메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 28, Issue 2, 2001, Pages 181-207

Critiquing the image: Testing image adwatches as journalistic reform

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords


EID: 0035611837     PISSN: 00936502     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/009365001028002003     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (8)

References (60)
  • 1
    • 0038918340 scopus 로고
    • TV-spot critics: "Boring and biased"
    • Ailes, R. (1991). TV-spot critics: "Boring and biased." Washington Journalism Review, 13(1), 27.
    • (1991) Washington Journalism Review , vol.13 , Issue.1 , pp. 27
    • Ailes, R.1
  • 4
    • 0031285368 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing the impact of ad watches on the strategic decision-making process: A comparative analysis of ad watches in the 1992 and 1996 presidential elections
    • Bennett, C. (1997). Assessing the impact of ad watches on the strategic decision-making process: A comparative analysis of ad watches in the 1992 and 1996 presidential elections. American Behavioral Scientist, 40(8), 1161-1182.
    • (1997) American Behavioral Scientist , vol.40 , Issue.8 , pp. 1161-1182
    • Bennett, C.1
  • 5
    • 0039565637 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A functional approach to televised political spots: Acclaiming, attacking, defending
    • Benoit, W. L., Pier, P. M., & Blaney, J. R. (1997). A functional approach to televised political spots: Acclaiming, attacking, defending. Communication Quarterly, 45(1), 1-20
    • (1997) Communication Quarterly , vol.45 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-20
    • Benoit, W.L.1    Pier, P.M.2    Blaney, J.R.3
  • 6
    • 0000836730 scopus 로고
    • Content of television political spot ads for female candidates
    • Benze, J. G., & DeClercq, E. R. (1985). Content of television political spot ads for female candidates. Journalism Quarterly, 62, 278-283.
    • (1985) Journalism Quarterly , vol.62 , pp. 278-283
    • Benze, J.G.1    DeClercq, E.R.2
  • 7
    • 85067521753 scopus 로고
    • In search of the model model: Political science versus political advertising perspectives on voter decision making
    • F. Biocca (Ed.), Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum
    • Boiney, J., & Paletz, D. (1991). In search of the model model: Political science versus political advertising perspectives on voter decision making. In F. Biocca (Ed.), Television and political advertising, vol. 1: Psychological processes (pp. 3-26). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
    • (1991) Television and Political Advertising, Vol. 1: Psychological Processes , vol.1 , pp. 3-26
    • Boiney, J.1    Paletz, D.2
  • 8
    • 0011476176 scopus 로고
    • Should news media police the accuracy of the ads?
    • January 19
    • Broder, D. S. (1989, January 19). Should news media police the accuracy of the ads? The Washington Post, p. A22.
    • (1989) The Washington Post , pp. A22
    • Broder, D.S.1
  • 9
    • 0000640088 scopus 로고
    • Children's use of cognitive defenses against television advertising: A cognitive response approach
    • Brucks, M., Armstrong, G. M., & Goldberg, M. D. (1988). Children's use of cognitive defenses against television advertising: A cognitive response approach. Journal of Consumer Research, 14, 471-482.
    • (1988) Journal of Consumer Research , vol.14 , pp. 471-482
    • Brucks, M.1    Armstrong, G.M.2    Goldberg, M.D.3
  • 10
    • 84965443256 scopus 로고
    • Broadcast adwatch effects: A field experiment
    • Cappella, J. N., & Jamieson, K. H. (1994). Broadcast adwatch effects: A field experiment. Communication Research, 21, 346-365.
    • (1994) Communication Research , vol.21 , pp. 346-365
    • Cappella, J.N.1    Jamieson, K.H.2
  • 11
    • 84965443396 scopus 로고
    • Political knowledge and the campaign media of 1992
    • Chaffee, S., Zhao, X., & Leshner, G. (1994). Political knowledge and the campaign media of 1992. Communication Research, 21(3), 305-324.
    • (1994) Communication Research , vol.21 , Issue.3 , pp. 305-324
    • Chaffee, S.1    Zhao, X.2    Leshner, G.3
  • 13
    • 84970241417 scopus 로고
    • Political cues and the perception of candidates
    • Conover, P. J. (1981). Political cues and the perception of candidates. American Politics Quarterly, 9, 427-448.
    • (1981) American Politics Quarterly , vol.9 , pp. 427-448
    • Conover, P.J.1
  • 14
    • 0001821721 scopus 로고
    • Political commercials in American presidential elections
    • L. L. Kaid & C. Holtz-Bacha (Eds.), Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
    • Devlin, L. P. (1995). Political commercials in American presidential elections. In L. L. Kaid & C. Holtz-Bacha (Eds.), Political advertising in western democracies: Parties & candidates on television (pp. 186-205). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
    • (1995) Political Advertising in Western Democracies: Parties & Candidates on Television , pp. 186-205
    • Devlin, L.P.1
  • 15
    • 0001021654 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Voter learning in the 1996 presidential election: Did the media matter?
    • Drew, D., & Weaver, D. (1998). Voter learning in the 1996 presidential election: Did the media matter? Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly, 75(2), 292-301.
    • (1998) Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly , vol.75 , Issue.2 , pp. 292-301
    • Drew, D.1    Weaver, D.2
  • 17
    • 0001771714 scopus 로고
    • Recall of information from political advertising
    • Faber, R., & Storey, M. C. (1984). Recall of information from political advertising, Journal of Advertising, 13(3), 39-44.
    • (1984) Journal of Advertising , vol.13 , Issue.3 , pp. 39-44
    • Faber, R.1    Storey, M.C.2
  • 18
    • 0038873146 scopus 로고
    • Candidate image formation: The role of information processing
    • L. L. Kaid, D. Nimmo, & K. R. Sanders (Eds.), Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University Press
    • Garramone, G. M. (1986). Candidate image formation: The role of information processing. In L. L. Kaid, D. Nimmo, & K. R. Sanders (Eds.), New perspectives on political advertising (pp. 235-247). Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University Press.
    • (1986) New Perspectives on Political Advertising , pp. 235-247
    • Garramone, G.M.1
  • 19
    • 85067439247 scopus 로고
    • The effects of visual structure and content emphasis on the evaluation and memory for political candidates
    • F. Biocca (Ed.), Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum
    • Geiger, S., & Reeves, B. (1991). The effects of visual structure and content emphasis on the evaluation and memory for political candidates. In F. Biocca (Ed.), Television and political advertising, vol. 1: Psychological processes (pp. 125-144). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
    • (1991) Television and Political Advertising, Vol. 1: Psychological Processes , vol.1 , pp. 125-144
    • Geiger, S.1    Reeves, B.2
  • 20
    • 0039172724 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A content analysis of CNN "inside politics" adwatch coverage of high-profile, nonpresidential races
    • L. L. Kaid & D. G. Bystrom (Eds.), Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum
    • Gobetz, R. H., & Chanslor, M. (1999). A content analysis of CNN "Inside Politics" adwatch coverage of high-profile, nonpresidential races. In L. L. Kaid & D. G. Bystrom (Eds.), The electronic election: Perspectives on the 1996 campaign communication (pp. 113-122). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
    • (1999) The Electronic Election: Perspectives on the 1996 Campaign Communication , pp. 113-122
    • Gobetz, R.H.1    Chanslor, M.2
  • 21
    • 84972627108 scopus 로고
    • TV network news and advertising in the Nixon and McGovern campaigns
    • Hofstetter, C. R., & Zukin, C. (1979). TV network news and advertising in the Nixon and McGovern campaigns. Journalism Quarterly, 56, 106-115, 152.
    • (1979) Journalism Quarterly , vol.56 , pp. 106-115
    • Hofstetter, C.R.1    Zukin, C.2
  • 22
    • 84987590646 scopus 로고
    • Generalizing about messages: Suggestions for design and analysis of experiments
    • Jackson, S., & Jacobs, S. (1983). Generalizing about messages: Suggestions for design and analysis of experiments. Human Communication Research, 9, 169-191.
    • (1983) Human Communication Research , vol.9 , pp. 169-191
    • Jackson, S.1    Jacobs, S.2
  • 24
    • 23544434289 scopus 로고
    • Political ads, the press, and lessons in psychology
    • September 28
    • Jamieson, K. H. (1994, September 28). Political ads, the press, and lessons in psychology. The Chronicle of Higher Education, p. A56.
    • (1994) The Chronicle of Higher Education , pp. A56
    • Jamieson, K.H.1
  • 27
    • 0002199931 scopus 로고
    • The content of political spot ads
    • Joslyn, R. (1980). The content of political spot ads. Journalism Quarterly, 57, 92-98.
    • (1980) Journalism Quarterly , vol.57 , pp. 92-98
    • Joslyn, R.1
  • 28
    • 0001960916 scopus 로고
    • Political advertising in the 1992 campaign
    • R. E. Denton (Ed.), Westport, CT: Praeger
    • Kaid, L. L. (1994). Political advertising in the 1992 campaign. In R. E. Denton (Ed.), The 1992 presidential campaign: A communication perspective (pp. 111-127). Westport, CT: Praeger.
    • (1994) The 1992 Presidential Campaign: A Communication Perspective , pp. 111-127
    • Kaid, L.L.1
  • 29
    • 85055296261 scopus 로고
    • Television news and presidential campaigns: The legitimization of televised political advertising
    • Kaid, L. L., Gobetz, R. H., Garner, J., Leland, C. M., & Scott, D. K. (1993). Television news and presidential campaigns: The legitimization of televised political advertising. Social Science Quarterly, 74(2), 274-285.
    • (1993) Social Science Quarterly , vol.74 , Issue.2 , pp. 274-285
    • Kaid, L.L.1    Gobetz, R.H.2    Garner, J.3    Leland, C.M.4    Scott, D.K.5
  • 30
    • 84929669886 scopus 로고
    • Negative versus positive television advertising in U.S. presidential campaigns, 1960-1988
    • Kaid, L. L., & Johnston, A. (1991). Negative versus positive television advertising in U.S. presidential campaigns, 1960-1988. Journal of Communication, 41, 53-64.
    • (1991) Journal of Communication , vol.41 , pp. 53-64
    • Kaid, L.L.1    Johnston, A.2
  • 31
    • 0002436964 scopus 로고
    • Political television commercials: An experimental study of type and length
    • Kaid, L. L., & Sanders, K. R. (1978). Political television commercials: An experimental study of type and length. Communication Research, 5(1), 57-70.
    • (1978) Communication Research , vol.5 , Issue.1 , pp. 57-70
    • Kaid, L.L.1    Sanders, K.R.2
  • 33
    • 0040266854 scopus 로고
    • Voter rationality and media excess: Image in the 1992 presidential campaign
    • R. E. Denton, Jr. (Ed.), Westport, CT: Praeger
    • Louden, A. (1994). Voter rationality and media excess: Image in the 1992 presidential campaign. In R. E. Denton, Jr. (Ed.), The 1992 presidential campaign: A communication perspective (pp. 169-187). Westport, CT: Praeger.
    • (1994) The 1992 Presidential Campaign: A Communication Perspective , pp. 169-187
    • Louden, A.1
  • 34
    • 85084894800 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Problem-solving transfer
    • D. C. Berliner & R. C. Calfee (Eds.), New York: Simon & Schuster Macmillan
    • Mayer, R. E., & Wittrock, M. C. (1996). Problem-solving transfer. In D. C. Berliner & R. C. Calfee (Eds.), Handbook of Educational Psychology (pp. 47-62). New York: Simon & Schuster Macmillan.
    • (1996) Handbook of Educational Psychology , pp. 47-62
    • Mayer, R.E.1    Wittrock, M.C.2
  • 35
    • 85050709969 scopus 로고
    • The effectiveness of supportive and refutational defenses in immunizing and restoring beliefs against persuasion
    • McGuire, W. J. (1961). The effectiveness of supportive and refutational defenses in immunizing and restoring beliefs against persuasion. Sociometry, 24, 184-197.
    • (1961) Sociometry , vol.24 , pp. 184-197
    • McGuire, W.J.1
  • 36
    • 0002247519 scopus 로고
    • A vaccine for brainwash
    • McGuire, W. J. (1970). A vaccine for brainwash. Psychology Today, 3, 36-39, 63-64.
    • (1970) Psychology Today , vol.3 , pp. 36-39
    • McGuire, W.J.1
  • 37
    • 0033447528 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exposing negative campaigning or enhancing advertising effects: An experimental study of adwatch effects on voters' evaluations of candidates and their ads
    • McKinnon, L. M., & Kaid, L. L. (1999). Exposing negative campaigning or enhancing advertising effects: An experimental study of adwatch effects on voters' evaluations of candidates and their ads. Journal of Applied Communication Research, 27, 217-236.
    • (1999) Journal of Applied Communication Research , vol.27 , pp. 217-236
    • McKinnon, L.M.1    Kaid, L.L.2
  • 38
    • 0011504250 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Policing political ads: An analysis of five leading newspapers' responses to 1992 political advertisements
    • McKinnon, L. M., Kaid, L. L., Murphy, J., & Acree, C. K. (1996). Policing political ads: An analysis of five leading newspapers' responses to 1992 political advertisements. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 73(1), 66-76.
    • (1996) Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly , vol.73 , Issue.1 , pp. 66-76
    • McKinnon, L.M.1    Kaid, L.L.2    Murphy, J.3    Acree, C.K.4
  • 40
    • 0030528192 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Technology and roles: A tale of two TVs
    • Nass, C., Reeves, B., & Leshner, G. (1996). Technology and roles: A tale of two TVs. Journal of Communication, 46(2), 121-128.
    • (1996) Journal of Communication , vol.46 , Issue.2 , pp. 121-128
    • Nass, C.1    Reeves, B.2    Leshner, G.3
  • 41
    • 0001516034 scopus 로고
    • Differential criteria for evaluating credibility of newspapers and TV news
    • Newhagen, J., & Nass, C. (1989). Differential criteria for evaluating credibility of newspapers and TV news. Journalism Quarterly, 66(2), 277-284.
    • (1989) Journalism Quarterly , vol.66 , Issue.2 , pp. 277-284
    • Newhagen, J.1    Nass, C.2
  • 42
    • 84973219272 scopus 로고
    • Does the watchdog bite? Newspaper ad watch articles and political attack ads
    • O'Sullivan, P. B., & Geiger, S. (1995). Does the watchdog bite? Newspaper ad watch articles and political attack ads. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 72(4), 771-785.
    • (1995) Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly , vol.72 , Issue.4 , pp. 771-785
    • O'Sullivan, P.B.1    Geiger, S.2
  • 45
    • 0003120268 scopus 로고
    • Inoculation in political campaign communication
    • Pfau, M., & Burgoon, M. (1988). Inoculation in political campaign communication. Human Communication Research, 15, 91-111.
    • (1988) Human Communication Research , vol.15 , pp. 91-111
    • Pfau, M.1    Burgoon, M.2
  • 47
    • 84965428294 scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness of adwatch formats in deflecting political attack ads
    • Pfau, M., & Louden, A. (1994). Effectiveness of adwatch formats in deflecting political attack ads. Communication Research, 21, 325-341.
    • (1994) Communication Research , vol.21 , pp. 325-341
    • Pfau, M.1    Louden, A.2
  • 48
  • 49
    • 0008734007 scopus 로고
    • Designing experiments that assess psychological responses to media messages
    • A. Lang (Ed.), Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum
    • Reeves, B., & Geiger, S. (1994). Designing experiments that assess psychological responses to media messages. In A. Lang (Ed.), Measuring psychological responses to media (pp. 165-180). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
    • (1994) Measuring Psychological Responses to Media , pp. 165-180
    • Reeves, B.1    Geiger, S.2
  • 50
    • 0032325835 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Building a better ad watch: Talking patterns to the American voter
    • Richardson, G., Jr. (1998). Building a better ad watch: Talking patterns to the American voter. Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics, 3(3), 76-95.
    • (1998) Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics , vol.3 , Issue.3 , pp. 76-95
    • Richardson, G.1
  • 51
    • 84953151591 scopus 로고
    • Children and commercials: Issues, evidence, intervention
    • J. Sprafkin, C. Swift, & R. Hess (Eds.), New York: Haworth
    • Roberts, D. F. (1983). Children and commercials: Issues, evidence, intervention. In J. Sprafkin, C. Swift, & R. Hess (Eds.), RX television: Enhancing the preventative impact of TV (pp. 19-35). New York: Haworth.
    • (1983) RX Television: Enhancing the Preventative Impact of TV , pp. 19-35
    • Roberts, D.F.1
  • 52
    • 0003296320 scopus 로고
    • The televised political spot: Its structure, content, and role in the political system
    • L. L. Kaid, D. Nimmo, & K. R. Sanders (Eds.), Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press
    • Shyles, L. (1986). The televised political spot: Its structure, content, and role in the political system. In L. L. Kaid, D. Nimmo, & K. R. Sanders (Eds.), New perspectives unpolitical advertising (pp. 107-138). Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press.
    • (1986) New Perspectives Unpolitical Advertising , pp. 107-138
    • Shyles, L.1
  • 53
    • 9444260918 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adolescent counterarguing of TV beer advertisements: Evidence for effectiveness of alcohol education and critical viewing discussions
    • Slater, M. D., Rouner, D., Murphy, D., Beauvais, F., Van Leuven, J., & Domenech-Rodriguez, M. M. (1996). Adolescent counterarguing of TV beer advertisements: Evidence for effectiveness of alcohol education and critical viewing discussions. Journal of Drug Education, 26(2), 143-158.
    • (1996) Journal of Drug Education , vol.26 , Issue.2 , pp. 143-158
    • Slater, M.D.1    Rouner, D.2    Murphy, D.3    Beauvais, F.4    Van Leuven, J.5    Domenech-Rodriguez, M.M.6
  • 54
  • 57
    • 84963443582 scopus 로고
    • Effects of issue-image strategies, attack and support appeals, music, and visual content in political commercials
    • Thorson, E., Christ, W. G., & Caywood, C. (1991a). Effects of issue-image strategies, attack and support appeals, music, and visual content in political commercials. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 35(4), 465-486.
    • (1991) Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media , vol.35 , Issue.4 , pp. 465-486
    • Thorson, E.1    Christ, W.G.2    Caywood, C.3
  • 58
    • 85067494635 scopus 로고
    • Selling candidates like tubes of toothpaste: Is the comparison apt?
    • F. Biocca (Ed.), Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum
    • Thorson, E., Christ, W. G., & Caywood, C. (1991b). Selling candidates like tubes of toothpaste: Is the comparison apt? In F. Biocca (Ed.), Television and political advertising, vol. 1: Psychological processes (pp. 145-172). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
    • (1991) Television and Political Advertising, Vol. 1: Psychological Processes , vol.1 , pp. 145-172
    • Thorson, E.1    Christ, W.G.2    Caywood, C.3
  • 60
    • 21344490397 scopus 로고
    • Cautious optimism: A new proactive role for local television news departments in election coverage?
    • Wicks, R. H., & Kern, M. (1993). Cautious optimism: A new proactive role for local television news departments in election coverage? American Behavioral Scientist, 37(2), 262-271.
    • (1993) American Behavioral Scientist , vol.37 , Issue.2 , pp. 262-271
    • Wicks, R.H.1    Kern, M.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.