Rapamycin in transplantation: A review of the evidence

Kidney International

Volumn 59, Issue 1, 2001, Pages 3-16

  Saunders, R N ^a   Metcalfe, M S ^a   Nicholson, M L ^a  

^a LEICESTER GENERAL HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Acute rejection; Chronic kidney rejection; Immunosuppression; Side effects of transplantation; Trough levels

Indexed keywords

CALCINEURIN INHIBITOR; RAPAMYCIN;

ALLOGRAFT; ANTIBODY DEPENDENT CELLULAR CYTOTOXICITY; BONE MARROW SUPPRESSION; DRUG MECHANISM; DRUG MONITORING; GRAFT VERSUS HOST REACTION; HUMAN; HYPERLIPIDEMIA; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE TREATMENT; IN VITRO STUDY; NEPHROTOXICITY; ORGAN TRANSPLANTATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RECIPIENT; REVIEW; RISK BENEFIT ANALYSIS;

EID: 0035165578     PISSN: 00852538     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1755.2001.00460.x     Document Type: Article

References (126)

1. Rapamycin, a new antifungal antibiotic. Taxonomy of the producing Streptomycete and isolation of the active principle
2. Rapamycin, a new antifungal antibiotic. Fermentation, isolation and characterization
3. Comparative evaluation of tacrolimus and cyclosporin as immunosuppressive agents
4. Rapamune (Sirolimus, Rapamycin): An overview and mechanism of action
5. New small molecule immunosuppressants for transplantation: Review of essential concepts
6. Yeast as model T cells
7. RAPT1, a mammalian homologue of yeast TOR interacts with the FKBP12-Rapamycin complex
8. A putative Sirolimus (Rapamycin) effector protein
9. Purification and molecular cloning of FRAP a direct target of G1 arrest complex FKBP12-Rapamycin
10. Isolation of protein target of FKBP12-Rapamycin complex in mammalian cells
11. The mRNA 5′ cap-binding protein eIF-4E and control of cell growth
12. Rapamycin blocks the phosphorylation of 4E-BP1 and inhibits cap-dependent initiation of translation
13. The Rapamycin and FKBP12 target (RAFT) displays phospatidylinositol 4-kinase activity
14. s6k
15. Rapamycin-FKBP12 specifically blocks growth-dependent activation of and signalling by the 70kd S6 protein kinases
16. Rapamycin blocks cell cycle progression of activated T cells prior to events characteristic of the middle to late G1 phase of the cell cycle
17. Rapamune: Mechanism of action immunosuppressive effect results from blockade of signal transduction and inhibition of cell cycle progression
18. Evidence that Rapamycin inhibits interleukin-12 induced proliferation of activated T lymphocytes
19. An in vitro immunological profile of Rapamycin
20. Rapamycin: A novel immunosuppressive macrolide
21. Inhibition of human B lymphocyte cell cycle progression and differentiation by Rapamycin
22. Effects of cyclosporin and Rapamycin on immunoglobulin production by preactivated human B cells
23. Transforming growth factor beta 1 inhibits interleukin-1 induced but enhances ionomycin induced interferon-γ production in a T cell lymphoma: Comparison with the effects of Rapamycin
24. Quantitative comparison of Rapamycin and cyclosporin, effects on cytokine gene expression studied by reverse transcriptase-competitive polymerase chain reaction
25. Synergistic interactions of cyclosporine and Rapamycin to inhibit immune performances of normal human peripheral blood leukocytes in vitro
26. Immunosuppressive antagonism of FK506 and Cyclosporin at low drug doses
27. The immunosuppressive macrolides FK506 and Rapamycin act as reciprocal antagonists in murine T cells
28. Rapamycin for immunosuppression in organ allografting
29. Identification of a new pharmacological action for a old compound
30. Inhibition of skin graft rejection in mice by Rapamycin: A novel immunosuppressive macrolide
31. Effects of Rapamycin in experimental organ allografting
32. Rapamycin abrogates accelerated rejection in sensitized rats by selectively suppressing intragraft cell activation, adhesion binding properties and modulating serum alloantibody responses
33. Rapamycin and cyclosporin synergistically prolong heart and kidney allograft survival
34. Rapamycin, a potent immunosuppressive drug for vascularized heart, kidney and small bowel transplantation in the rat
35. Synergistic effects of Mycophenolate mofetil and Sirolimus in prevention of acute heart, pancreas and kidney allograft rejection and in reversal of ongoing heart allograft rejection in the rat
36. The effect of Rapamycin on orthoptic small bowel transplantation in the rat
37. Preclinical evaluation of a new potent immunosuppressive agent, Rapamycin
38. The relationship of blood concentrations of Rapamycin and cyclosporin to suppression of allograft rejection in a rabbit heterotopic heart allograft model
39. Low dose Rapamycin potentiates the effects of subtherapeutic doses of cyclosporin to prolong renal allograft survival in the mongrel canine model
40. Rapamycin in experimental renal allografts in dogs and pigs
41. Rapamycin: Immunosuppression, hyporesponsiveness and side effects in a porcine renal allograft model
42. Prolongation of renal allograft survival in a large animal model by oral Rapamycin monotherapy
43. Rapamycin in experimental renal allografts in primates
44. Long term in vivo effects of Rapamycin on humoral and cellular immune responses in the rat
45. Reversal of ongoing heart, kidney, and pancreas rejection and suppression of accelerated heart allograft rejection in the rat by Rapamycin
46. Evidence that Rapamycin rescue therapy delays rejection of major and minor histocompatible heart allografts in rats
47. Sirolimus potentiates cyclosporin in prevention of acute lung rejection
48. Synergistic effect of rapamycin and cyclosporin in prevention of acute kidney allograft rejection in the mouse
49. Synergistic mechanisms by which sirolimus and cyclosporin inhibit rat heart and kidney allograft rejection
50. Use of rapamycin for the suppression of alloimmune reactions in vivo: Schedule dependence, tolerance induction, synergy with cyclosporin and FK506 and effect on host-versus-graft and graft-versus-host reactions
51. Tacrolimus and Sirolimus in combination are not antagonistic but produce extended graft survival in cardiac transplantation in the rat
52. FK506 and Rapamycinin combination are not antagonistic but produce extended small bowel graft survival in the mouse
53. FK506 a potent novel inhibitor of the release of proinflammatory mediators from human FceRI+ cells
54. Cyclosporin A, FK506 and Rapamycin: Pharmacological probes of lymphocyte signal transduction
55. Probing immunosuppressant action with nonnatural immunophilin ligand
56. Immunosuppressive effects and safety of a Sirolimus/cyclosporin combination regimen for renal transplantation
57. Sirolimus reduces the incidence of acute rejection episodes despite lower cyclosporine doses in Caucasian recipients of mismatched primary renal allografts: A phase II trial
58. Use of anti-CD 25 monoclonal antibody in combination with Rapamycin to eliminate cyclosporin treatment during the induction phase of immunosuppression
59. Rapamycin: Personal algorithms for use based on 250 treated renal allograft recipients
60. Prednisolone withdrawal in kidney transplant recipients on cyclosporin and mycophenolate mofetil: A prospective randomised study
61. A prospective randomised trial of prednisolone versus no prednisolone maintenance therapy in cyclosporin and azathioprine treated renal transplant patients
62. Sirolimus (Rapamycin) based therapy in human renal transplantation
63. Sirolimus in association with mycophenolate mofetil induction for the prevention of acute graft rejection in renal allograft recipients
64. Sirolimus-tacrolimus combination immunosuppression
65. Case report: Sirolimus rescue therapy for refractory renal allograft rejection
66. Toxicity of Rapamycin: A comparative and combination study with cyclosporin at immunotherapeutic dosage in the rat
67. The effect of Rapamycin on kidney function in the Sprague-Dawley rat
68. Nephrotoxicity of immunosuppressants in rats: Comparison of macrolides with cyclosporin
69. Effects of Rapamycin on renal haemodynamics, water and sodium excretion and plasma levels of angiotensin II, aldosterone, atrial natriuretic peptide, and vasopressin in pigs
70. Comparison of acute rapamycin nephrotoxicity with cyclosporin and FK506
71. Synergistic effects of cyclosporin and rapamycin in a chronic nephrotoxicity model
72. The side effect profile of Sirolimus: A phase I study in quiescent cyclosporin-prednisolone treated renal transplant patients
73. The immunosuppressant Rapamycin blocks in vitro responses to haemopoetic cytokines and inhibits recovering but not steady state haematopoiesis in vivo
74. Interleukin-11: A multifunctional growth factor derived from the haemopoetic microenvironment
75. Molecular cloning of a cDNA encoding interleukin-11, a stromal cell derived haematopoietic and lymphopoietic cytokine
76. Incidence of new onset hypercholesterolaemia in renal transplant patients treated with FK506 and cyclosporin
77. A comparison of tacrolimus and cyclosporin for immunosuppression after cadaveric renal transplantation
78. Cyclosporin to Tacrolimus: Effect on hypertension and lipid profiles in renal allografts
79. Hyperlipidaemia in renal transplant recipients treated with Sirolimus (Rapamycin)
80. Incidence and consequences of post transplant lymphoproliferative disease
81. Conversion from liquid to solid rapamycin formulations in stable renal allograft transplant recipients
82. Pharmakokinetics of Sirolimus in stable renal transplant patients after multiple oral dose administration
83. Overlapping substrate specificities and tissue distribution of cytochrome P450, 3A and P-glycoprotein: Implications for drug delivery and activity in cancer chemotherapy
84. Relative tissue distributions of cyclosporin and Sirolimus after concomitant peroral administration to the rat. Evidence for pharmacokinetic interactions
85. The effects of relative timing of Sirolimus and cyclosporin micro-emulsion formulation coadministration on the pharmacokinetics of each agent
86. Pharmacokinetics of Sirolimus in stable renal transplant recipients after multiple oral dose administration
87. Clinical pharmacokinetics and therapeutic drug monitoring of Sirolimus
88. Toxicity and efficacy of Sirolimus: Relationship to whole blood concentrations
89. Practical guide to the analysis of Sirolimus using high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection
90. An immunoassay for the measurement of Sirolimus
91. An immunophilin-binding assay for Sirolimus
92. Pharmacodynamic monitoring of immunosuppressive drugs
93. Mechanisms of chronic rejection
94. Factors controlling smooth muscle cell proliferation
95. TGFβ problems and prospects
96. Histopathological findings associated with a chronic decline in renal allograft function
97. Myointimal hyperplasia: Pathogenesis and implications
98. Rapamycin inhibits cell cycle regulators of proliferation in vascular smooth muscle cells
99. Effect of treatment with cyclosporin, FK506, Rapamycin, MMF or deoxyspergualin on vascular smooth muscle proliferation in vitro and in vivo
100. Insulin signalling and its regulation of system A amino acid uptake in cultured rat vascular smooth muscle cells
101. Different inhibitory effects of immunosuppressive drugs on human and rat aortic smooth muscle and endothelial cell proliferation stimulated by platelet derived growth factor or endothelial cell growth factor
102. Rapamycin inhibits spontaneous and bFGF driven proliferation of endothelial cells and fibroblasts
103. PDGF-AA, a potent mitogen for cardiac fibroblasts from adult rats
104. Antiproliferative effect of Rapamycin on growth factor stimulated human adult lung fibroblasts in vitro may explain its superior efficacy for prevention and treatment of allograft obliterative airway disease in vivo
105. Effects of Rapamycin on growth factor stimulated vascular smooth muscle cell DNA synthesis
106. The effect of the immunophilin ligands Rapamycin and FK506 on proliferation of mast cells and other haematopoetic cell lines
107. Comparative in vitro studies on the immunosuppressive activities of MMF, Bredinin, FK506, cyclosporin and Rapamycin
108. Rapamycin inhibits arterial intimal thickening caused by both alloimmune and mechanical injury
109. Rapamycin inhibits vascular smooth muscle DNA synthesis in vitro and suppresses narrowing in arterial allografts and in balloon injured carotid arteries: Evidence that Rapamycin antagonizes growth factor action on immune and nonimmune cells
110. Treatment with Rapamycin and MMF reduces arterial intimal thickening produced by mechanical injury and allows endothelial replacement
111. Suppression of acute rejection prevents graft arteriosclerosis after allogenic aorta transplantation in the rat
112. High local production of nitric oxide as a possible mechanism by which Rapamycin prevents transplant arteriosclerosis
113. Inducible nitric oxide synthase suppresses the development of allograft arteriosclerosis
114. Vascular gene transfer of human nitric oxide synthase: Characterization of activity and effects of myointimal hyperplasia
115. Studies in experimental models of chronic rejection: Use of Rapamycin and Isosazole derivatives for the suppression of graft vascular disease and obliterative bronchiolitis
116. Effects of cyclosporin, FK506, and rapamycin on graft vessel disease
117. Factors contributing to the development of chronic rejection in heterotopic rat heart transplantation
118. Rapamycin reduces graft coronary arteriosclerosis and attenuates expression of IFNγ, MHC II and VCAM-1 in murine cardiac allografts
119. Rapamycin and cyclosporin A treatment: A novel regimen to prevent chronic allograft rejection in sensitized hosts
120. Cytokine and alloantibody networks in long term cardiac allografts in rat recipients treated with Rapamycin
121. Rapamycin reverses chronic graft vascular disease in a novel cardiac allograft model
122. Computerized histomorphometric analysis of protocol renal transplant biopsy specimens for surrogate markers of chronic rejection
123. Long term improvement of chronic renal graft dysfunction in Cyclosporin treated patients by addition of Azathioprine and reduction in Cyclosporin
124. A novel approach to the treatment of chronic allograft nephropathy
125. Hyperlipoproteinaemia in renal transplant recipients: Is there a link with chronic vascular rejection
126. Rapidly proliferative arteriopathy in cyclosporin induced permanently scarred rat car-diac allografts simulates chronic rejection