Genetic variation and susceptibilities to protease inhibitors among subtype B and F isolates in Brazil

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy

Volumn 43, Issue 2, 1999, Pages 253-258

  Tanuri, Amilcar ^a   Vicente, Ana C P ^b   Otsuki, Koko ^b   Ramos, Carlos A ^c   Ferreira Jr , Orlando C ^d   Schechter, Mauro ^a   Janini, Luis M ^b   Pieniazek, Danuta ^c   Rayfield, Mark A ^c  

^a FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF RIO DE JANEIRO   (Brazil)

^b INSTITUTO OSWALDO CRUZ   (Brazil)

^c CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION   (United States)

^d Albert Einstein Blood Bank   (Brazil)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTIRETROVIRUS AGENT; DIDANOSINE; PROTEINASE INHIBITOR; ZIDOVUDINE;

ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY; ARTICLE; BRAZIL; CLINICAL ARTICLE; GENETIC VARIABILITY; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS 1; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; VIRUS GENE;

EID: 0032995647     PISSN: 00664804     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1128/aac.43.2.253     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. Balfe, P., P. Simmonds, C. A. Ludlam, J. O. Bishop, and A. J. Brown. 1990. Concurrent evolution of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in patients infected from the same source: rate of sequence change and low frequency of inactivating mutations. J. Virol. 64:6221-6233.
2. Brodine, S. K., J. R. Mascola, P. J. Weiss, S. I. Ito, K. R. Porter, A. W. Artenstein, F. C. Garland, F. E. McCutchan, and D. S. Burke. 1995. Detection of diverse HIV-1 genetic subtypes in the USA. Lancet 346:1198-1199.
3. Coffin, J. M. 1996. HIV population dynamics in vivo: implications for genetic variation, pathogenesis, and therapy. Science 271:670-671.
4. Condra, J. H., D. J. Holder, W. A. Schleif, O. M. Blahy, R. M. Danovich, L. J. Gabryelski, D. J. Graham, D. Laird, J. C. Quintero, A. Rhodes, H. L. Robbins, E. Roth, M. Shivaprakash, T. Yang, J. A. Chodakewitz, P. J. Deutsch, R. Y. Leavitt, F. E. Massari, J. W. Mellors, K. E. Squires, R. T. Steigbigel, H. Teppler, and E. A. Emini. 1996. Genetic correlates of in vivo viral resistance to indinavir, a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease inhibitor. J. Virol. 70:8270-8276.
5. da Costa, S. M., M. Schechter, N. Shindo, A. C. Vicente, E. F. Oliveira, M. E. Pinto, and A. Tanuri. 1995. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis of glycoprotein 120 of an HIV type 1 variant (GWGR) prevalent in Brazil. AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 11:1143-1145.
6. Domingo, E. 1992. Genetic variation and quasi-species. Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 2:61-63.
7. Domingo, E., L. Menendez-Arias, M. E. Quinones-Mateu, A. Holguin, M. Gutierrez-Rivas, M. A. Martinez, J. Quer, I. S. Novella, and J. J. Holland. 1997. Viral quasispecies and the problem of vaccine-escape and drug-resistant mutants. Prog. Drug Res. 48:99-128.
8. Eberle, J., B. Bechowsky, D. Rose, V. Hanser, K. Von Der Helm, L. Gurtter, and H. Nitschki. 1995. Resistance of HIV type 1 to proteinase inhibitor RO 31-8959. AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 11:671-676.
9. Fransen, K., A. Buve, J. N. Nkengasong, M. Laga, and G. van der Groen. 1996. Longstanding presence in Belgians of multiple non-B HIV-1 subtypes. Lancet 347:1403. (Letter.)
10. Hu, D. J., T. J. Dondero, M. A. Rayfield, J. R. George, G. Schochetman, H. W. Jaffe, C. C. Luo, M. L. Kalish, B. G. Weniger, C. P. Pau, C. A. Schable, and J. W. Curran. 1996. The emerging genetic diversity of HIV. The importance of global surveillance for diagnostics, research, and prevention. JAMA 275:210-216.
11. Janini, L. M., D. Pieniazek, J. M. Peralta, M. Schechter, A. Tanuri, A. C. Vicente, N. de la Torre, N. J. Pieniazek, C. C. Luo, M. L. Kalish, G. Schochetman, and M. A. Rayfield. 1996. Identification of single and dual infections with distinct subtypes of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 by using restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Virus Genes 13: 69-81.
12. Keulen, W., C. Boucher, and B. Berkhout. 1996. Nucleotide substitution patterns can predict the requirements for drug-resistance of HIV-1 proteins. Antivir. Res. 31:45-57.
13. Kozal, M. J., N. Shah, N. Shen, R. Yang, R. Fucini, T. C. Merigan, D. D. Richman, D. Morris, E. Hubhell, M. Chee, and T. R. Gingeras. 1996. Extensive polymorphisms observed in HIV-1 clade B protease gene using high-density oligonucleotide arrays. Nat. Med. 2:753-759.
14. Larder, B. A., and S. D. Kemp. 1989. Multiple mutations in HIV-1 reverse transcriptase confer high-level resistance to zidovudine (AZT). Science 246: 1155-1158.
15. Lasky, M., J. L. Perret, M. Peeters, F. Bibollet-Ruche, F. Liegeois, D. Patrel, S. Molinier, C. Gras, and E. Delaporte. 1997. Presence of multiple non-B subtypes and divergent subtype B strains of HIV-1 in individuals infected after overseas deployment. AIDS 11:43-51.
16. Lillehoj, E. P., F. H. R. Salazar, R. J. Mervis, M. G. Raum, H. W. Chan, N. Ahmad, and S. Venkatesan, 1988. Purification and structural characterization of the putative gag-pol protease of human immunodeficiency virus. J. Virol. 62:3053-3058.
17. Louwagie, J., F. E. McCutchan, M. Peeters, T. P. Brennan, E. Sanders-Buell, A. Eddy, G. van der Groen, K. Fransen, G. M. Gershy-Damet, R. Deleys, and D. S. Burke. 1993. Phylogenetic analysis of gag genes from 70 international HIV-1 isolates provides evidence for multiple genotypes. AIDS 7:769-780.
18. Marquina, S., T. Leitner, R. D. Rabinovich, J. Benetucci, O. Libonatti, and J. Albert. 1996. Coexistence of subtypes B. F. and as B/F env recombinant of HIV type 1 in Buenos Aires, Argentina. AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 12:1651-1654.
19. Mellors, J. W., R. F. Schinazi, and B. A. Larder. 1996. Mutations in retroviral genes associated with drug resistance, p. 215-235. In G. Mayers (ed.), Human retroviruses and AIDS: a compilation and analysis of nucleic acid and and amino acid sequences. Theoretical Biology and Biophysics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, N.Mex.
20. Molla, A., M. Korneyeva, Q. Gao, S. Vasavanonda, P. J. Schipper, H. M. Mo, M. Markowitz, T. Chernyavskiy, P. Niu, N. Lyons, A. Hsu, G. R. Granneman, D. D. Ho, C. A. Boucher, J. M. Leonard, D. W. Norbeck, and D. J. Kempf. 1996. Ordered accumulation of mutations in HIV protease confers resistance to ritonavir. Nat. Med. 2:760-766.
21. Morgado, M. G., E. C. Sabino, E. G. Shpaer, V. Bongertz, L. Brigido, M. D. Guimaraes, E. A. Castilho, B. Galvao-Castro, J. I. Mullins, R. M. Hendry, and A. Mayer. 1994. V3 region polymorphisms in HIV-1 from Brazil: prevalence of subtype B strains divergent from North American/European prototype and detection of subtype F. AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 10:569-576.
22. Myers, G., B. Korber, S. Wain-Hobson, R. Smith, and G. N. Pavalaskis. 1995. Human retroviruses and AIDS: a compilation and analysis of nucleic acid and and amino acid sequences. Theoretical Biology and Biophysics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, N.Mex.
23. Nei, M., and T. Gojobori. 1986. Simple methods for estimating the numbers of synonymous and nonsynonymous nucleotide substitutions. Mol. Biol. Evol. 3:418-426.
24. Pauwels, R., K. Andries, J. Desmyter, D. Sehols, M. J. Kukla, H. J. Breslin, A. Raeymaeckers, J. Van Gelder, R. Woestenborghs, J. Heykants, K. Schellekans, M. Janssen, E. de Clercq, and P. Janssen. 1990. Potent and selective inhibition of HIV-1 replication in vitro by a novel series of TIBO derivatives. Nature 343:470-474.
25. Potts, K. E., M. L. Kalish, T. Lott, G. Orloff, C. C. Luo, M. A. Bernard, C. B. Alves, R. Badaro, J. Suleiman, O. Ferreira, G. Schochetman, W. D. Johnson, C.-Y. Ou, J. L. Ho, and the Brazilian Collaborative AIDS Research Group. 1993. Genetic heterogeneity of the V3 region of the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein in Brazil. AIDS 7:1191-1197.
26. Quinones-Mateu, M. E., A. Holguin, J. Dopazo, I. Najera, and E. Domingo. 1996. Point mutant frequencies in the pol gene of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 are two-to threefold lower than those of env. AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 12:1117-1128.
27. Ridky, T., and J. Leis. 1995. Development of drug resistance to HIV-1 protease inhibitors. J. Biol. Chem. 270:29621-29623.
28. Robertson, D. L., B. H. Hahn, and P. M. Sharp. 1995. Recombination in AIDS viruses. J. Mol. Evol. 40:249-259.
29. Robertson, D. L., P. M. Sharp, F. E. McCutchan, and B. H. Hahn. 1995. Recombination in HIV-1. Nature 374:124-126.
30. Rodrigo, A. G., and J. I. Mullins. 1996. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 molecular evolution and the measure of selection. AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 12:1681-1685.
31. Sabino, E. C., R. S. Diaz, L. F. Brigido, G. H. Learn, J. I. Mullins, A. L. Reingold, A. J. Duarte, A. Mayer, and M. P. Busch. 1996. Distribution of HIV-1 subtypes seen in an AIDS clinic in Sao Paulo City, Brazil. AIDS 10:1579-1584.
32. Seibert, S. A., C. Y. Howell, M. K. Hughes, and A. L. Hughes. 1995. Natural selection on the gag, pol, and env genes of human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1). Mol. Biol. Evol. 12:803-813.
33. Seillier-Moiseiwitsch, F., B. H. Margolin, and R. Swanstrom. 1994. Genetic variability of the human immunodeficiency virus: statistical and biological issues. Annu. Rev. Genet. 28:559-596.
34. Sham, H. L., C. Zhao, K. D. Stewart, D. A. Betebenner, S. Lin, C. H. Park, X. P. Kong, W. Rosenbrook, Jr., T. Herrin, D. Madigan, S. Vasavanonda, N. Lyons, A. Molla, A. Saldivar, K. C. Marsh, E. McDonald, N. E. Wideburg, J. F. Denissen, T. Robins, D. J. Kempf, J. J. Plattner, and D. W. Norbeck. 1995. A novel, picomolar inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease. J. Med. Chem. 39:392-397.
35. Subbaro, S., and G. Schochetman. 1996. Genetic variability of HIV-1. AIDS 10(Suppl. A):S13-S23.
36. Tisdale, M., S. D. Kemp, N. R. Parry, and B. A. Larder. 1993. Rapid in vitro selection of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 resistant to 3′-thiacytidine inhibitors due to a mutation in the YMDD region of reverse transcriptase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90:5653-5656.
37. Williams, K. J., and L. A. Loeb. 1992. Retroviral reverse transcriptases: error frequencies and mutagenesis. Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol. 176:165-180.
38. Winslow, D. L., S. Stack, R. King, H. Scarnati, A. Bincsik, and M. J. Otto. 1995. Limited sequence diversity of the HIV type 1 protease gene from clinical isolates and in vitro susceptibility to HIV protease inhibitors. AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 11:107-113.
39. Wolinsky, S. M., B. T. Korber, A. U. Neumann, M. Daniels, K. J. Kunstman. A. J. Whetsell, M. R. Furtado, Y. Cao, D. D. Ho, J. T. Safrit, and R. A. Koup. 1996. Adaptive evolution of human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 during the natural course of infection. Science 272:537-542.