Polymorphism of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) protease gene and response of HIV-1-infected patients to a protease inhibitor

Journal of Clinical Microbiology

Volumn 37, Issue 9, 1999, Pages 2910-2912

  Bossi, Philippe ^a   Mouroux, Mireille ^a   Yvon, Anne ^a   Bricaire, François ^a   Agut, Henri ^a   Huraux, Jean Marie ^a   Katlama, Christine ^a   Calvez, Vincent ^a  

^a PITIÉ SALPÊTRIÈRE HOSPITAL   (France)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

INDINAVIR; PROTEINASE; PROTEINASE INHIBITOR; RITONAVIR; RNA DIRECTED DNA POLYMERASE INHIBITOR; SAQUINAVIR;

ARTICLE; CONSENSUS SEQUENCE; DRUG EFFICACY; GENETIC POLYMORPHISM; GENOTYPE; HUMAN; HUMAN CELL; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS 1; HUMAN TISSUE; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; PREDICTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEINASE INHIBITION; SEQUENCE ANALYSIS;

EID: 0032779972     PISSN: 00951137     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1128/jcm.37.9.2910-2912.1999     Document Type: Article

References (26)

1. Condra, J. H., W. A. Schleif, O. M. Blahy, L. J. Gabryelski, D. J. Graham, J. C. Quintero, A. Rhodes, H. L. Robbins, E. Roth, and M. Shivaprakash. 1995. In vivo emergence of HIV-1 variants resistant to multiple protease inhibitors. Nature 374:569-571.
2. Condra, J. H., D. J. Holder, W. A. Schleif, O. M. Blahy, R. M. Danovich, L. J. Gabryelski, D. J. Graham, D. Laird, J. C. Quintero, A. Rhodes, H. L. Robbins, E. Roth, M. Shivaprakash, T. Yang, J. A. Chodakewitz, P. J. Deutsch, R. Y. Leavitt, F. E. Massari, J. W. Mellors, K. E. Squires, R. T. Steigbigel, H. Teppler, and E. A. Emini. 1996. Genetic correlates of in vivo viral resistance to indinavir, a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease inhibitor. J. Virol. 70:8270-8276.
3. Craig, C., E. Race, J. Sheldon, L. Whittaker, S. Gilbert, A. Mofatt, S. Rose, S. Dissanayeke, G.-W. Chirn, I. B. Duncan, and N. Cammak. 1998. HIV protease genotype and viral sensitivity to HIV protease inhibitors following saquinavir therapy. AIDS 12:1611-1618.
4. Eberle, J., B. Bechowsky, D. Rose, U. Hauser, K. von der Helm, L. Gurtler, and H. Nitschko. 1995. Resistance of HIV type 1 to proteinase inhibitor RO 31-8959. AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 11:671-676.
5. Flexner, C. 1998. HIV-protease inhibitors. N. Engl. J. Med. 338:1281-1292.
6. Gulnik, S. V., L. I. Suvorov, B. Liu, B. Yu, B. Anderson, H. Mitsuya, and J. W. Erickson. 1995. Kinetic characterization and cross-resistance patterns of HIV-1 protease mutants selected under drug pressure. Biochemistry 34: 9282-9287.
7. 2-symmetric protease inhibitor. J. Virol. 68:2016-2020.
8. Jacobsen, H., M. Hanggi, M. Ott, I. B. Duncan, S. Owen, M. Andreoni, S. Vella, and J. Mous. 1996. In vivo resistance to a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 proteinase inhibitor: mutations, kinetics and frequencies. J. Infect. Dis. 173:1379-1387.
9. Jacobsen, H., K. Yasargil, D. L. Winslow, J. C. Craig, A. Krohn, I. B. Duncan, and J. Mous. 1995. Characterization of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 mutants with decreased sensitivity to proteinase inhibitor Ro 31-8959. Virology 206:527-534.
10. Kaplan, A. H., S. F. Michael, R. S. Wehbie, M. F. Knigge, D. A. Paul, L. Everitt, D. J. Kempf, D. W. Norbeck, J. W. Erickson, and R. Swanstrom. 1994. Selection of multiple HIV-1 variants with decreased sensitivity to an inhibitor of the viral protease. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91:5597-5601.
11. King, R., S. Garber, and A. Winslow. 1995. Multiple mutations in the human immunodeficiency virus protease gene are responsible for decreased susceptibility to protease inhibitors. Antivir. Chem. Chemother. 6:80-88.
12. Kozal, M. J., N. Shah, N. Shen, R. Yang, R. Fucini, T. C. Merigan, D. D. Richman, D. Morris, E. Hubbell, M. Chee, and T. R. Gingeras. 1996. Extensive polymorphisms observed in HIV-1 clade B protease gene high-density oligonucleotide arrays. Nat. Med. 7:753-759.
13. Lech, W. J., G. Wang, Y. L. Yang, Y. Chee, K. Dorman, D. McCrae, L. C. Lazzeroni, J. W. Erickson, J. S. Sinsheimer, and A. H. Kaplan. 1996. In vivo sequence diversity of the protease of human immunodeficiency virus type 1: presence of protease inhibitor-resistant variants in untreated subjects. J. Virol. 70:2038-2043.
14. Lloyd, R. M., Jr., J.-M. Lacroix, L. M. Hough, J. T. Houng, and P. M. Feorino. 1998. Polymorphic changes in HIV-1 pol as predictive molecular markers for resistance-associated mutations, abstr, I-76, p. 386. In Abstracts of the 38th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. American Society for Microbiology, Washington, D.C.
15. Los Alamos National Laboratory. 1987. Clade B consensus. In G. Myers, S. F. Joseph, A. B. Rabson, and T. F. Smith (ed.), Human retroviruses and AIDS. Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, N.Mex.
16. Markowitz, M., H. Mo, D. J. Kempf, D. W. Norbeck, T. N. Bhat, J. W. Erickson, and D. D. Ho. 1995. Selection and analysis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 variants with increased resistance to ABT-538, a novel protease inhibitor. J. Virol. 69:701-706.
17. Molls, A., M. Korneyeva, Q. Gao, S. Vasavanonda, P. J. Schipper, H. M. Mo, M. Markowitz, T. Chernyavskiy, P. Niu, N. Lyons, A. Hsu, G. R. Granneman, D. D. Ho, C. A. Boucher, J. M. Leonard, D. W. Norbeck, and D. J. Kempf. 1996. Ordered accumulation of mutations in HIV protease confers resistance to ritonavir. Nat. Med. 2:760-766.
18. Molla, A., G. Granneman, E. Sun, and D. Kempf. 1998. Recent developments in HIV protease inhibitor therapy. Antivir. Res. 39:1-23.
19. Otto, M. J., S. Garber, D. L. Winslow, C. D. Reid, P. Aldrich, P. K. Jadhav, C. E. Patterson, C. N. Hodge, and Y. S. Cheng. 1993. In vitro isolation and identification of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) isolates with reduced sensitivity to C-2 symmetrical inhibitors of HIV type 1 protease. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90:7543-7547.
20. Patick, A. K., H. Mo, M. Markowitz, K. Appelt, B. Wu, L. Musick, V. Kalish, S. Kaldor, S. Reich, D. Ho, and S. Webber. 1996. Antiviral and resistance studies of AG1343, an orally bioavailable inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus protease. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 40:292-297.
21. Roberts, N., J. Craig, and J. Sheldon. 1998. Resistance and cross-resistance with saquinavir and other HIV protease inhibitors: theory and practice. AIDS 12:453-460.
22. Roberts, N. 1995. Drug-resistance patterns of saquinavir and other HIV proteinase inhibitors. AIDS 9(Suppl. 2):S27-S32.
23. Schinazi, R., B. Larder, and J. Mellors. 1997. Mutations in retroviral genes associated with drug resistance. Int. Antivir. News 5:1-14.
24. Schmit, J. C., L. Ruiz, B. Clotet, A. Raventos, J. Tor, J. Leonard, J. Desmyter, E. De Clercq, and A. M. Vandamme. 1996. Resistance-related mutations in the HIV-1 protease gene of patients treated for 1 year with the protease inhibitor ritonavir (ABT-538). AIDS 10:995-999.
25. Tisdale, M., R. Myers, B. Maschen, N. Parry, N. Oliver, and E. Blair. 1995. Cross-resistance analysis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 variants individually selected for resistance to five different protease inhibitors. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 39:1704-1710.
26. Vasudevachari, M. B., Y.-M. Zhang, H. Imamichi, T. Imamichi, J. Falloon, and N. P. Salzman. 1996. Emergence of protease inhibitor resistance mutations in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolates from patients and rapid screening procedure for their detection. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 40:2535-2541.