1982; 25: 1271–7
7. 7. MC Hochberg 1997 Updating the American College of Rheumatology revised criteria for the classification of systemic lupus erythematosus Arthritis Rheum 40 1725 9324032 1:STN:280:DyaK2svmsVaisw%3D%3D 10.1002/art.1780400928 Hochberg MC. Updating the American College of Rheumatology revised criteria for the classification of systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum 1997; 40: 1725
8. 8. T Shirai 1982 The genetic basis of autoimmunity in murine lupus Immunol Today 3 187 94 10.1016/0167-5699(92)90184-9 Shirai T. The genetic basis of autoimmunity in murine lupus. Immunol Today 1982; 3: 187–94
9. 9. PH Shur 1997 Complement and systemic lupus erythematosus DJ Wallace BH Hahn Dubois’ lupus erythematosus 5 Williams & Wilkins Baltimore (MD) 245 61 Shur PH. Complement and systemic lupus erythematosus. In: Wallace DJ, Hahn BH, editors. Dubois’ lupus erythematosus. 5th ed. Baltimore (MD): Williams & Wilkins; 1997:245–61
10. 10. JE Salmon 1997 Abnormalities in immune complex clearance and Fcγ receptor function DJ Wallace BH Hahn Dubois’ lupus erythematosus 5 Williams & Wilkins Baltimore (MD) 221 43 Salmon JE. Abnormalities in immune complex clearance and Fcγ receptor function. In: Wallace DJ, Hahn BH, editors. Dubois’ lupus erythematosus. 5th ed. Baltimore (MD): Williams & Wilkins; 1997: 221–43
11. 11. BP Tsao 2000 Lupus susceptibility genes on human chromosome 1 Int Rev Immunol 19 319 34 11016422 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXntFKgurw%3D 10.3109/08830180009055502 Tsao BP. Lupus susceptibility genes on human chromosome 1. Int Rev Immunol 2000; 19: 319–34
12. 12. BP Tsao RM Cantor KC Kalunian 1997 Evidence for linkage of a candidate chromosome 1 region to human systemic lupus erythematosus J Clin Invest 99 725 31 9045876 1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXhtlWhtbc%3D 10.1172/JCI119217 Tsao BP, Cantor RM, Kalunian KC, et al. Evidence for linkage of a candidate chromosome 1 region to human systemic lupus erythematosus. J Clin Invest 1997; 99: 725–31
13. 13. PM Gaffney GM Kearns KB Shark 1998 A genome-wide search for susceptibility genes in human systemic lupus erythematosus sib-pair families Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 95 14875 9 9843983 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXotVGmurc%3D 10.1073/pnas.95.25.14875 Gaffney PM, Kearns GM, Shark KB, et al. A genome-wide search for susceptibility genes in human systemic lupus erythematosus sib-pair families. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1998; 95: 14875–9
14. 14. KL Moser BR Neas JE Salmon 1998 Genome scan of human systemic lupus erythematosus: evidence for linkage on chromosome 1q in African-American pedigrees Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 95 14869 74 9843982 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXotVGmurY%3D 10.1073/pnas.95.25.14869 Moser KL, Neas BR, Salmon JE, et al. Genome scan of human systemic lupus erythematosus: evidence for linkage on chromosome 1q in African-American pedigrees. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1998; 95: 14869–74
15. 15. R Shai FP Quismorio Jr L Li 1999 Genome-wide screen for systemic lupus erythematosus susceptibility genes in multiplex families Hum Mol Genet 8 639 44 10072432 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXitlGnsrk%3D 10.1093/hmg/8.4.639 Shai R, Quismorio Jr FP, Li L, et al. Genome-wide screen for systemic lupus erythematosus susceptibility genes in multiplex families. Hum Mol Genet 1999; 8: 639–44
16. 16. PM Gaffney WA Ortmann SA Selby 2000 Genome screening in human systemic lupus erythematosus: results from a second Minnesota cohort and combined analysis of 187 sib-pair families Am J Hum Genet 66 547 56 10677315 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXitFyitL8%3D 10.1086/302767 Gaffney PM, Ortmann WA, Selby SA, et al. Genome screening in human systemic lupus erythematosus: results from a second Minnesota cohort and combined analysis of 187 sib-pair families. Am J Hum Genet 2000; 66: 547–56
17. 17. AK Lindqvist K Steinsson B Johanneson 2000 A susceptibility locus for human systemic lupus erythematosus (hSLE1) on chromosome 2q J Autoimmun 14 169 78 10677248 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3c7ktlGitw%3D%3D 10.1006/jaut.1999.0357 Lindqvist AK, Steinsson K, Johanneson B, et al. A susceptibility locus for human systemic lupus erythematosus (hSLE1) on chromosome 2q. J Autoimmun 2000; 14: 169–78
18. 18. C Gray-McGuire KL Moser PM Gaffney 2000 Genome scan of human systemic lupus erythematosus by regression modeling. evidence of linkage and epistasis at 4pl6-15.2 Am J Hum Genet 67 1460 9 11078476 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXovVKju7k%3D 10.1086/316891 Gray-McGuire C, Moser KL, Gaffney PM, et al. Genome scan of human systemic lupus erythematosus by regression modeling. evidence of linkage and epistasis at 4pl6-15.2. Am J Hum Genet 2000; 67: 1460–9
19. 19. ES Lander L Kruglyak 1995 Genetic dissection of complex traits: guidelines for interpreting and reporting linkage results Nature Genet 11 241 7 7581446 1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXptlSjs74%3D 10.1038/ng1195-241 Lander ES, Kruglyak L. Genetic dissection of complex traits: guidelines for interpreting and reporting linkage results. Nature Genet 1995; 11: 241–7
20. 20. DH Kono RW Burlingame DG Owens 1994 Lupus susceptibility loci in New Zealand mice Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 91 10168 72 7937857 1:CAS:528:DyaK2cXmsFaqu74%3D 10.1073/pnas.91.21.10168 Kono DH, Burlingame RW, Owens DG, et al. Lupus susceptibility loci in New Zealand mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1994; 91: 10168–72
21. 21. L Morel UH Rudofsky JA Longmate 1994 Polygenic control of susceptibility to murine systemic lupus erythematosus Immunity 1 219 29 7889410 1:CAS:528:DyaK2cXmsFejsLk%3D 10.1016/1074-7613(94)90100-7 Morel L, Rudofsky UH, Longmate JA, et al. Polygenic control of susceptibility to murine systemic lupus erythematosus. Immunity 1994; 1: 219–29
22. 22. TJ Vyse SJ Rozzo CG Drake 1997 Control of multiple autoantibodies linked with a lupus nephritis susceptibility locus in New Zealand black mice J Immunol 158 5566 74 9164982 1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXjsVSisLc%3D Vyse TJ, Rozzo SJ, Drake CG, et al. Control of multiple autoantibodies linked with a lupus nephritis susceptibility locus in New Zealand black mice. J Immunol 1997; 158: 5566–74
23. 23. Y Jiang S Hirose R Sanokawa-Akakura 1999 Genetically determined aberrant down-regulation of FcγRIIB 1 in germinal center B cells associated with hyper-IgG and IgG autoantibodies in murine systemic lupus erythematosus Int Immunol 11 1685 91 10508186 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXmvFejsr4%3D 10.1093/intimm/11.10.1685 Jiang Y, Hirose S, Sanokawa-Akakura R, et al. Genetically determined aberrant down-regulation of FcγRIIB 1 in germinal center B cells associated with hyper-IgG and IgG autoantibodies in murine systemic lupus erythematosus. Int Immunol 1999; 11: 1685–91
24. 24. S Izui N Ibnou-Zekri L Fossati-Jimack 2000 Genetics of SLE: lessons from BXSB and related mouse models Int Rev Immunol 19 447 72 11016427 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXntFKgurk%3D 10.3109/08830180009055507 Izui S, Ibnou-Zekri N, Fossati-Jimack L, et al. Genetics of SLE: lessons from BXSB and related mouse models. Int Rev Immunol 2000; 19: 447–72
25. 25. DH Kono AN Theofilopoulos 2000 Genetics of systemic autoimmunity in mouse models of lupus Int Rev Immunol 19 367 87 11016424 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXntFKguro%3D 10.3109/08830180009055504 Kono DH, Theofilopoulos AN. Genetics of systemic autoimmunity in mouse models of lupus. Int Rev Immunol 2000; 19: 367–87
26. 26. CG Drake SK Babcock E Palmer 1994 Genetic analysis of the NZB contribution to lupus-like autoimmune disease in (NZB × NZW) F1 mice Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 91 4062 6 8171035 1:CAS:528:DyaK2cXivFWhs7Y%3D 10.1073/pnas.91.9.4062 Drake CG, Babcock SK, Palmer E, et al. Genetic analysis of the NZB contribution to lupus-like autoimmune disease in (NZB × NZW) F1 mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1994; 91: 4062–6
27. 27. S Hirose H Tsurui H Nishimura 1994 Mapping of a gene for hypergammaglobulinemia to the distal region on chromosome 4 in NZB mice and its contribution to systemic lupus erythematosus in (NZB × NZW) F1 mice Int Immunol 6 1857 64 7696204 1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXjsF2qtbk%3D 10.1093/intimm/6.12.1857 Hirose S, Tsurui H, Nishimura H, et al. Mapping of a gene for hypergammaglobulinemia to the distal region on chromosome 4 in NZB mice and its contribution to systemic lupus erythematosus in (NZB × NZW) F1 mice. Int Immunol 1994; 6: 1857–64
28. 28. Y Jiang S Hirose Y Hamano 1997 Mapping of a gene for the increased susceptibility of B1 cells to Mott cell formation in murine autoimmune disease J Immunol 158 992 7 8993021 1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXmtlSnuw%3D%3D Jiang Y, Hirose S, Hamano Y, et al. Mapping of a gene for the increased susceptibility of B1 cells to Mott cell formation in murine autoimmune disease. J Immunol 1997; 158: 992–7
29. 29. A Ida S Hirose Y Hamano 1998 Multigenic control of lupus-associated antiphospholipid syndrome in a model of (NZW × BXSB) F1 mice Eur J Immunol 28 2694 703 9754557 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXmtFaht7o%3D 10.1002/(SICI)1521-4141(199809)28:09<2694::AID-IMMU2694>3.0.CO;2-# Ida A, Hirose S, Hamano Y, et al. Multigenic control of lupus-associated antiphospholipid syndrome in a model of (NZW × BXSB) F1 mice. Eur J Immunol 1998; 28: 2694–703
30. 30. K Ochiai S Ozaki A Tanino 2000 Genetic regulation of anti-erythrocyte autoantibodies and splenomegaly in autoimmune hemolytic anemia-prone New Zealand black mice Int Immunol 12 1 8 10607744 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXotVKmtg%3D%3D 10.1093/intimm/12.1.1 Ochiai K, Ozaki S, Tanino A, et al. Genetic regulation of anti-erythrocyte autoantibodies and splenomegaly in autoimmune hemolytic anemia-prone New Zealand black mice. Int Immunol 2000; 12: 1–8
31. 31. DL Wheeler DM Church AE Lash 2001 Database resources of the National Center for Biotechnology Information Nucleic Acids Res 29 11 6 11125038 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXjtlWns7c%3D 10.1093/nar/29.1.11 Wheeler DL, Church DM, Lash AE, et al. Database resources of the National Center for Biotechnology Information. Nucleic Acids Res 2001; 29: 11–6
32. 32. KD Pruitt D Maglott 2001 RefSeq and LocusLink: NCBI gene-centered resources Nucleic Acids Res 29 137 40 11125071 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXjtlWnu74%3D 10.1093/nar/29.1.137 Pruitt KD, Maglott D. RefSeq and LocusLink: NCBI gene-centered resources. Nucleic Acids Res 2001; 29: 137–40
33. 33. GJ Knight DD Adams HD Purves 1977 The genetic contribution of the NZB mouse to the renal disease of the NZB × NZW hybrid Clin Exp Immunol 28 352 8 872452 1:STN:280:DyaE2s3gtlymsQ%3D%3D Knight GJ, Adams DD and Purves HD. The genetic contribution of the NZB mouse to the renal disease of the NZB × NZW hybrid. Clin Exp Immunol 1977; 28: 352–8
34. 34. GJ Knight DD Adams 1978 Three genes for lupus nephritis in NZB × NZW mice J Exp Med 147 1653 60 681876 1:STN:280:DyaE1c3ktl2mug%3D%3D 10.1084/jem.147.6.1653 Knight GJ, Adams DD. Three genes for lupus nephritis in NZB × NZW mice. J Exp Med 1978; 147: 1653–60
35. 35. H Yoshida A Kohno K Ohta 1981 Genetic studies of autoimmunity in New Zealand mice III. Associations among anti-DNA antibodies, NTA, and renal disease in (NZB × NZW) F1 × NZW backcross mice J Immunol 127 433 7 6972963 1:CAS:528:DyaL3MXkvFGgsbY%3D Yoshida H, Kohno A, Ohta K, et al. Genetic studies of autoimmunity in New Zealand mice III. Associations among anti-DNA antibodies, NTA, and renal disease in (NZB × NZW) F1 × NZW backcross mice. J Immunol 1981; 127: 433–7
36. 36. S Hirose R Nagasawa I Sekikawa 1983 Enhancing effect of H-2-linked NZW gene(s) on the autoimmune traits of (NZB × NZW) F1 mice J Exp Med 158 228 33 6864161 1:STN:280:DyaL3s3ktVCmtQ%3D%3D 10.1084/jem.158.1.228 Hirose S, Nagasawa R, Sekikawa I, et al. Enhancing effect of H-2-linked NZW gene(s) on the autoimmune traits of (NZB × NZW) F1 mice. J Exp Med 1983; 158: 228–33
37. 37. N Maruyama F Furukawa Y Nakai 1998 Genetic studies of autoimmunity in New Zealand mice IV. Contribution of NZB and NZW genes to the spontaneous occurrence of retroviral gp70 immune complexes in (NZB × NZW) Fl hybrid and the correlation to renal disease J Immunol 130 740 6 Maruyama N, Furukawa F, Nakai Y, et al. Genetic studies of autoimmunity in New Zealand mice IV. Contribution of NZB and NZW genes to the spontaneous occurrence of retroviral gp70 immune complexes in (NZB × NZW) Fl hybrid and the correlation to renal disease. J Immunol 1998; 130: 740–6
38. 38. S Hirose I Sekigawa S Ozaki 1984 Genetic regulation oh hypergammaglobulinemia and the correlations to autoimmune traits in (NZB × NZW) F1 hybrid Clin Exp Immunol 58 694 702 6334582 1:STN:280:DyaL2M%2FnsFajug%3D%3D Hirose S, Sekigawa I, Ozaki S, et al. Genetic regulation oh hypergammaglobulinemia and the correlations to autoimmune traits in (NZB × NZW) F1 hybrid. Clin Exp Immunol 1984; 58: 694–702
39. 39. ML Watson JK Rao GS Gilson 1992 Genetic analysis of MRL-lpr mice: relationship of the Fas apoptosis gene to disease manifestation and renal disease-modifying loci J Exp Med 176 1645 56 1460423 1:CAS:528:DyaK3sXlsFyjt7s%3D 10.1084/jem.176.6.1645 Watson ML, Rao JK, Gilson GS, et al. Genetic analysis of MRL-lpr mice: relationship of the Fas apoptosis gene to disease manifestation and renal disease-modifying loci. J Exp Med 1992; 176: 1645–56
40. 40. TJ Vyse CG Drake SJ Rozzo 1996 Genetic linkage of IgG autoantibody production in relation to lupus nephritis in New Zealand mice J Clin Invest 98 1762 72 8878426 1:CAS:528:DyaK28XmtlOgurw%3D 10.1172/JCI118975 Vyse TJ, Drake CG, Rozzo SJ, et al. Genetic linkage of IgG autoantibody production in relation to lupus nephritis in New Zealand mice. J Clin Invest 1996; 98:1762–72
41. 41. Y Wang M Nose T Kamoto 1997 Host modifier genes affect mouse autoimmunity induced by the lpr gene Am J Pathol 151 1791 8 9403730 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXhtVSktw%3D%3D Wang Y, Nose M, Kamoto T, et al. Host modifier genes affect mouse autoimmunity induced by the lpr gene. Am J Pathol 1997; 151: 1791–8
42. 42. L Gu A Weinreb XP Wang 1998 Genetic determinants of autoimmune disease and coronary vasculitis in the MRL-lpr/lpr mouse model of systemic lupus erythematosus J Immunol 161 6999 7006 9862736 1:STN:280:DyaK1M%2FnslGksA%3D%3D Gu L, Weinreb A, Wang XP, et al. Genetic determinants of autoimmune disease and coronary vasculitis in the MRL-lpr/lpr mouse model of systemic lupus erythematosus. J Immunol 1998; 161: 6999–7006
43. 43. S Vidal DH Kono AN Theofilopoulos 1998 Loci predisposing to autoimmunity in MRL-Faslpr and C57BL/6-Faslpr mice J Clin Invest 101 696 702 9449705 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXosVamsQ%3D%3D 10.1172/JCI1817 Vidal S, Kono DH and Theofilopoulos AN. Loci predisposing to autoimmunity in MRL-Faslpr and C57BL/6-Faslpr mice. J Clin Invest 1998; 101: 696–702
44. 44. ML Santiago C Mart D Parzy 1998 Linkage of a major quantitative trait locus to Yaa gene-induced lupus-like nephritis in (NZW × C57BL/6) F1 mice Eur J Immunol 28 4257 67 9862363 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXotVSmt7c%3D 10.1002/(SICI)1521-4141(199812)28:12<4257::AID-IMMU4257>3.0.CO;2-H Santiago ML, Mart C, Parzy D, et al. Linkage of a major quantitative trait locus to Yaa gene-induced lupus-like nephritis in (NZW × C57BL/6) F1 mice. Eur J Immunol 1998; 28: 4257–67
45. 45. L Morel C Mohan Y Yu 1999 Multiplex inheritance of component phenotypes in a murine model Mamm Genome 10 176 81 9922399 1:STN:280:DyaK1M7it1ynug%3D%3D 10.1007/s003359900964 Morel L, Mohan C, Yu Y, et al. Multiplex inheritance of component phenotypes in a murine model. Mamm Genome 1999; 10: 176–81
46. 46. MK Haywood MB Hogarth JH Slingsby 2000 Identification of intervals on chromosome 1, 3, and 13 linked to the development of lupus in BXSB mice Arthritis Rheum 43 349 55 10693874 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3c7lsFGnsw%3D%3D 10.1002/1529-0131(200002)43:2<349::AID-ANR14>3.0.CO;2-M Haywood MK, Hogarth MB, Slingsby JH, et al. Identification of intervals on chromosome 1, 3, and 13 linked to the development of lupus in BXSB mice. Arthritis Rheum 2000; 43: 349–55
47. 47. S Hirose K Tokushige K Kinoshita 1991 Contribution of the gene linked to the T cell receptor β chain gene complex of NZW mice to the autoimmunity of (NZB × NZW) F1 mice Eur J Immunol 21 823 6 1826267 1:CAS:528:DyaK3MXit1Ohu7k%3D 10.1002/eji.1830210343 Hirose S, Tokushige K, Kinoshita K, et al. Contribution of the gene linked to the T cell receptor β chain gene complex of NZW mice to the autoimmunity of (NZB × NZW) F1 mice. Eur J Immunol 1991; 21: 823–6
48. 48. S Hirose G Ueda K Noguchi 1986 Requirement of H-2 heterozygosity for autoimmunity in (NZB × NZW) F1 hybrid mice Eur J Immunol 16 1631 3 2949983 1:STN:280:DyaL2s7jtlyhug%3D%3D 10.1002/eji.1830161226 Hirose S, Ueda G, Noguchi K, et al. Requirement of H-2 heterozygosity for autoimmunity in (NZB × NZW) F1 hybrid mice. Eur J Immunol 1986; 16: 1631–3
49. 49. L Morel XH Tian BP Croker 1999 Epistatic modifiers of autoimmunity in a murine model of lupus nephritis Immunity 11 131 9 10485648 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXlvVShsLY%3D 10.1016/S1074-7613(00)80088-6 Morel L, Tian XH, Croker BP, et al. Epistatic modifiers of autoimmunity in a murine model of lupus nephritis. Immunity 1999; 11: 131–9
50. 50. DS Falconer 1981 Threshold characters Introduction to quantitative genetics 2 Longman New York 80 Falconer DS. Threshold characters. In: Introduction to quantitative genetics. 2nd ed. New York, Longman, 1981, 80
51. 51. A Khono H Yoshida K Sekita 1983 Genetic regulation of the class conversion of dsDNA-specific antibodies in (NZB × NZW) F1 hybrid Immunogenetics 18 513 24 10.1007/BF00364392 Khono A, Yoshida H, Sekita K, et al. Genetic regulation of the class conversion of dsDNA-specific antibodies in (NZB × NZW) F1 hybrid. Immunogenetics 1983; 18: 513–24
52. 52. T Okada F Takiura K Tokushige 1991 Major histocompatibility complex controls clonal proliferation of CD5 + B cells in H-2-congenic New Zealand mice: a model for B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia and autoimmune disease Eur J Immunol 21 2743 8 1718758 1:CAS:528:DyaK38XjvFGgsA%3D%3D 10.1002/eji.1830211114 Okada T, Takiura F, Tokushige K, et al. Major histocompatibility complex controls clonal proliferation of CD5 + B cells in H-2-congenic New Zealand mice: a model for B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia and autoimmune disease. Eur J Immunol 1991; 21: 2743–8
53. 53. Y Hamano S Hirose A Ida 1998 Susceptibility alleles for aberrant B-1 cell proliferation involved in spontaneously occurring B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia in a model of New Zealand white mice Blood 92 3772 9 9808571 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXnsVKltrY%3D Hamano Y, Hirose S, Ida A, et al. Susceptibility alleles for aberrant B-1 cell proliferation involved in spontaneously occurring B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia in a model of New Zealand white mice. Blood 1998; 92: 3772–9
54. 54. S Hirose K Kinoshita S Nozawa 1990 Effects of major histocompatibility complex on autoimmune disease of H-2-congenic New Zealand mice Int Immunol 2 1091 5 2083229 1:STN:280:DyaK3M7ptVOktQ%3D%3D 10.1093/intimm/2.11.1091 Hirose S, Kinoshita K, Nozawa S, et al. Effects of major histocompatibility complex on autoimmune disease of H-2-congenic New Zealand mice. Int Immunol 1990; 2: 1091–5
55. 55. JB Harley KL Moser PM Gaffney 1998 The genetics of human systemic lupus erythematosus Curr Opin Immunol 10 690 6 9914226 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXhtlGq 10.1016/S0952-7915(98)80090-3 Harley JB, Moser KL, Gaffney PM, et al. The genetics of human systemic lupus erythematosus. Curr Opin Immunol 1998; 10: 690–6
56. 56. S Hirose S Ogawa H Nishimura 1988 Association of HLA-DR2/DR4 heterozygosity with systemic lupus erythematosus in Japanese patients J Rheumatol 15 1489 92 3264576 1:STN:280:DyaL1M%2FotFamtg%3D%3D Hirose S, Ogawa S, Nishimura H, et al. Association of HLA-DR2/DR4 heterozygosity with systemic lupus erythematosus in Japanese patients. J Rheumatol 1988; 15: 1489–92
57. 57. JB Howie BJ Helyer 1968 The immunology and pathology of NZB mice Adv Immunol 9 215 66 4883742 1:STN:280:DyaF1M%2FoslClsw%3D%3D 10.1016/S0065-2776(08)60444-7 Howie JB, Helyer BJ. The immunology and pathology of NZB mice. Adv Immunol 1968; 9: 215–66
58. 58. AN Theofilopoulos FJ Dixon 1985 Murine models of systemic lupus erythematosus Adv Immunol 37 269 390 3890479 1:CAS:528:DyaL2MXks12gtL4%3D 10.1016/S0065-2776(08)60342-9 Theofilopoulos AN, Dixon FJ. Murine models of systemic lupus erythematosus. Adv Immunol 1985; 37: 269–390
59. 59. T Shirai S Hirose T Okada 1991 Immunology and immunopathology of the autoimmune disease of NZB and related mouse strains B Rihova V Vetvicka Immunological disorders in mice CRC Press Boca Raton (FL) 96 136 Shirai T, Hirose S, Okada T, et al. Immunology and immunopathology of the autoimmune disease of NZB and related mouse strains. In: Rihova B, Vetvicka V, editors. Immunological disorders in mice. Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press, 1991: 96–136
60. 60. ED Murphy JB Roth 1978 Autoimmunity and lymphoproliferation: induction by mutant gene lpr, and acceleration by a male-associated factor in strain BXSB mice NR Rose PE Bigazzi NL Warner Genetic control of autoimmune disease Elsevier Amsterdam 207 21 Murphy ED, Roth JB. Autoimmunity and lymphoproliferation: induction by mutant gene lpr, and acceleration by a male-associated factor in strain BXSB mice. In: Rose NR, Bigazzi PE, Warner NL, editors. Genetic control of autoimmune disease. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1978: 207–21
61. 61. ES Lander D Botstein 1989 Mapping Mendelian factors underlying quantitative traits using RFLP linkage maps Genetics 121 185 99 2563713 1:STN:280:DyaL1M7jsl2nug%3D%3D Lander ES, Botstein D. Mapping Mendelian factors underlying quantitative traits using RFLP linkage maps. Genetics 1989; 121: 185–99
62. 62. H Nishimura S Ozaki 2000 Practical approaches to determining disease-susceptibility loci in multigenic autoimmune models Int Rev Immunol 19 335 66 11016423 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXntFKgur0%3D 10.3109/08830180009055503 Nishimura H, Ozaki S. Practical approaches to determining disease-susceptibility loci in multigenic autoimmune models. Int Rev Immunol 2000; 19: 335–66
63. 63. M Bielschowsky BJ Helyer JB Howie 1959 Spontaneous haemolytic anemia in mice of the NZB/B1 strain Proc Univ Otago Med Sch 37 9 11 Bielschowsky M, Helyer BJ, Howie JB. Spontaneous haemolytic anemia in mice of the NZB/B1 strain. Proc Univ Otago Med Sch 1959; 37: 9–11
64. 64. BJ Helyer JB Howie 1963 Renal disease associated with positive lupus erythematosus tests in a cross-bred strain of mice Nature 197 197 13953664 1:STN:280:DyaF387ksFeqsw%3D%3D 10.1038/197197a0 [letter] Helyer BJ, Howie JB. Renal disease associated with positive lupus erythematosus tests in a cross-bred strain of mice [letter]. Nature 1963; 197: 197
65. 65. FM Burnet MC Holmes 1965 The natural history of the NZB/NZW Fl hybrid mouse: a laboratory model of systemic lupus erythematosus Australas Ann Med 14 185 91 5862644 1:STN:280:DyaF28%2FpsFagtg%3D%3D Burnet FM, Holmes MC. The natural history of the NZB/NZW Fl hybrid mouse: a laboratory model of systemic lupus erythematosus. Australas Ann Med 1965; 14: 185–91
66. 66. L Morel EK Wakeland 2000 Genetics of SLE: lessons from the NZM2410 model and related strains Int Rev Immunol 19 423 46 11016426 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXntFKgurg%3D 10.3109/08830180009055506 Morel L, Wakeland EK. Genetics of SLE: lessons from the NZM2410 model and related strains. Int Rev Immunol 2000; 19: 423–46
67. 67. TJ Vyse BL Kotzin 1998 Genetic susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus Annu Rev Immunol 16 261 92 9597131 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXislygtb0%3D 10.1146/annurev.immunol.16.1.261 Vyse TJ, Kotzin BL. Genetic susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus. Annu Rev Immunol 1998; 16: 261–92
68. 68. UH Rudofsky BD Evans SL Balaban 1993 Dissection in expression of lupus nephritis in New Zealand mixed H-2 Z homozygous inbred strains of mice derived from New Zealand black and New Zealand white mice; origins and initial characterization Lab Invest 68 419 26 8479150 1:STN:280:DyaK3s3ktVyjtQ%3D%3D Rudofsky UH, Evans BD, Balaban SL, et al. Dissection in expression of lupus nephritis in New Zealand mixed H-2 Z homozygous inbred strains of mice derived from New Zealand black and New Zealand white mice; origins and initial characterization. Lab Invest 1993; 68: 419–26
69. 69. M Nose M Nishihara H Fujii 2000 Genetic basis of complex pathological manifestations of collagen disease: lessons from MRL/lpr and related mouse models Int Rev Immunol 19 473 98 11016428 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXntFKgurY%3D 10.3109/08830180009055508 Nose M, Nishihara M, Fujii H. Genetic basis of complex pathological manifestations of collagen disease: lessons from MRL/lpr and related mouse models. Int Rev Immunol 2000; 19: 473–98
70. 70. R Watanabe-Fukunaga CI Brannan NG Copeland 1992 Lymphoproliferation disorder in mice explained by defects in Fas antigen that mediate apoptosis Nature 356 314 7 1372394 1:CAS:528:DyaK38Xitlelsb8%3D 10.1038/356314a0 Watanabe-Fukunaga R, Brannan CI, Copeland NG, et al. Lymphoproliferation disorder in mice explained by defects in Fas antigen that mediate apoptosis. Nature 1992; 356: 314–7
71. 71. GRV Hughes EN Harris AE Gharavi 1986 The anticardiolipin syndrome J Rheumatol 13 486 9 3735270 1:STN:280:DyaL283otFCgtQ%3D%3D Hughes GRV, Harris EN, Gharavi AE. The anticardiolipin syndrome. J Rheumatol 1986; 13: 486–9
72. 72. T Koike E Matsuura 1997 β2-glycoprotein I and antiphospholipid syndrome Isr J Med Sci 33 225 38 9347869 1:STN:280:DyaK1c%2FgslGmuw%3D%3D Koike T, Matsuura E. β2-glycoprotein I and antiphospholipid syndrome. Isr J Med Sci 1997; 33: 225–38
73. 73. LM Hang S Izui FJ Dixon 1981 (NZW × BXSB) F1 hybrid; a model of acute lupus and coronary vascular disease with myocardial infarction J Exp Med 154 216 21 7252427 1:STN:280:DyaL3M3ktFCjsg%3D%3D 10.1084/jem.154.1.216 Hang LM, Izui S, Dixon FJ. (NZW × BXSB) F1 hybrid; a model of acute lupus and coronary vascular disease with myocardial infarction. J Exp Med 1981; 154: 216–21
74. 74. N Oyaizu R Yasumizu M Miyama-Inaba 1988 (NZW × BXSB) F1 mouse; a new animal model of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura J Exp Med 167 2017 22 3290385 1:STN:280:DyaL1c3lvVeqsQ%3D%3D 10.1084/jem.167.6.2017 Oyaizu N, Yasumizu R, Miyama-Inaba M, et al. (NZW × BXSB) F1 mouse; a new animal model of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. J Exp Med 1988; 167: 2017–22
75. 75. Y Hashimoto M Kawamura K Ichikawa 1992 Anticardiolipin antibodies in NZW × BXSB F1 mice: a model of antiphospholipid syndrome J Immunol 149 1063 8 1634762 1:CAS:528:DyaK3sXlsVCh Hashimoto Y, Kawamura M, Ichikawa K, et al. Anticardiolipin antibodies in NZW × BXSB F1 mice: a model of antiphospholipid syndrome. J Immunol 1992; 149: 1063–8
76. 76. S Izui VE Kelley K Masuda 1984 Induction of various autoantibodies by mutant gene lpr in several strains of mice J Immunol 133 227 33 6609979 1:CAS:528:DyaL2cXkslSrs7w%3D Izui S, Kelley VE, Masuda K, et al. Induction of various autoantibodies by mutant gene lpr in several strains of mice. J Immunol 1984; 133: 227–33
77. 77. CC Hudgins RT Steinberg DM Klinman 1985 Studies of consomic mice bearing the Y chromosome of the BXSB mouse J Immunol 134 3849 54 3989299 1:STN:280:DyaL2M7otl2rug%3D%3D Hudgins CC, Steinberg RT, Klinman DM, et al. Studies of consomic mice bearing the Y chromosome of the BXSB mouse. J Immunol 1985; 134: 3849–54
78. 78. F Rieux-Laucat F Deist Le C Hivroz 1995 Mutations in Fas associated with human lymphoproliferative syndrome and autoimmunity Science 268 1347 9 7539157 1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXmtVart74%3D 10.1126/science.7539157 Rieux-Laucat F, Le Deist F, Hivroz C, et al. Mutations in Fas associated with human lymphoproliferative syndrome and autoimmunity. Science 1995; 268: 1347–9
79. 79. GH Fisher FJ Rosenberg SE Straus 1995 Dominant interfering Fas gene mutations impair apoptosis in a human autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome Cell 81 935 46 7540117 1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXmsVagt7w%3D 10.1016/0092-8674(95)90013-6 Fisher GH, Rosenberg FJ, Straus SE, et al. Dominant interfering Fas gene mutations impair apoptosis in a human autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome. Cell 1995; 81: 935–46
80. 80. S Ozaki H Honda N Maruyama 1983 Genetic regulation of erythrocyte autoantibody production in New Zealand black mice Immunogenetics 18 241 54 6618533 1:STN:280:DyaL2c%2Fgs1OjtA%3D%3D 10.1007/BF00952963 Ozaki S, Honda H, Maruyama N, et al. Genetic regulation of erythrocyte autoantibody production in New Zealand black mice. Immunogenetics 1983; 18: 241–54
81. 81. H Nishimura H Okamoto S Ogawa 1992 MHC class II gene polymorphism of New Zealand mice and its possible contribution to autoimmunity TO Yoshida JM Wilson Molecular approaches to the study and treatment of human disease Elsevier Science Publishers Amsterdam 315 22 Nishimura H, Okamoto H, Ogawa S, et al. MHC class II gene polymorphism of New Zealand mice and its possible contribution to autoimmunity. In: Yoshida TO, Wilson JM, editors. Molecular approaches to the study and treatment of human disease. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Publishers. 1992: 315–22
82. 82. J Shirai A Ida Y Jiang 1999 Genetic polymorphism of murine tissue plasminogen activator associated with antiphospholipid syndrome Genes and Immun 1 130 6 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXktlyhu74%3D 10.1038/sj.gene.6363651 Shirai J, Ida A, Jiang Y, et al. Genetic polymorphism of murine tissue plasminogen activator associated with antiphospholipid syndrome. Genes and Immun 1999; 1: 130–6
83. 83. J Gavalchin JA Nicklas JW Eastcott 1985 Lupus prone (NZB × SWR) F1 mice produce potentially nephritogenic autoantibodies inherited from the normal SWR parent J Immunol 134 885 94 3871219 1:CAS:528:DyaL2MXpsVWlsA%3D%3D Gavalchin J, Nicklas JA, Eastcott JW, et al. Lupus prone (NZB × SWR) F1 mice produce potentially nephritogenic autoantibodies inherited from the normal SWR parent. J Immunol 1985; 134: 885–94
84. 84. NL Warner 1978 Genetic aspects of immunological abnormalities in New Zealand mouse strains Arthritis Rheum 21 S106 12 96842 1:STN:280:DyaE1c3htVOktA%3D%3D 10.1002/art.1780210916 Warner NL. Genetic aspects of immunological abnormalities in New Zealand mouse strains. Arthritis Rheum 1978; 21: S106–12
85. 85. T Okada M Abe F Takiura 1990 Distinct surface phenotypes of B cells responsible for spontaneous production of IgM and IgG anti-DNA antibodies in autoimmune-prone NZB × NZW F1 mice Autoimmunity 7 109 20 2104180 1:STN:280:DyaK3MzntVGrsg%3D%3D 10.3109/08916939008993383 Okada T, Abe M, Takiura F, et al. Distinct surface phenotypes of B cells responsible for spontaneous production of IgM and IgG anti-DNA antibodies in autoimmune-prone NZB × NZW F1 mice. Autoimmunity 1990; 7: 109–20
86. 86. K Hasegawa M Abe T Okada 1989 Are Ly1 B cells responsible for the IL 2-hyperresponsiveness of B cells in autoimmune-prone NZB × NZW F1 mice? Int Immunol 1 99 103 2487680 1:STN:280:DyaK3M7jslCqtg%3D%3D 10.1093/intimm/1.1.99 Hasegawa K, Abe M, Okada T, et al. Are Ly1 B cells responsible for the IL 2-hyperresponsiveness of B cells in autoimmune-prone NZB × NZW F1 mice? Int Immunol 1989; 1: 99–103
87. 87. M Abe T Okada Y Matsumoto 1989 The novel murine B cell differentiation antigen Lp-3 Int Immunol 1 576 81 2489044 1:STN:280:DyaK3M3gsl2lsQ%3D%3D 10.1093/intimm/1.6.576 Abe M, Okada T, Matsumoto Y, et al. The novel murine B cell differentiation antigen Lp-3. Int Immunol 1989; 1: 576–81
88. 88. K Kanno T Okada M Abe 1993 Differential sensitivity to interleukins of CD5 + and CD5 − anti-DNA antibody-producing B cells in murine lupus Autoimmunity 14 205 14 7687154 1:STN:280:DyaK3szitVansQ%3D%3D 10.3109/08916939309077367 Kanno K, Okada T, Abe M, et al. Differential sensitivity to interleukins of CD5 + and CD5 − anti-DNA antibody-producing B cells in murine lupus. Autoimmunity 1993; 14: 205–14
89. 89. T Shirai T Okada S Hirose 1992 Genetic regulation of CD5 + B cells in autoimmune disease and in chronic lymphocytic leukemia Ann N Y Acad Sci 651 509 26 1376072 1:CAS:528:DyaK38XlsVylur0%3D 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1992.tb24658.x Shirai T, Okada T, Hirose S. Genetic regulation of CD5 + B cells in autoimmune disease and in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1992; 651: 509–26
90. 90. LA Herzenberg AM Stall PA Lalor 1986 The LY-1 B cell lineage Immunol Rev 93 81 102 3096879 1:CAS:528:DyaL28Xmt1CjsL0%3D 10.1111/j.1600-065X.1986.tb01503.x Herzenberg LA, Stall AM, Lalor PA, et al. The LY-1 B cell lineage. Immunol Rev 1986; 93: 81–102
91. 91. RR Hardy K Hayakawa 1994 CD5 cells, a fetal B cell lineage Adv Immunol 55 297 339 7508175 1:CAS:528:DyaK2cXktlamtr0%3D 10.1016/S0065-2776(08)60512-X Hardy RR, Hayakawa K. CD5 cells, a fetal B cell lineage. Adv Immunol 1994; 55: 297–339
92. 92. H Okamoto H Nishimura A Shinozaki 1993 H-2 Z homozygous New Zealand mice as a model for B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia: elevated bcl-2 expression in CD5 B cells at premalignant stages Jpn J Cancer Res 84 1273 8 7507474 1:CAS:528:DyaK2cXis1Ojs7k%3D 10.1111/j.1349-7006.1993.tb02834.x Okamoto H, Nishimura H, Shinozaki A, et al. H-2 Z homozygous New Zealand mice as a model for B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia: elevated bcl-2 expression in CD5 B cells at premalignant stages. Jpn J Cancer Res 1993; 84: 1273–8
93. 93. S Taki S Hirose K Kinoshita 1992 Somatically mutated IgG anti-DNA antibody clonally related to germ-line encoded IgM anti-DNA antibody Eur J Immunol 22 987 92 1551410 1:CAS:528:DyaK38XitFamur0%3D 10.1002/eji.1830220417 Taki S, Hirose S, Kinoshita K, et al. Somatically mutated IgG anti-DNA antibody clonally related to germ-line encoded IgM anti-DNA antibody. Eur J Immunol 1992; 22: 987–92
94. 94. S Hirose M Wakiya Y Kawano-Nishi 1993 Somatic diversification and affinity maturation of IgM and IgG anti-DNA antibodies in murine lupus Eur J Immunol 23 2813 20 8223857 1:CAS:528:DyaK2cXnsFalsQ%3D%3D 10.1002/eji.1830231114 Hirose S, Wakiya M, Kawano-Nishi Y, et al. Somatic diversification and affinity maturation of IgM and IgG anti-DNA antibodies in murine lupus. Eur J Immunol 1993; 23: 2813–20
95. 95. KM Coggeshall 1998 Inhibitory signaling by B cell FcγRIIb Curr Opin Immunol 10 306 12 9638367 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXjvVOmsrg%3D 10.1016/S0952-7915(98)80169-6 Coggeshall KM. Inhibitory signaling by B cell FcγRIIb. Curr Opin Immunol 1998; 10: 306–12
96. 96. JE Gessner H Heiken A Tamm 1998 The IgG Fc receptor family Ann Hematol 76 231 48 9692811 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXkvF2ks7s%3D 10.1007/s002770050396 Gessner JE, Heiken H, Tamm A, et al. The IgG Fc receptor family. Ann Hematol 1998; 76: 231–48
97. 97. S Bolland JV Ravetch 2000 Spontaneous autoimmune disease in FcγRIIB-deficient mice results from strain-specific epistasis Immunity 13 277 85 10981970 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXmsVKnu7Y%3D 10.1016/S1074-7613(00)00027-3 Bolland S and Ravetch JV. Spontaneous autoimmune disease in FcγRIIB-deficient mice results from strain-specific epistasis. Immunity 2000; 13: 277–85
98. 98. Y Jiang S Hirose M Abe 2000 Polymorphisms in IgG Fc receptor IIB regulatory regions associated with autoimmune susceptibility Immunogenetics 51 429 35 10866109 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXivVWlu7Y%3D 10.1007/s002510050641 Jiang Y, Hirose S, Abe M, et al. Polymorphisms in IgG Fc receptor IIB regulatory regions associated with autoimmune susceptibility. Immunogenetics 2000; 51: 429–35
99. 99. L Morel KR Blenman BP Croker 2001 The major murine systemic lupus erythematosus susceptibility locus, Sle1, is a cluster of functionally related genes Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 98 1787 92 11172029 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXhsVWis7o%3D 10.1073/pnas.98.4.1787 Morel L, Blenman KR, Croker BP, et al. The major murine systemic lupus erythematosus susceptibility locus, Sle1, is a cluster of functionally related genes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2001; 98: 1787–92
100. 100. SJ Rosso JD Allard D Choubey 2001 Evidence for an interferon-inducible gene, Ifi202, in the susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus Immunity 15 435 43 10.1016/S1074-7613(01)00196-0 Rosso SJ, Allard JD, Choubey D, et al. Evidence for an interferon-inducible gene, Ifi202, in the susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus. Immunity 2001; 15: 435–43
101. 101. CV Jongeneel H Acha-Orbea T Blankenstein 1990 A polymorphic microsatellite in the tumor necrosis factor α promoter identifies an allele unique to the NZW mouse strain J Exp Med 171 2141 6 2351934 1:CAS:528:DyaK3cXltFShtbo%3D 10.1084/jem.171.6.2141 Jongeneel CV, Acha-Orbea H, Blankenstein T. A polymorphic microsatellite in the tumor necrosis factor α promoter identifies an allele unique to the NZW mouse strain. J Exp Med 1990; 171: 2141–6
102. 102. CO Jacob F Hwang GD Lewis 1991 Tumor necrosis factor alpha in murine systemic lupus erythematosus disease models: implications for genetic predisposition and immune regulation Cytokine 3 551 61 1686413 1:CAS:528:DyaK38XhtVCisLY%3D 10.1016/1043-4666(91)90481-R Jacob CO, Hwang F, Lewis GD, et al. Tumor necrosis factor alpha in murine systemic lupus erythematosus disease models: implications for genetic predisposition and immune regulation. Cytokine 1991; 3: 551–61
103. 103. CO Jacob HO McDevitt 1988 Tumor necrosis factor-α in murine autoimmune ‘lupus’ nephritis Nature 331 356 8 2893286 1:STN:280:DyaL1c7it1Gqug%3D%3D 10.1038/331356a0 Jacob CO, McDevitt HO. Tumor necrosis factor-α in murine autoimmune ‘lupus’ nephritis. Nature 1988; 331: 356–8
104. 104. A Strasser S Whittingham DL Vaux 1991 Enforced BCL2 expression in B-lymphoid cells prolongs antibody responses and elicits autoimmune disease Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88 8661 5 1924327 1:CAS:528:DyaK3MXmtlShtr8%3D 10.1073/pnas.88.19.8661 Strasser A, Whittingham S, Vaux DL, et al. Enforced BCL2 expression in B-lymphoid cells prolongs antibody responses and elicits autoimmune disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1991; 88: 8661–5
105. 105. L Zhang A Eddy YT Teng 1995 An immunological renal disease in transgenic mice that overexpress Fli-1, a member of the ets family of transcription factor genes Mol Cell Biol 15 6961 70 8524263 1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXpsFKqu7c%3D Zhang L, Eddy A, Teng YT, et al. An immunological renal disease in transgenic mice that overexpress Fli-1, a member of the ets family of transcription factor genes. Mol Cell Biol 1995; 15: 6961–70
106. 106. S Sato N Ono DA Steeber 1996 CD19 regulates B lymphocyte signaling thresholds critical for the development of B-1 lineage cells and autoimmunity J Immunol 157 4371 8 8906812 1:CAS:528:DyaK28XmvVWmu70%3D Sato S, Ono N, Steeber DA, et al. CD19 regulates B lymphocyte signaling thresholds critical for the development of B-1 lineage cells and autoimmunity. J Immunol 1996; 157: 4371–8
107. 107. KJ Erb B Ruger M Brevern von 1997 Constitutive expression of interleukin (IL)-4 in vivo cause autoimmune-type disorders in mice J Exp Med 185 329 39 9016881 1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXnsl2msw%3D%3D 10.1084/jem.185.2.329 Erb KJ, Ruger B, von Brevern M, et al. Constitutive expression of interleukin (IL)-4 in vivo cause autoimmune-type disorders in mice. J Exp Med 1997; 185: 329–39
108. 108. JP Seery JM Carroll V Cattell 1997 Anti-nuclear autoantibodies and lupus nephritis in transgenic mice expressing interferon gamma in the epidermis J Exp Med 186 1455 9 10.1084/jem.186.9.1451 Seery JP, Carroll JM, Cattell V, et al. Anti-nuclear autoantibodies and lupus nephritis in transgenic mice expressing interferon gamma in the epidermis. J Exp Med 1997; 186: 1455–9
109. 109. JA Gross J Johnston S Mudri 2000 TACI and BCMA are receptors for a TNF homologue implicated in B-cell autoimmune disease Nature 404 995 9 10801128 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXjtFyntrg%3D 10.1038/35010115 Gross JA, Johnston J, Mudri S, et al. TACI and BCMA are receptors for a TNF homologue implicated in B-cell autoimmune disease. Nature 2000; 404: 995–9
110. 110. H Dang AG Geiser JJ Letterio 1994 SLE-like autoantibodies and Sjögren’s syndrome-like lymphoproliferation in TGF-beta knockout mice J Immunol 155 3205 12 Dang H, Geiser AG, Letterio JJ, et al. SLE-like autoantibodies and Sjögren’s syndrome-like lymphoproliferation in TGF-beta knockout mice. J Immunol 1994; 155: 3205–12
111. 111. B Sadlack J Lohler H Schorle 1995 Generalized autoimmune disease in inter-leukin-2-deficient mice is triggered by an uncontrolled activation and proliferation of CD4 + T cells Eur J Immunol 25 11 3053 9 7489743 1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXpsFOksLw%3D 10.1002/eji.1830251111 Sadlack B, Lohler J, Schorle H, et al. Generalized autoimmune disease in inter-leukin-2-deficient mice is triggered by an uncontrolled activation and proliferation of CD4 + T cells. Eur J Immunol 1995; 25(11): 3053–9
112. 112. DM Willerford J Chen JA Ferry 1995 Interleukin-2 receptor α chain regulates the size and content of the peripheral lymphoid compartment Immunity 3 521 30 7584142 1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXovFymsLc%3D 10.1016/1074-7613(95)90180-9 Willerford DM, Chen J, Ferry JA, et al. Interleukin-2 receptor α chain regulates the size and content of the peripheral lymphoid compartment. Immunity 1995; 3: 521–30
113. 113. H Suzuki TM Kundig C Furlonger 1995 Deregulated T cell activation and autoimmunity in mice lacking interleukin-2 receptor β Science 268 1472 6 7770771 1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXmtFKkur8%3D 10.1126/science.7770771 Suzuki H, Kundig TM, Furlonger C, et al. Deregulated T cell activation and autoimmunity in mice lacking interleukin-2 receptor β. Science 1995; 268: 1472–6
114. 114. H Nishizumi I Taniuchi Y Yamanashi 1995 Impaired proliferation of peripheral B cells and indication of autoimmune disease in lyn-deficient mice Immunity 3 549 60 7584145 1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXps1Oqtr0%3D 10.1016/1074-7613(95)90126-4 Nishizumi H, Taniuchi I, Yamanashi Y, et al. Impaired proliferation of peripheral B cells and indication of autoimmune disease in lyn-deficient mice. Immunity 1995; 3: 549–60
115. 115. ML Hibbs DM Tarlinton J Armes 1995 Multiple defects in the immune system of Lyn-deficient mice, culminating in autoimmune disease Cell 83 301 11 7585947 1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXovVGrurs%3D 10.1016/0092-8674(95)90171-X Hibbs ML, Tarlinton DM, Armes J, et al. Multiple defects in the immune system of Lyn-deficient mice, culminating in autoimmune disease. Cell 1995; 83: 301–11
116. 116. TL O’Keefe GT Williams SL Davies 1996 Hyperresponsive B cells in CD22-deficient mice Science 274 798 801 8864124 10.1126/science.274.5288.798 O’Keefe TL, Williams GT, Davies SL, et al. Hyperresponsive B cells in CD22-deficient mice. Science 1996; 274: 798–801
117. 117. M Botto C Dell’Agnola AE Bygrave 1998 Homozygous Clq deficiency caused glomerulonephritis associated with multiple apoptotic bodies Nat Genet 19 56 9 9590289 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXislWqu78%3D 10.1038/ng0598-56 Botto M, Dell’Agnola C, Bygrave AE, et al. Homozygous Clq deficiency caused glomerulonephritis associated with multiple apoptotic bodies. Nat Genet 1998; 19: 56–9
118. 118. JH Wang N Avitahl A Cariappa 1998 Aiolos regulates B cell activation and maturation to effector state Immunity 9 543 53 9806640 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXnsVylt7g%3D 10.1016/S1074-7613(00)80637-8 Wang JH, Avitahl N, Cariappa A, et al. Aiolos regulates B cell activation and maturation to effector state. Immunity 1998; 9: 543–53
119. 119. H Nishimura M Nose H Hiai 1999 Development of lupus-like autoimmune diseases by disruption of the PD-1 gene encoding an ITIM motif-carrying immunoreceptor Immunity 11 141 51 10485649 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXlvVShsb8%3D 10.1016/S1074-7613(00)80089-8 Nishimura H, Nose M, Hiai H, et al. Development of lupus-like autoimmune diseases by disruption of the PD-1 gene encoding an ITIM motif-carrying immunoreceptor. Immunity 1999; 11: 141–51
120. 120. MCM Bickerstaff M Botto WL Hutchinson 1999 Serum amyloid P component controls chromatin degradation and prevent antinuclear autoimmunity Nat Med 5 694 7 10371509 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXjs1KltrY%3D 10.1038/9544 Bickerstaff MCM, Botto M, Hutchinson WL, et al. Serum amyloid P component controls chromatin degradation and prevent antinuclear autoimmunity. Nat Med 1999; 5: 694–7
121. 121. Z Chen SB Koralov G Kelso 2000 Complement C4 inhibits systemic autoimmunity through a mechanism independent of complement receptors CR1 and CR2 J Exp Med 192 1339 51 11067882 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXnvFWgtL8%3D 10.1084/jem.192.9.1339 Chen Z, Koralov SB and Kelso G. Complement C4 inhibits systemic autoimmunity through a mechanism independent of complement receptors CR1 and CR2. J Exp Med 2000; 192: 1339–51
122. 122. M Napirei H Karsunky B Zevnik 2000 Features of systemic lupus erythematosus in Dnase 1-deficient mice Nat Genet 25 177 81 10835632 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXjvFOgt7c%3D 10.1038/76032 Napirei M, Karsunky H, Zevnik B, et al. Features of systemic lupus erythematosus in Dnase 1-deficient mice. Nat Genet 2000; 25: 177–81
123. 123. K Bachmaier C Krawczyk I Kozieradzki 2000 Negative regulation of lymphocyte activation and autoimmunity by the molecular adaptor Cbl-b Nature 403 211 6 10646608 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXmslamsw%3D%3D 10.1038/35003228 Bachmaier K, Krawczyk C, Kozieradzki I, et al. Negative regulation of lymphocyte activation and autoimmunity by the molecular adaptor Cbl-b. Nature 2000; 403: 211–6
124. 124. M Yan H Wang B Chan 2001 Activation and accumulation of B cells in TACI-deficient mice Nat Immunol 2 638 43 11429549 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXltFSlur4%3D 10.1038/89790 Yan M, Wang H, Chan B, et al. Activation and accumulation of B cells in TACI-deficient mice. Nat Immunol 2001; 2: 638–43
125. 125. R Sachidanandam D Weissman SC Schmidt 2001 A map of human genome sequence variation containing 1.42 million single nucleotide polymorphisms Nature 409 928 33 11237013 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXhsFCjtb8%3D 10.1038/35057149 Sachidanandam R, Weissman D, Schmidt SC, et al. A map of human genome sequence variation containing 1.42 million single nucleotide polymorphisms. Nature 2001; 409: 928–33
126. 126. RS Spielman WJ Ewens 1996 The TDT and other family-based tests for linkage disequilibrium and association Am J Hum Genet 59 983 9 8900224 1:STN:280:DyaK2s%2FlsFykug%3D%3D Spielman RS, Ewens WJ. The TDT and other family-based tests for linkage disequilibrium and association. Am J Hum Genet 1996; 59: 983–9
127. 127. L Kruglyak 1999 Prospects for whole-genome linkage disequilibrium mapping of common disease genes Nat Genet 22 139 44 10369254 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXjvVelsb8%3D 10.1038/9642 Kruglyak L. Prospects for whole-genome linkage disequilibrium mapping of common disease genes. Nat Genet 1999; 22: 139–44
128. 128. A Collins C Lonjou NE Morton 1999 Genetic epidemiology of single nucleotide polymorphisms Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 96 15173 7 10611357 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXhtFaqtQ%3D%3D 10.1073/pnas.96.26.15173 Collins A, Lonjou C, Morton NE. Genetic epidemiology of single nucleotide polymorphisms. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1999; 96: 15173–7
129. 129. J Otto 2000 Predicting the range of linkage disequilibrium Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 97 2 3 10.1073/pnas.97.1.2 Otto J. Predicting the range of linkage disequilibrium. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2000; 97: 2–3