Polybrominated diphenyl ethers: Occurence, dietary exposure, and toxicology

Environmental Health Perspectives

Volumn 109, Issue SUPPL. 1, 2001, Pages 49-68

  Darnerud, P O ^a   Eriksen, G S ^a   Johannesson T ^a   Larsen, P B ^a   Viluksela, M ^a  

^a NATIONAL FOOD ADMINISTRATION   (Sweden)

Author keywords

Brominated; Diet; Environmental levels; Exposure; Flame retardant; Human; Organohalogen compounds; Toxicity

Indexed keywords

DIPHENYL ETHER DERIVATIVE; FLAME RETARDANT; PLASTIC; POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHER; THYROID HORMONE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; WATER;

ANIMAL BEHAVIOR; ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ARTICLE; BREAST MILK; CARCINOGENICITY; CHEMICAL STRUCTURE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER; DIETARY INTAKE; EMBRYOTOXICITY; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR; EXPOSURE; GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION; GESTATION PERIOD; HEALTH HAZARD; HUMAN; HUMAN TISSUE; LIVER TOXICITY; MATERNAL WELFARE; MOUSE; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RAT; REPRODUCTION; SEDIMENT; SWEDEN; TEXTILE; THYROID DISEASE; TOXICOKINETICS; TOXICOLOGY;

ANIMALIA; CELLULAR ORGANISMS;

EID: 0035050751     PISSN: 00916765     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1289/ehp.01109s149     Document Type: Article

References (133)

1. The PBDEs: An emerging environmental challenge and another reason for breast-milk monotoring programs
2. Polybrominated biphenyl and diphenylether flame retardants: Analysis, toxicity, and environmental occurrence
3. Analysis of poylchlorinated biphenyls (PCB) by glass-capillary gas-chromatography. Composition of technical Aroclor-PCB and Clophen-PCB mixtures
4. Supercritical fluid extraction of polybrominated diphenyl ethers, PBDEs, from long-finned pilot whale (Globicephala melas) from the Atlantic
5. Identification and quantification of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and methoxy-polybrominated diphenyl ethers in Baltic biota
6. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers and hexabromocyclododecane in sediment and fish from a Swedish river
7. Synthesis and characterisation of polybrominated diphenyl ethers-unlabelled and radiolabelled tetra-, penta- and hexa-bromodiphenyl ethers
8. Metabolism of 2,2′,4,4′-tetrabromodiphenyl ether in rat and mouse
9. Polybrominated dibenzofurans (PBDF) and dibenzodioxins (PBDD) from the pyrolysis of heat brominated diphenyl ethers, biphenyls and plastic mixtures of these compounds
10. Thermal formation of polybrominated dibenzodioxins (PBDD) and dibenzofurans (PBDF) from bromine containing flame retardants
11. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers from Dysidea herbacea, Dysidea chlorea and Phyllospongia foliascens
12. Enzyme inhibitors: New and known polybrominated phenols and diphenyl ethers from four Indo-Pacific Dysidea sponges
13. New types of persistent halogenated compounds
14. Brominated flame retardants in the environment-an overview
15. Polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PBDDs) and -dibenzofurans (PBDFs) in atmospheric air in Taiwan and Japan
16. Analysis of sewage sludge for polyhalogenated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans and diphenyl ethers
17. Analysis of some polyhalogenated organic pollutants in sediment and sewage sludge
18. Brominated flame retardants in sediments from European estuaries, the Baltic Sea and in sewage sludge
19. Polybrominated aromatic pollutants found in fish in Sweden
20. Brominated flame retardants-ubiquitous environmental pollutants?
21. Chlorinated and brominated persistent organic compounds in biological samples from the environment
22. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) in biological samples from the Swedish environment
23. Brominated diphenyl ethers in Dutch freshwater and marine fish
24. Organochlorine, organobromine, metal, and selenium residues in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) collected during an unusual mortality event in the Gulf of Mexico, 1990
25. Identification of 19 polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in long-finned pilot whale (Globicephala melas) from the Atlantic
26. Organohalogen substances in muscle, egg and blood from healthy Baltic salmon (Salmo salar) and Baltic salmon that produced offspring with the M74 syndrome
27. Levels of some polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in fish and human adipose tissue in Finland
28. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in biota samples from coastal British Columbia, Canada
29. Distribution of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in the Canadian environment
30. Levels of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in fish from the Great Lakes and Baltic Sea
31. Anthropogenic brominated aromatics in the Swedish environment
32. Time trend analysis of PAHs and PCBs in the northern Baltic proper
33. Time trend studies of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) in biological material from the Swedish environment
34. Temporal trends of polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE), methoxylated PBDE, and hexabromocyclododecane (HCBD) in Swedish biota
35. Contaminants in Swedish human milk. Decreasing levels of organochlorine and increasing levels of organobromine compounds
36. Organochlorine compounds and bromodiphenyl ethers in livers of Atlantic cod (Gadhus morhua) from the North Sea, 1977-1987
37. Uptake of decabromodiphenyl ether (DeBDE) in rainbow trout via administration in the diet
38. Evaluation of decabromodiphenyl oxide as a flame-retardant chemical
39. Dietary uptake in pike (Esox lucius) of some polychlorinated biphenyls, polychlorinated naphthalenes and polybrominated diphenyl ethers administered in natural diet
40. Biomagnification quantification of PBDEs in fish using stable nitrogen isotopes
41. Bromine and waste incineration-an environmental risk?
42. Formation of brominated dibenzofurans from the photolysis of flame retardant decabromodiphenyl ether in hexane solution by UV and sunlight
43. Toxicological and environmental factors involved in the selection of decabromodiphenyl oxide as a fire retardant chemical
44. Photolytic debromination of decabromodiphenyl ether (DeBDE)
45. Biodegradation and transformation of 4,4′-and 2,4-dihalodiphenyl ethers by Sphingomas sp. strain SS33
46. Microbial degradation products from biphenyl-related compounds
47. Human exposure to 2,3,7,8-TCDD
48. New Swedish estimate of the dietary intake of PBDE (a brominated flame retardant), dioxins, PCB and dDDT, derived from market basket data
49. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in breast milk from primiparous women in Uppsala county, Sweden
50. Flame retardant exposure: Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in blood from Swedish workers
51. Studies on brominated chemicals in the environment
52. Evaluation of an analytical method for the determination of polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans (PBDD/PBDF) in human adipose
53. Mass spectral confirmation of chlorinated and brominated diphenyl ethers in human adipose tissues
54. Current level of 2,2′,4,4′-tetrabrominated diphenyl ether in human adipose tissue in Sweden-a risk factor for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma?
55. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in human liver and adipose tissues. A pilot study
56. New organohalogens in human plasma - Identification and quantification
57. Toxicology of octabromobiphenyl and decabromodiphenyl oxide
58. Disposition of decabromobiphenyl ether in rats dosed intravenously or by feeding
59. Results of a two-year dietary feeding study with decabromodiphenyl oxide (DBDPO) in rats
60. Induction of rat liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 by the pentabromo diphenyl ether Bromkal-70 and half-lives of its components in the adipose tissue
61. Tissue disposition, excretion, and metabolism of 2,2′,4,4′,5-pentabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-99) in male Sprague-Dawley rats
62. Swedish dioxin survey: Evaluation of the H-4IIE bioassay for screening environmental samples for dioxin-like enzyme induction
63. Induction of xenobiotic metabolism in rats by brominated diphenyl ethers administered for 90 days
64. Induction of xenobiotic metabolism in rats by short-term administration of brominated diphenyl ethers
65. Effects of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and chlorinated paraffins (CPs) on thyroid hormone levels and enzyme activities in rats
66. Polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDEs) as Ah-receptor agonists and antagonists
67. Ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase induction potency of polychlorinated diphenyl ethers in H4IIE rat hepatoma cells
68. Structure-affinity relationships for thyroid and dioxin receptor binding of halogenated naphthalenes and diphenylethers
69. Effects of chlorinated diphenyl ethers on the mixed-function oxidases and ultra-structure of rat and trout liver
70. Immunosuppressive and monooxygenase induction activities of polychlorinated diphenyl ether congeners in C57BL/6N mice: Quantitative structure-activity relationships
71. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and related compounds: Environmental and mechanistic considerations which support the development of toxic equivalency factors (TEFs)
72. Letter to the Editor
73. Porphyrinogenic action of fire retardants
74. 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD): Results of a 13-week oral toxicity study in rats
75. The occurrence of chronic hepatic porphyria in man caused by halogenated hydrocarbons
76. Hematologic and clinical chemistry effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in laboratory animals
77. Immunologic and endocrine effects of the flame-retardant pentabromodiphenyl ether (DE-71) in C57BL/6J mice
78. Effects of polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) on some immunological parameters after oral exposure in rats and mice
79. Lack of effects of some individual polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners on human lymphocyte functions in vitro
80. Distribution and behaviour of the Ah receptor in murine T lymphocytes
81. Teratogenic evaluation of a polybromodiphenyl oxide mixture in New Zealand white rabbits following oral exposure
82. Maternal and developmental toxicity of polychlorinated diphenyl ethers (PCDEs) in Swiss-Webster mice and Sprague-Dawley rats
83. Materno-fetal toxicity-a possible cause of foetal malformations in the mouse
84. Developmental neurotoxicity of brominated flame-retardants, polybrominated diphenyl ethers and tetrabromo-bis-phenol A
85. PBDE, 2,2′,4,4′,5-pentabromodiphenyl ether, causes permanent neurotoxic effects during a defined period of neonatal brain development
86. Developmental neurotoxic effects of 2,2′,4,4′,5,5′-pentabromodiphenyl ether (PBDE 99) in the neonatal mouse
87. Maternal thyroid deficiency during pregnancy and subsequent psychological development in the child
88. Vulnerability of the developing brain to thyroid abnormalities: Environmental insults to the thyroid system
89. Interference of polybrominated biphenyls in hepatic and brain thyroid hormone metabolism in fetal and neonatal rats
90. Brominated flame retardants induce intragenic recombination in mammalian cells
91. Some flame retardants and textile chemicals, and exposures in the textile manufacturing industry
92. Aryl-hydrocarbon receptor-deficient mice are resistant to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-induced toxicity
93. Comparison of Ah receptor-mediated luciferase and ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase induction in H4IIE cells: Implications for their use as bioanalytical tools for the detection of polyhalogenated aromatic hydrocarbons
94. Polychlorinated biphenyls as hormonally active structural analogues
95. Short-term toxicity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in laboratory animals: Effects, mechanisms and animal models
96. Interactions of persistent environmental organohalogens with the thyroid hormone system: Mechanisms and possible consequences for animal and human health
97. Decreased liver type I 5′-deiodinase and increased brown adipose tissue type II 5′- deiodinase activity in 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)-treated Long-Evans rats
98. Multifunctional receptor model for dioxin and related compound toxic action: Possible thyroid hormone-responsive effector-linked site
99. 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) as a potent and persistent thyroxin agonist: A mechanistic model for toxicity based on molecular reactivity
100. Synthesis of p-hydroxybromodiphenyl ethers and binding to the thyroid hormone receptor
101. Interaction of polybrominated diphenylether metabolites (PBDE-OH) with human transthyrethrin in vitro
102. Binding of a metabolite of 3,4,3′,4′-tetrachlorobiphenyl to transtyretin reduces serum vitamin A transport by inhibiting the formation of the protein complex carrying both retinol and thyroxin
103. Effects of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) on thyroid hormone and vitamin A levels in rats and mice
104. Thymid hormone disruptive effects of brominated diphenyl ethers following developmental exposure
105. Effects of maternal exposure to chlorinated diphenyl ethers on thyroid hormone concentrations in maternal and juvenile rats