Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse-transcriptase and protease subtypes: Classification, amino acid mutation patterns, and prevalence in a northern California clinic-based population

Journal of Infectious Diseases

Volumn 184, Issue 8, 2001, Pages 998-1006

  Gonzales, M J ^a   Machekano, R N ^a   Shafer, R W ^a  

^a STANFORD UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

PROTEINASE INHIBITOR; RECEPTOR SUBTYPE; RNA DIRECTED DNA POLYMERASE;

AMINO ACID SUBSTITUTION; ARTICLE; DISEASE CLASSIFICATION; GENETIC ANALYSIS; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS 1; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE; PHYLOGENY; POPULATION RESEARCH; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; UNINDEXED SEQUENCE; VIRUS GENOME; VIRUS LOAD;

AMINO ACID SEQUENCE; GENOME, VIRAL; HIV PROTEASE; HIV-1; HIV-1 REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE; HUMANS; MUTATION; NORTH CAROLINA; PHYLOGENY; SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; SEQUENCE HOMOLOGY, AMINO ACID;

EID: 0035887670     PISSN: 00221899     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1086/323601     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. HIV-1 nomenclature proposal: A reference guide to HIV-1 classification
2. HIV-1 nomenclature proposal
3. Timing the ancestor of the HIV-1 pandemic strains
4. Genetic diversity of HIV-1: The moving target
5. Antiretroviral drug resistance testing in adult HIV-1 infection: Recommendations of an international AIDS Society-USA panel
6. Clinical and laboratory guidelines for the use of HIV-1 drug resistance testing as part of treatment management: Recommendations for the European setting
7. Genetic diversity of protease and reverse transcriptase sequences in non-subtype-B human immunodeficiency virus type 1 strains: Evidence of many minor drug resistance mutations in treatment-naive patients
8. Protease sequences from HIV-1 group M subtypes A-H reveal distinct amino acid mutation patterns associated with protease resistance in protease inhibitor-naive individuals worldwide
9. Use of drug resistance sequence data for the systematic detection of non-B human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) subtypes: How to create a sentinel site for monitoring the genetic diversity of HIV-1 at a country scale
10. Impact of HIV type 1 subtype variation on viral RNA quantitation
11. fastDNAmL: A tool for construction of phylogenetic trees of DNA sequences using maximum likelihood
12. A simple method for estimating evolutionary rates of base substitutions through comparative studies of nucleotide sequences
13. Dating of the human-ape splitting by a molecular clock of mitochondrial DNA
14. Approximate methods for estimating the pattern of nucleotide substitution and the variation of substitution rates among sites
15. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 genetic evolution in children with different rates of development of disease
16. Simple methods for estimating the numbers of synonymous and nonsynonymous nucleotide substitutions
17. Signature pattern analysis: A method for assessing viral sequence relatedness
18. Reproducibility of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) protease and reverse transcriptase sequencing of plasma samples from heavily treated HIV-1-infected individuals
19. Mutations in retroviral genes associated with drug resistance
20. Human immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptase and protease sequence database
21. Full genome sequences of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtypes G and A/G intersubtype recombinants
22. Circulation of subtype A and gagA/envB recombinant HIV type 1 strains among injecting drug users in St. Petersburg, Russia: Correlates with geographical origin of infections
23. Virtually full-length subtype F and F/D recombinant HIV-1 from Africa and South America
24. A comprehensive panel of nearfull-length clones and reference sequences for non-subtype B isolates of human immunodeficiency virus type 1
25. Identification of breakpoints in intergenotypic recombinants of HIV type 1 by bootscanning
26. The use of protease and reverse transcriptase sequences for the identification of intersubtype recombinant HIV strains
27. Identification of a clinical isolate of HIV-1 with an isoleucine at position 82 of the protease which retains susceptibility to protease inhibitors
28. Naturally occurring decreased susceptibility of HIV-1 subtype G to protease inhibitors
29. Reduced susceptibility of HIV-1 to protease inhibitors from patients with primary HIV infection by three distinct routes
30. Polymorphism of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) protease gene and response of HIV-1-infected patients to a protease inhibitor
31. Selected secondary mutations in the protease region can be independent predictors of virologic failure in antiretroviral-naive patients treated with protease inhibitor-containing HAART regimens
32. Prevalence of resistance-associated mutations in patients starting antivirals: Virologic response after approximately one year of therapy
33. Variant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 proteases and response to combination therapy including a protease inhibitor
34. Sequence and drug susceptibility of subtype C reverse transcriptase from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 seroconverters in Zimbabwe
35. Sequence and drug susceptibility of subtype C protease from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 seroconverters in Zimbabwe
36. Drug susceptibility of subtypes A, B, C, D, and E human immunodeficiency virus type 1 primary isolates
37. Genetic variation and susceptibilities to protease inhibitors among subtype B and F isolates in Brazil
38. Use of a drug resistance sequence database to determine the prevalence of non-subtype B HIV-1 infections in US and Euopean clinical cohorts
39. Presence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 subtype A infection in a New York community with high HIV prevalence: A sentinel site for monitoring HIV genetic diversity in North America
40. Subtype analysis of 1831 European HIV-1 protease and reverse transcriptase pol gene sequences collected from clinical studies
41. Most HIV-1 genetic subtypes have entered Sweden
42. Increasing diversity of HIV-1 M serotypes in French blood donors over a 10-year period (1985-1995)
43. Large proportion of non-B HIV-1 subtypes and presence of zidovudine resistance mutations among German seroconvertors