Hypertension in black people: Study of specific genotypes and phenotypes will provide a greater understanding of interindividual and interethnic variability in blood pressure regulation than studies based on race

Pharmacogenetics

Volumn 11, Issue 2, 2001, Pages 95-110

  Stein, C M ^a   Lang, C C ^a   Xie, H G ^a   Wood, A J J ^a  

^a VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Adrenergic; Black people; Ethnic; Genetic; Hypertension; Nitric oxide; Polymorphism; Race

Indexed keywords

BLOOD PRESSURE REGULATION; ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR; GENETIC PREDISPOSITION; GENETIC VARIABILITY; GENOTYPE; HEREDITY; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; NEGRO; PHENOTYPE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RACE; REVIEW; VASCULAR RESISTANCE;

AFRICAN CONTINENTAL ANCESTRY GROUP; BLOOD PRESSURE; GENOTYPE; HUMANS; HYPERTENSION; PHENOTYPE; UNITED STATES;

EID: 0035103657     PISSN: 0960314X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00008571-200103000-00001     Document Type: Review

References (177)

1. Epidemiology of cardiovascular disease in developing countries
2. Hemodynamic responses to laboratory stressors in children and adolescents: The influences of age, race, and gender
3. Blood pressure response to dynamic exercise in healthy children - Black versus white
4. Elevated sympathetic nerve activity in borderline ypertensive humans. Evidence from direct intraneural recordings
5. Racial differences in blood pressure and forearm vascular responses to the cold face stimulus
6. Race, education and prevalence of hypertension
7. The Sixth Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC VI)
8. Racial differences in ion regulation and their possible links to hypertension in blacks
9. Activation of ATP-sensitive potassium channels contributes to reactive hyperemia in humans
10. Racial differences in maximal vasodilatory capacity of forearm resistance vessels in normotensive young adults
11. G-protein beta3 subunit gene (GNB3) variant in causation of essential hypertension
12. Is research into ethnicity and health racist, unsound, or important science?
13. The 825C/T polymorphism of the G-protein subunit beta3 is not related to hypertension
14. Racial differences in platelet cytosolic calcium and calcitropic hormones in normotensive subjects
15. Prevalence of hypertension in the US adult population. Results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-91
16. Normotensive blacks have heightened sympathetic response to cold pressor test
17. Muscle sympathetic nervous system activity in black and Caucasian hypertensive subjects
18. Race, family history of hypertension, and sympathetic response to cold pressor testing
19. Decreased vasodilator response to isoproterenol during nitric oxide inhibition in humans
20. Racial differences in nitric oxide-mediated vasodilator response to mental stress in the forearm circulation
21. Attenuation of cyclic nucleotide-mediated smooth muscle relaxation in blacks as a cause of racial differences in vasodilator function
22. The role of myogenic relaxation, adenosine and prostaglandins in human forearm reactive hyperaemia
23. The role of nitric oxide in endothelium-dependent vasodilation of hypercholesterolemic patients
24. Increased calcium stores in platelets from African Americans
25. Association of beta 2-adrenoceptor polymorphism with vascular reactivity in humans
26. A note on the biologic concept of race and its application in epidemiologic research
27. Hypertension in populations of West African origin: Is there a genetic predisposition?
28. Absence of black-white differences in sodium and calcium in platelets
29. Hypertension in blacks
30. The prevalence of hypertension in seven populations of west African origin
31. Impaired vasodilation of forearm resistance vessels in hypercholesterolemic humans
32. Effects of inhibition of the L-arginine/nitric oxide pathway on vasodilation caused by beta-adrenergic agonists in human forearm
33. Nitric oxide contributes to the rise in forearm blood flow during mental stress in humans
34. Age, race, diagnosis, and sodium effects on the pressor response to infused norepinephrine
35. The effect of hypertension, sodium, and race on isoproterenol sensitivity
36. Effects of salt, race, and hypertension on reactivity to stressors
37. Association between the C825T polymorphism of the G protein beta3-subunit gene and hypertension in blacks
38. Ethnic differences in cellular ions and transport
39. Ethnic differences in the myocardial and vascular reactivity to stress in normotensive girls
40. Decreased responsiveness of superficial hand veins to phenylephrine in black normotensive males
41. The INTERSALT study: Results for 24 hour sodium and potassium, by age and sex
42. Contribution of nitric oxide and prostaglandins to reactive hyperemia in human forearm
43. The role of cardiovascular reactivity as a mediator of hypertension in African Americans
44. Race differences in stress-induced reactivity in young adults
45. Cardiovascular characteristics in adolescents who develop essential hypertension
46. Defective venous beta-adrenergic response in borderline hypertensive subjects is corrected by a low sodium diet
47. Racial and ethnic modifiers of the salt-blood pressure response
48. Risk factors for hypertension in a national cohort study
49. Racial differences in cardiovascular reactivity to mental stress in essential hypertension
50. Genetic polymorphism of the alpha 2-adrenergic receptor is associated with increased platelet aggregation, baroreceptor sensitivity, and salt excretion in normotensive humans
51. Blood pressure in blacks and whites and its relationship to dietary sodium and potassium intake
52. Hemodynamic differences between black patients and white patients with essential hypertension. State of the art lecture
53. Prevalence of hypertension in rural west Africa
54. Amino-terminal polymorphisms of the human beta 2-adrenergic receptor impart distinct agonist-promoted regulatory properties
55. Influence of beta 2-adrenergic receptor genotypes on signal transduction in human airway smooth muscle cells
56. Ethnic differences in circadian hemodynamic profile
57. Blood pressure variation in blacks: Genetic factors
58. Racial differences in blood pressure in Evans County, Georgia: Relationship to sodium and potassium intake and plasma renin activity
59. Hypertension-related morbidity and mortality in the southeastern United States
60. Socio-ecological stress, suppressed hostility, skin color, and Black-White male blood pressure: Detroit
61. Ethnic differences in forearm vasodilator capacity
62. A common variant of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (Glu298Asp) is a major risk factor for coronary artery disease in the UK
63. Childhood familial and racial differences in physiologic and biochemical factors related to hypertension
64. Effect of African-American race and hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy on coronary vascular reactivity and endothelial function
65. Differences in lymphocytic beta-2 adrenoceptor density could explain reported differences in basal lymphocyte cyclic AMP production in two ethnic groups
66. Human G-protein beta3 subunit variant is associated with serum potassium and total cholesterol levels but not with blood pressure
67. Psychosocial precursors of hypertension: A review of the epidemiologic evidence
68. Socioeconomic status, John Henryism, and hypertension in blacks and whites
69. Similarities in cardiovascular reactivity to behavioral stressors in African-American and white males
70. Racial differences in beta-adrenoceptor-mediated responsiveness
71. Impaired endothelial-dependent forearm vascular relaxation in black Americans
72. Anger-coping types, blood pressure, and all-cause mortality: A follow-up in Tecumseh, Michigan (1971-83)
73. G protein beta3 subunit variant and essential hypertension in Japanese
74. Obesity and hypertension prevalence in populations of African origin
75. Differences in platelet calcium regulation between African Americans and Caucasians: Implications for the predisposition of African Americans to essential hypertension
76. End-stage renal disease in African-American and white men. 16-year MRFIT findings
77. Comparison of left ventricular mass and geometry in black and white patients with essential hypertension
78. Essential hypertension in African Caribbeans associated with a variant of the beta2-adrenoceptor
79. Endothelium-dependent vasodilation is attenuated in patients with heart failure
80. Epidemiology of hypertension in African Americans
81. Attenuation of isoproterenol-mediated vasodilatation in blacks
82. Blunted blood pressure response to central sympatho-inhibition in normotensive blacks: Increased importance of nonsympathetic factors in blood pressure maintenance in blacks
83. Epidemiological profile of hypertensive disease and renal risk factors in black Africa
84. Urinary kallikrein and plasma renin activity as determinants of renal blood flow. The influence of race and dietary sodium intake
85. Molecular genetics of human blood pressure variation
86. Effects of race and marginally elevated blood pressure on responses to stress
87. Race and gender comparisons: I. Hemodynamic responses to a series of stressors
88. Indirect evidence for release of endothelium-derived relaxing factor in human forearm circulation in vivo. Blunted response in essential hypertension
89. Alpha 2-adrenergic receptor gene polymorphism and hypertension in blacks
90. Environmental and genetic sources of familial aggregation of blood pressure in Tecumseh, Michigan
91. Effects of volume expansion and contraction in normotensive whites, blacks, and subjects of different ages
92. Salt sensitivity and resistance of blood pressure. Age and race as factors in physiological responses
93. Common polymorphisms of the beta1-adrenoceptor: Identification and rapid screening assay
94. A gain-of-function polymorphism in a G-protein coupling domain of the human beta1-adrenergic receptor
95. Correction: Single-drug therapy for hypertension in men
96. Single-drug therapy for hypertension in men. A comparison of six antihypertensive agents with placebo
97. Cardiovascular reactivity to stress predicts future blood pressure status
98. Racial differences in cardiac structure and function in essential hypertension
99. Race and gender influence hemodynamic responses to psychological and physical stimuli
100. Cardiovascular reactivity to the cold pressor test as a predictor of hypertension
101. Postischemic vasodilation in human forearm is dependent on endothelium-derived nitric oxide
102. Patterns of adrenergic receptors and adrenergic agonists underlying cardiovascular responses to a psychological challenge
103. Racial differences in epinephrine and beta 2-adrenergic receptors
104. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene is positively associated with essential hypertension
105. Nitric oxide in the vasculature: Physiology and pathophysiology
106. The L-arginine-nitric oxide pathway
107. Race and cardiovascular reactivity. A replication
108. Ethnicity, pressor reactivity, and children's blood pressure. Five years of observations
109. Consistency of ethnic differences in children's pressor reactivity, 1987-92
110. Gender and ethnicity in children's cardiovascular reactivity: 7 years of study
111. Mortality by cause for eight regions of the world: Global Burden of Disease Study
112. Low sodium intake corrects abnormality in beta-receptor-mediated arterial vasodilation in patients with hypertension: Correlation with beta-receptor function in vitro
113. Increased activation of sympathetic nervous system and endothelin by mental stress in normotensive offspring of hypertensive parents
114. L-NMMA suppresses mental stress-induced sympathetic and pressor responses in humans
115. Abnormal endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation in patients with essential hypertension
116. Abnormal endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation in patients with essential hypertension
117. Circadian variation in vascular tone and its relation to alpha-sympathetic vasoconstrictor activity
118. Role of endothelium-derived nitric oxide in the abnormal endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation of patients with essential hypertension
119. The association between cardiovascular response tasks and future blood pressure levels in children: Bogalusa Heart Study
120. Autonomic function in hypertension. Are there racial differences?
121. Blood pressure patterns in relation to age, weight and urinary electrolytes in three Kenyan communities
122. The Kenyan Luo migration study: Observations on the initiation of a rise in blood pressure
123. The interaction of norepinephrine excretion with blood pressure and race in children
124. Cardiovascular risk factors in a French Canadian population: Resolution of genetic and familial environmental effects on blood pressure using twins, adoptees, and extensive information on environmental correlates
125. Hypertension, serum angiotensinogen, and molecular variants of the angiotensinogen gene among Nigerians
126. Racial differences in drug response: Isoproterenol effects on heart rate in healthy males
127. Racial differences in drug response: Isoproterenol effects before and after propranolol
128. Hypertension in blacks
129. Association between a polymorphism in the G protein beta3 subunit gene and lower renin and elevated diastolic blood pressure levels
130. Ethnicity as a variable in epidemiological research
131. Ethnic differences in blood pressure with observations on noradrenaline and renin. A hospital hypertensive population
132. Ethnic differences in blood pressure with observations on noradrenaline and renin. 1. A working population
133. Effects of sodium salts on pressor reactivity in salt-sensitive men
134. Responsiveness to alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptor agonists. Effects of race in borderline hypertensive compared to normotensive men
135. Physiological determinants of hyperreactivity to stress in borderline hypertension
136. Ethnic differences in hemodynamic responses to stress in hypertensive men and women
137. Alpha 1a-adrenoceptor polymorphism: Pharmacological characterization and association with benign prostatic hypertrophy
138. Association of the missense Glu298Asp variant of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene with myocardial infarction
139. Ethnic variation as a key to the biology of human disease
140. Ethnic-affiliation estimation by use of population-specific DNA markers
141. Association of a human G-protein beta3 subunit variant with hypertension
142. Worldwide ethnic distribution of the G protein beta3 subunit 825T allele and its association with obesity in Caucasian, Chinese, and Black African individuals
143. G protein beta3 subunit 825T allele and its potential association with obesity in hypertensive individuals
144. Forearm beta adrenergic receptor-mediated vasodilation is impaired, without alteration of forearm norepinephrine spillover, in borderline hypertension
145. Lack of correlation between arterial and venous beta-adrenergic receptor sensitivity
146. Vasodilation in African-Americans: Attenuated nitric oxide mediated responses
147. Increased vasoconstriction and decreased vasodilation not increased sympathetic activity are mechanisms for enhanced vascular reactivity in African-Americans
148. Ethnic differences in cyclic AMP accumulation: Effect on alpha 2, beta 2, and prostanoid receptor responses
149. Cardiovascular reactivity with caffeine and stress in black and white normotensive females
150. Social support, stress, and blood pressure in black adults
151. Reduced dietary potassium reversibly enhances vasopressor response to stress in African Americans
152. Heritability of salt sensitivity in black Americans
153. Preliminary evidence of linkage of salt sensitivity in black Americans at the beta 2-adrenergic receptor locus
154. Increased superoxide production in the vasculature of African Americans impairs endothelial-mediated relaxation
155. Interactive influences of ethnicity, gender and parental hypertension on hemodynamic responses to behavioral challenge
156. Precursors of hypertension in black compared to white medical students
157. Racial differences in hemodynamic responses to the cold face stimulus in children and adults
158. Effects of endothelium-derived nitric oxide on peripheral arteriolar tone in man
159. Heart rate reactivity under mental stress as a predictor of blood pressure development in children
160. Racial contrasts in cardiovascular response tests for children from a total community
161. The Edgecombe County High Blood Pressure Control Program: I. Correlates of uncontrolled hypertension at baseline
162. Reduced beta 2-receptor mediated vasodilation in African Americans
163. Salt sensitivity of blood pressure in humans
164. Does racial variation in risk factors explain black-white differences in the incidence of hypertensive end-stage renal disease?
165. Genetic approach to diagnostic and therapeutic decisions in human hypertension
166. Combinations of variations in multiple genes are associated with hypertension
167. Heightened risk of hypertension among black males: The masking effects of covariables
168. Ethnic differences in drug disposition and responsiveness
169. Cold pressor test as a predictor of hypertension
170. a1A-adrenoceptor polymorphism: Associated with ethnicity but not hypertension
171. Allelic, genotypic and phenotypic distributions of S-mephenytoin 4′-hydroxylase (CYP2C19) in healthy Caucasian populations of European descent throughout the world
172. Frequency of functionally important beta2-adrenoceptor polymorphisms varies markedly among African-American, Caucasian and Chinese individuals
173. Frequency of endothelial nitric oxide synthase Glu298Asp polymorphism varies among African-Americans, Caucasians and Chinese
174. Arg389Gly beta1-adrenergic receptor polymorphism varies in frequency among different ethnic groups but does not alter response in vivo
175. A missense Glu298Asp variant in the endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene is associated with coronary spasm in the Japanese
176. The effects of race on norepinephrine clearance
177. Familial aggregation of urinary kallikrein concentration in childhood: Relation to blood pressure, race and urinary electrolytes