Food habits of Cynopterus brachyotis (Muller) (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae) in Peninsular Malaysia

Journal of Tropical Ecology

Volumn 14, Issue 3, 1998, Pages 299-307

  Tan, K H ^a   Zubaid, A ^a   Kunz, T H ^b  

^a UNIVERSITI KEBANGSAAN MALAYSIA   (Malaysia)

^b Boston University   (United States)

Author keywords

Cynopterus brachyotis; Ficus; Flowers; Folivory; Fruits; Malaysia; Secondary forest

Indexed keywords

BAT; FEEDING BEHAVIOUR; FOLIVORY; FRUGIVORY; SEED DISPERSAL;

MALAYSIA, PENINSULAR;

CYNOPTERUS BRACHYOTIS; FICUS;

EID: 0031846282     PISSN: 02664674     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0266467498000236     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. BAKER, H. G. & HARRIS, B. J. 1957. The pollination of Parkin by bats and its attendant evolutionary problems. Evolution 11:449-460.
2. BARCLAY, R. M. R. 1994. Constraints on reproduction by flying vertebrates: energy and calcium. American Naturalist 144:1021-1031.
3. BHAT, H. R. 1994. Observations on the food and feeding behaviour of Cynopterus sphinx Vahl (Chiroptera, Pteropodidae) at Pune, India. Mammalia 58:363-370.
4. CHOO, G. M. WATERMAN, P. G., MCKEY, D. B. & GARTLAN, J. S. 1981. A simple enzyme assay for dry matter digestibility and its value in studying food selection by generalist herbivores. Oecologia 49:170-178.
5. CORNER, E. J. H. 1988. Wayside trees of Malaya. (3rd edition). Malayan Nature Society, Kuala Lumpur. 861 pp.
6. CUNNINGHAM VAN SOMERAN, G. R. 1972. Some fruit bats eat leaves. Bulletin of the East African Natural History Society 2:24-25.
7. FISCHER, E. A. 1992. Foraging of nectarivorous bats on Bauhinia ungulata. Biotropica 24:579-582.
8. FLEMING, T. H. 1982. Foraging strategies of plant-visiting bats. Pp. 287-325 in Kunz, T. H. (ed.). Ecology of bats. Plenum Press, New York.
9. FLEMING, T. H. & HEITHAUS, E. R. 1981. Frugivorous bats, seed shadows, and the structure of tropical forests. Biotropica 13:45-53.
10. FORMAN, G. L. 1990. Comparative macro- and microanatomy of the stomach in Macroglossine bats (Megachiroptera: Pteropodidae). Journal of Mammalogy 71:555-564.
11. FRANCIS, C. M. 1990. Trophic structure of bat communities in the understorey of lowland dipterocarp rainforest in Malaysia. Journal of Tropical Ecology 10:523-530.
12. FRANCIS, C. M. 1994. Vertical stratification of fruit bats (Pteropodidae) in lowland dipterocarp rainforest in Malaysia. Journal of Tropical Ecology 6:421-431.
13. FUNAKOSHI, K., WATANABE, H. & KUNISAKI, T. 1993. Feeding ecology of the Ryukyu fruit bat, Pteropus dasymallus dasymallus, in a warm-temperate region. Journal of Zoology, London 230:221-230.
14. HANDLEY, C. O., GARDNER, A. L. & WILSON, D. E. 1991. Food habits. Pp. 141-146 in Handley, C. O., Wilson, D. E. & Gardner, A. L. (eds). Demography and natural history of the common fruit bat, Artibeus jamaicensis, on Barro Colorado Island, Panama. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C.
15. HEITHAUS, E. R., OPLER, P. A. & BAKER, H. G. 1974. Bat activity and pollination of Bauhinia pauletia: plant-pollinator coevolution. Ecology 55:412-419.
16. HERRERA, C. M. 1987. Vertebrate-dispersed plants of the Iberian peninsula: a study of fruit characteristics. Ecological Monographs 57:305-331.
17. KITCHENER, D. J., GUNNELL, A. & MAHARADATUNKAMSI. 1990. Aspects of the feeding biology of fruit bats (Pteropodidae) on Lombok Island, Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Mammalia 54:561-578.
18. KREMPIN, J. 1993. Palms and cycads around the world. Krempln Books, Australia. 286 pp.
19. KUNZ, T. H. 1996. Obligate and opportunistic interactions of old-world bats and plants. Pp. 37-65 in Zainal, A. A. H. & Zubaid, A. (eds). Conservation and faunal biodiversity in Malaysia. Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi.
20. KUNZ, T. H. & DIAZ, C. A. 1995. Folivory in fruit-eating bats, with new evidence from Artibeus jamaicensis (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae). Biotropica 27:106-120.
21. KUNZ, T. H. & INGALLS, K. A. 1994. Folivory in bats: an adaptation derived from frugivory. Functional Ecology 8:665-668.
22. KWIECINSKI, G. G., KROOK, L. & WIMSATT, W. A. 1987. Annual skeletal changes in the little brown bat, Myotis lucifugus lucifugus, with particular reference to pregnancy and lactation. American Journal of Anatomy 178:410-420.
23. LATIFF, A. 1990. Ekologi and biologi hutan simpan Bangi. Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi. 286 pp.
24. LIM, B. L. 1966. Abundance and distribution of Malaysian bats in different ecological habitats. Federation Museums Journal 11:61-76.
25. LIM, B. L. 1970. Food habits and breeding cycle of the Malaysian fruit-eating bat, Cynopterus brachyotis. Journal of Mammalogy 51:174-177.
26. LOWRY, J. B. 1989. Green-leaf fractionation by fruit bats: is this feeding behaviour a unique nutritional strategy for herbivores? Australian Wildlife Research 16:203-206.
27. MARSHALL, A. G. 1983. Bats, flowers and fruits: evolutionary relationships in the Old World. Biological Journal of Linnean Society 20:115-135.
28. MARSHALL, A. G. 1985. Old World phytophagous bats (Megachirotera) and their food plants: a survey. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 83:351-369.
29. MEDWAY L. 1983. The wild mammals of Malaya (Peninsular Malaysia) and Singapore. (2nd edition). Oxford University Press, Kuala Lumpur. 131 pp.
30. MORRISON, D. W. 1978. Foraging ecology and energetics of the frugivorous bat Artibeus jamaicensis. Ecology 59:716-723.
31. MORRISON, D. W. 1980. Efficiency of food utilization by fruit bats. Oecologia 45:270-273.
32. NG, F. S. P. 1978. Tree flora of Malaya (Volume 3). Longman Group Limited, London. 339 pp.
33. NG, F. S. P. 1989. Tree flora of Malaya (Volume 4). Longman Malaysia Sdn. Bhd., Petaling Jaya. 560 pp.
34. PAPADIMITRIOU, H. M., SWARTZ, S. M. & KUNZ, T. H. 1996. Ontogenetic and anatomic variation in mineralization of the wing skeleton of the Mexican free-tailed bat, Tadarida brasiliensis. Journal of Zoology, London 240: 411-426.
35. PHUA, P. B. & CORLETT, R. T. 1989. Seed dispersal by the lesser short-nosed fruit bat (Cynopterus brachyotis, Pteropodidae, Megachiroptera). Malayan Nature Journal 42:251-256.
36. RASWEILER, J. J. IV. 1977. The care and management of bats as laboratory animals. Pp. 519-617 in Winsatt, W. A. (ed.). Biology of bats (Volume III). Academic Press, New York.
37. RICHARDSON, K. C., STUEBING, R. B. & NORMAH, H. K. 1987. Alimentary tract morphology and digestive transit of some Malaysian chiropterans. Indo-Malayan Zoology 4:399-412.
38. STELLAR, D. C. 1986. The dietary and energy requirements of the grey-headed flying fox, Pteropus poliocephalins (Temminck) (megachiroptera). Australian Journal of Zoology 34:339-349.
39. TAN, K. H., ZUBAID, A. & KUNZ, K. H. 1997. Tent construction and social organisation in Cynopterus brachyotis (Muller) (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae) in Peninsular Malaysia. Journal of Natural History 31:1605-1621.
40. TEDMAN, R. A. & HALL, L. S. 1985. The morphology of the gastrointestinal tract and food transit time in the fruit bats Pteropus alecto and P. polincephalus (Megachiroptera). Australian Journal of Zoology 33:625-640.
41. TELEK, L. & MARTIN, F. W. 1983. Tropical plants for leaf protein concentrates. Pp. 81-116 in Telek, L. & Graham, H. D. (eds). Leaf protein concentrates. AVI Publishing Company, Inc., Connecticut.
42. THOMAS, D. W. 1984. Fruit intake and energy budgets of frugivorous bats. Physiological Zoology 57:457-467.
43. THOMAS, D. W. 1988. Analysis of diets of plant-visiting bats. Pp. 211-220 in Kunz, T. H. (ed.). Ecological and behavioral methods for the study of bats. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C.
44. WHITMORE, T. C. 1972. Tree flora of Malaya (Volume 1). Longman Malaysia Limited, Kuala Lumpur. 473 pp.
45. WHITMORE, T. C. 1973. Tree flora of Malaya (Volume 2). Longman Group Limited, Kuala Lumpur, 444 pp.
46. WICKLER, W. & SEIBT, U. 1976. Field studies of the African Epomophorus wahlbergi (Sundovall), with special reference to male calling. Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie 40:345-376.
47. ZORTEA, M. & MENDES, S. L. 1993. Folivory in the big fruit-eating bat, Artibeus lituratus (Chiroptera: Phylloslomidae) in eastern Brazil. Journal of Tropical Ecology 9:117-120.
48. ZUBAID, A. 1993. A comparison of the bat fauna between a primary and fragmented secondary forest in Peninsular Malaysia. Mammalia 57: 201-206.
49. ZUBAID, A. 1994. Vertical stratification of pteropodid bats in a Malaysian lowland rainforest. Mammalia 58: 309-311.