메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 108, Issue 5, 2000, Pages 387-392

The PBDEs: An emerging environmental challenge and another reason for breast-milk monitoring programs

Author keywords

Breast milk monitoring programs; Flame retardants; Persistent organic pollutants; Polybrominated diphenyl ethers; Polychlorinated biphenyls; Polychlorinated diphenyl ethers; Structure activity relationships; Toxicity

Indexed keywords

DIPHENYL ETHER; FLAME RETARDANT; POLYBROMINATED BIPHENYL; POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL;

EID: 0033931420     PISSN: 00916765     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1289/ehp.00108387     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (279)

References (90)
  • 1
    • 0002922428 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contaminants in Swedish human milk. Decreasing levels of organochlorine and increasing levels of organobromine compounds
    • Norén K, Mieronyté D. Contaminants in Swedish human milk. Decreasing levels of organochlorine and increasing levels of organobromine compounds. Organohalogen Compounds 35:1-4 (1998).
    • (1998) Organohalogen Compounds , vol.35 , pp. 1-4
    • Norén, K.1    Mieronyté, D.2
  • 3
    • 0032773713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics of TCDD in veterans of operation ranch hand: 15-year follow-up
    • Michalek JE, Tripathi RC. Pharmacokinetics of TCDD in veterans of Operation Ranch Hand: 15-year follow-up. J Toxicol Environ Health 57:369-378 (1999).
    • (1999) J Toxicol Environ Health , vol.57 , pp. 369-378
    • Michalek, J.E.1    Tripathi, R.C.2
  • 4
    • 0343193509 scopus 로고
    • Long-term studies on the persistence and movement of TCDD in a natural ecosystem
    • (Tucker RE, Young AL, Gray EP, eds). Arlington VA:Plenum Press
    • Young AL. Long-term studies on the persistence and movement of TCDD in a natural ecosystem. In: Proceedings of an International Symposium on Chlorinated Dioxins and Related Compounds (Tucker RE, Young AL, Gray EP, eds). Arlington VA:Plenum Press, 1981;173-190.
    • (1981) Proceedings of an International Symposium on Chlorinated Dioxins and Related Compounds , pp. 173-190
    • Young, A.L.1
  • 7
    • 0030945015 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The human health effects of DDT (dichlorodiphenyl-trichloroethane) and PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls) and an overview of organochlorines in public health
    • Longnecker MP, Rogan WJ, Lucier G. The human health effects of DDT (dichlorodiphenyl-trichloroethane) and PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls) and an overview of organochlorines in public health. Annu Rev Public Health 18:211-244 (1997).
    • (1997) Annu Rev Public Health , vol.18 , pp. 211-244
    • Longnecker, M.P.1    Rogan, W.J.2    Lucier, G.3
  • 11
    • 0028907395 scopus 로고
    • DDE and shortened duration of lactation in a northern Mexican town
    • Gladen BC, Rogan WJ. DDE and shortened duration of lactation in a northern Mexican town. Am J Public Health 85:504-508 (1995).
    • (1995) Am J Public Health , vol.85 , pp. 504-508
    • Gladen, B.C.1    Rogan, W.J.2
  • 12
    • 0032937537 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of environmental exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls dioxins on cognitive abilities in Dutch children at 42 months of age
    • Patandan, S, Lanting CI, Mulder PG, Boersma ER, Sauer PJ, Weisglas-Kuperus N. Effects of environmental exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls dioxins on cognitive abilities in Dutch children at 42 months of age. J Pediatr 134(1):33-41 (1999).
    • (1999) J Pediatr , vol.134 , Issue.1 , pp. 33-41
    • Patandan, S.1    Lanting, C.I.2    Mulder, P.G.3    Boersma, E.R.4    Sauer, P.J.5    Weisglas-Kuperus, N.6
  • 13
    • 0242435873 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intellectual impairment in children exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls in utero
    • Jacobson JL, Jacobson SW. Intellectual impairment in children exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls in utero. N Engl J Med 335:783-789 (1996).
    • (1996) N Engl J Med , vol.335 , pp. 783-789
    • Jacobson, J.L.1    Jacobson, S.W.2
  • 14
    • 0028270126 scopus 로고
    • A 6-year follow-up of behavior and activity disorders in the Taiwan Yu-Cheng children
    • Chen YC, Yu ML, Rogan WJ, Gladen BC, Hsu CC. A 6-year follow-up of behavior and activity disorders in the Taiwan Yu-Cheng children. Am J Public Health 84:415-421 (1994).
    • (1994) Am J Public Health , vol.84 , pp. 415-421
    • Chen, Y.C.1    Yu, M.L.2    Rogan, W.J.3    Gladen, B.C.4    Hsu, C.C.5
  • 18
    • 0028212503 scopus 로고
    • PCDD and PCDF exposure and levels in humans in Germany
    • Beck H, Dross A, Mathar W. PCDD and PCDF exposure and levels in humans in Germany. Environ Health Perspect 102(suppl 1):173-185 (1994).
    • (1994) Environ Health Perspect , vol.102 , Issue.SUPPL. 1 , pp. 173-185
    • Beck, H.1    Dross, A.2    Mathar, W.3
  • 19
    • 0003555535 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polychlorinated Dibenzo-para-Dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans
    • IARC. Polychlorinated Dibenzo-para-Dioxins and Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans. IARC Monogr Eval Carcinog Risks Hum 69 (1997).
    • (1997) IARC Monogr Eval Carcinog Risks Hum , vol.69
  • 20
    • 2042534631 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PCDD/PCDF: Human background data for Germany, a 10-year experience
    • Papke O. PCDD/PCDF: human background data for Germany, a 10-year experience. Environ Health Perspect 106(suppl 2):723-731 (1998).
    • (1998) Environ Health Perspect , vol.106 , Issue.SUPPL. 2 , pp. 723-731
    • Papke, O.1
  • 21
    • 0031832601 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A selective historical review of congener-specific human tissue measurements as sensitive and specific biomarkers of exposure to dioxins and related compounds
    • Schecter A. A selective historical review of congener-specific human tissue measurements as sensitive and specific biomarkers of exposure to dioxins and related compounds. Environ Health Perspect 106(suppl 2):737-742 (1998).
    • (1998) Environ Health Perspect , vol.106 , Issue.SUPPL. 2 , pp. 737-742
    • Schecter, A.1
  • 22
    • 0032043968 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dioxins and furans: Epidemiologic assessment of cancer risks and other human health effects
    • Becher H, Flesch-Janys D, eds. Dioxins and Furans: Epidemiologic Assessment of Cancer Risks and Other Human Health Effects. Environ Health Perspect 106(suppl 2):621-775 (1998).
    • (1998) Environ Health Perspect , vol.106 , Issue.SUPPL. 2 , pp. 621-775
    • Becher, H.1    Flesch-Janys, D.2
  • 24
    • 0004192566 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Washington, DC:National Academy Press
    • U.S. Institute of Medicine, Committee to Review the Health Effects in Vietnam Veterans of Exposure to Herbicides. Veterans and Agent Orange: Update 1996. Washington, DC:National Academy Press, 1996.
    • (1996) Veterans and Agent Orange: Update 1996
  • 25
    • 0028596186 scopus 로고
    • The mechanism of dioxin toxicity: Relationship to risk assessment
    • Birnbaum LS. The mechanism of dioxin toxicity: relationship to risk assessment. Environ Health Perspect 102(suppl 9):157-167 (1994).
    • (1994) Environ Health Perspect , vol.102 , Issue.SUPPL. 9 , pp. 157-167
    • Birnbaum, L.S.1
  • 27
    • 0029148419 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of estimated human body burdens of dioxin-like chemicals and TCDD body burdens in experimentally exposed animals
    • DeVito MJ, Birnbaum LS, Farland WH, Gasiewicz TA. Comparison of estimated human body burdens of dioxin-like chemicals and TCDD body burdens in experimentally exposed animals Environ Health Perspect 103:820-831 (1995).
    • (1995) Environ Health Perspect , vol.103 , pp. 820-831
    • DeVito, M.J.1    Birnbaum, L.S.2    Farland, W.H.3    Gasiewicz, T.A.4
  • 29
    • 0021349780 scopus 로고
    • The transfer of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) across the human placenta and into maternal milk
    • Jacobson JL, Fein GG, Jacobson SW, Schwartz PM, Dowler JK. The transfer of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) across the human placenta and into maternal milk. Am J Public Health 74(4):378-379 (1984).
    • (1984) Am J Public Health , vol.74 , Issue.4 , pp. 378-379
    • Jacobson, J.L.1    Fein, G.G.2    Jacobson, S.W.3    Schwartz, P.M.4    Dowler, J.K.5
  • 30
    • 0025678683 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for transplacental transfer of dioxins from mother to fetus: Chlorinated dioxin and dibenzofuran levels in livers of stillborn infants
    • Schecter A, Papke O, Ball M. Evidence for transplacental transfer of dioxins from mother to fetus: chlorinated dioxin and dibenzofuran levels in livers of stillborn infants. Chemosphere 21:1017-1022 (1990).
    • (1990) Chemosphere , vol.21 , pp. 1017-1022
    • Schecter, A.1    Papke, O.2    Ball, M.3
  • 31
    • 0027087114 scopus 로고
    • Placental transport of dioxins from mother to fetus
    • Koppe JG, Olie K, van Wijnen J. Placental transport of dioxins from mother to fetus. Dev Pharmacol Ther 18:9-13 (1992).
    • (1992) Dev Pharmacol Ther , vol.18 , pp. 9-13
    • Koppe, J.G.1    Olie, K.2    Van Wijnen, J.3
  • 32
    • 0007833224 scopus 로고
    • Exposure to environmental contaminants through breast milk
    • (Garriex BJ, Gexler WC, eds). New York:Plenum Press
    • Hoover S, Zeise L, Krowech G. Exposure to environmental contaminants through breast milk. In: The Analysis, Communication and Perception of Risk (Garriex BJ, Gexler WC, eds). New York:Plenum Press, 1991.
    • (1991) The Analysis, Communication and Perception of Risk
    • Hoover, S.1    Zeise, L.2    Krowech, G.3
  • 33
    • 0343173481 scopus 로고
    • PCDD and PCDF levels in human milk: Statistical evaluation of a 6-year survey
    • Furst P, Furst C, Wilmers K. PCDD and PCDF levels in human milk: statistical evaluation of a 6-year survey. Chemosphere 25:1029-1038 (1989).
    • (1989) Chemosphere , vol.25 , pp. 1029-1038
    • Furst, P.1    Furst, C.2    Wilmers, K.3
  • 35
    • 0029007629 scopus 로고
    • Absorption of polychlorinated biphenyls, dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans by breast-fed infants
    • Dahl P, Lindstrom G, Wiberg K, Rappe C. Absorption of polychlorinated biphenyls, dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans by breast-fed infants. Chemosphere 30(12):2297-2306 (1995).
    • (1995) Chemosphere , vol.30 , Issue.12 , pp. 2297-2306
    • Dahl, P.1    Lindstrom, G.2    Wiberg, K.3    Rappe, C.4
  • 37
    • 0001701190 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PCDD/PCDFs in humans: Follow-up of background data for German, 1996
    • Papke O, Herrmann T, Ball M. PCDD/PCDFs in humans: follow-up of background data for German, 1996. Organohalogen Compounds 33:530-534 (1997).
    • (1997) Organohalogen Compounds , vol.33 , pp. 530-534
    • Papke, O.1    Herrmann, T.2    Ball, M.3
  • 38
    • 0027204810 scopus 로고
    • Levels of PCDDs and PCDFs in human milk: Dependence on several parameters and dietary habits
    • Pluim HJ, Kramer I, Van der Slikke JW, Koppe JG, Olie K. Levels of PCDDs and PCDFs in human milk: dependence on several parameters and dietary habits. Chemosphere 26:1889-1895 (1993).
    • (1993) Chemosphere , vol.26 , pp. 1889-1895
    • Pluim, H.J.1    Kramer, I.2    Van Der Slikke, J.W.3    Koppe, J.G.4    Olie, K.5
  • 39
    • 0024369771 scopus 로고
    • PCDD and PCDF levels in human milk - Dependence on the period of lactation
    • Furst P, Kruger C, Meemken HA, Groebel W. PCDD and PCDF levels in human milk - dependence on the period of lactation. Chemosphere 18:439-444 (1989).
    • (1989) Chemosphere , vol.18 , pp. 439-444
    • Furst, P.1    Kruger, C.2    Meemken, H.A.3    Groebel, W.4
  • 40
    • 0030064805 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors that influence the levels of contamination of human milk with polychlorinated organic compounds
    • Albers JMC, Kreis IA, Liem AKD, van Zoonen P. Factors that influence the levels of contamination of human milk with polychlorinated organic compounds. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 30:285-291 (1996).
    • (1996) Arch Environ Contam Toxicol , vol.30 , pp. 285-291
    • Albers, J.M.C.1    Kreis, I.A.2    Liem, A.K.D.3    Van Zoonen, P.4
  • 41
    • 0344001990 scopus 로고
    • Levels of PCBs, PCDDs and PCDFs in breast milk: Results of WHO-coordinated interlaboratory quality control studies and analytical field studies
    • Yrjanheikki EJ, ed. Copenhagen:WHO Regional Office for Europe
    • WHO. Levels of PCBs, PCDDs and PCDFs in Breast Milk: Results of WHO-Coordinated Interlaboratory Quality Control Studies and Analytical Field Studies (Yrjanheikki EJ, ed). Environmental Health Series Report 34. Copenhagen:WHO Regional Office for Europe, 1989.
    • (1989) Environmental Health Series Report , vol.34
  • 42
    • 0033033624 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of 19 polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in long-finned pilot whale (Globicephala melas) from the Atlantic
    • Lindstrom G, Wingfors H, Dam M, van Bavel B. Identification of 19 polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in long-finned pilot whale (Globicephala melas) from the Atlantic. Arch Environ Contain Toxicol 36(3):355-363 (1999).
    • (1999) Arch Environ Contain Toxicol , vol.36 , Issue.3 , pp. 355-363
    • Lindstrom, G.1    Wingfors, H.2    Dam, M.3    Van Bavel, B.4
  • 45
    • 0018873844 scopus 로고
    • Induction of xenobiotic metabolism in rats by short-term administration of brominated diphenyl ethers
    • Carlson GP. Induction of xenobiotic metabolism in rats by short-term administration of brominated diphenyl ethers. Toxicol Lett 5(1):19-25 (1980).
    • (1980) Toxicol Lett , vol.5 , Issue.1 , pp. 19-25
    • Carlson, G.P.1
  • 46
    • 0023547328 scopus 로고
    • Formation of brominated dibenzofurans from the photolysis of flame retardant decabromobiphenyl ether in hexane solution by UV and sunlight
    • Watanabe I, Tatsukawa R. Formation of brominated dibenzofurans from the photolysis of flame retardant decabromobiphenyl ether in hexane solution by UV and sunlight. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 39:953-959 (1987).
    • (1987) Bull Environ Contam Toxicol , vol.39 , pp. 953-959
    • Watanabe, I.1    Tatsukawa, R.2
  • 48
    • 0344654961 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bioaccumulation kinetics of brominated flame retardants (polybrominated diphenyl ethers) in blue mussels (Mytilus edulis)
    • Gustafsson K, Björk M, Burreau S, Gilek M. Bioaccumulation kinetics of brominated flame retardants (polybrominated diphenyl ethers) in blue mussels (Mytilus edulis). Environ Toxicol Chem 18(6):1218-1224 (1999).
    • (1999) Environ Toxicol Chem , vol.18 , Issue.6 , pp. 1218-1224
    • Gustafsson, K.1    Björk, M.2    Burreau, S.3    Gilek, M.4
  • 49
    • 0003108160 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Uptake of PBDEs in pike (Esox lucius) from food
    • Burreau S, Broman D. Uptake of PBDEs in pike (Esox lucius) from food Organohalogen Compounds 35:39-42 (1998).
    • (1998) Organohalogen Compounds , vol.35 , pp. 39-42
    • Burreau, S.1    Broman, D.2
  • 50
    • 0033607458 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in Swedish human milk. A time-related trend study, 1972-1997
    • Mieronyté D, Norén K, Bergman Å. Analysis of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in Swedish human milk. A time-related trend study, 1972-1997. J Toxicol Environ Health, Part A 58:329-341 (1999).
    • (1999) J Toxicol Environ Health, Part A , vol.58 , pp. 329-341
    • Mieronyté, D.1    Norén, K.2    Bergman, Å.3
  • 53
    • 0343580450 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification and quantitation of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and methoxy-polybrominated diphenyl ethers in Baltic biota
    • Haglund PS, Zook DR, Buser HR, Hu J. Identification and quantitation of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and methoxy-polybrominated diphenyl ethers in Baltic biota. Environ Sci Technol 31:3281-3287 (1997).
    • (1997) Environ Sci Technol , vol.31 , pp. 3281-3287
    • Haglund, P.S.1    Zook, D.R.2    Buser, H.R.3    Hu, J.4
  • 54
    • 0032248083 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Concentrations of the flame retardant 2,2′,4,4′-tetrabrominated diphenyl ether in human adipose tissue in Swedish persons and the risk for non-Hodgkin lymphoma
    • Hardell L, Lindstrom G, van Bavel B, Wingfors H, Sundelin E, Liljegren G. Concentrations of the flame retardant 2,2′,4,4′-tetrabrominated diphenyl ether in human adipose tissue in Swedish persons and the risk for non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Oncol Res 10(8):429-432 (1998).
    • (1998) Oncol Res , vol.10 , Issue.8 , pp. 429-432
    • Hardell, L.1    Lindstrom, G.2    Van Bavel, B.3    Wingfors, H.4    Sundelin, E.5    Liljegren, G.6
  • 56
    • 0000741177 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in human adipose tissue and relation with watching television - A case study
    • de Boer J, Robertson LW, Dettmer F, Wichmann H, Bahadir M. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in human adipose tissue and relation with watching television - a case study. Organohalogen Compounds 35:407-410 (1998).
    • (1998) Organohalogen Compounds , vol.35 , pp. 407-410
    • De Boer, J.1    Robertson, L.W.2    Dettmer, F.3    Wichmann, H.4    Bahadir, M.5
  • 57
    • 0026346973 scopus 로고
    • Mass spectral confirmation of chlorinated and brominated diphenylethers in human adipose tissues
    • Stanley JS, Cramer PH, Thornburg KR, Remmers JC, Breen JJ, Schemberger J. Mass spectral confirmation of chlorinated and brominated diphenylethers in human adipose tissues. Chemosphere 23(8-10):1185-1195 (1991).
    • (1991) Chemosphere , vol.23 , Issue.8-10 , pp. 1185-1195
    • Stanley, J.S.1    Cramer, P.H.2    Thornburg, K.R.3    Remmers, J.C.4    Breen, J.J.5    Schemberger, J.6
  • 59
    • 0019819453 scopus 로고
    • Polybrominated aromatic pollutants in fish in Sweden
    • Andersson O, Blomkvist G. Polybrominated aromatic pollutants in fish in Sweden. Chemosphere 10:1051-1060 (1981).
    • (1981) Chemosphere , vol.10 , pp. 1051-1060
    • Andersson, O.1    Blomkvist, G.2
  • 60
    • 0000202953 scopus 로고
    • Organochlorine compounds and bromodiphenylethers in livers of Atlantic cod (Globicephala melas) from the North Sea, 1977-1987
    • de Boer J. Organochlorine compounds and bromodiphenylethers in livers of Atlantic cod (Globicephala melas) from the North Sea, 1977-1987. Chemosphere 18:2131-2140 (1989).
    • (1989) Chemosphere , vol.18 , pp. 2131-2140
    • De Boer, J.1
  • 61
    • 0001578757 scopus 로고
    • Brominated diphenyl ethers in the Dutch freshwater and marine fish
    • de Boer J. Brominated diphenyl ethers in the Dutch freshwater and marine fish. Organohalogen Compounds 2:315-318 (1990).
    • (1990) Organohalogen Compounds , vol.2 , pp. 315-318
    • De Boer, J.1
  • 62
    • 0027325212 scopus 로고
    • Polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDE) in biological samples from the Swedish environment
    • Sellström U, Jansson B, Kierkegaard A, de Wit C. Polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDE) in biological samples from the Swedish environment. Chemosphere 26:1703-1718 (1993).
    • (1993) Chemosphere , vol.26 , pp. 1703-1718
    • Sellström, U.1    Jansson, B.2    Kierkegaard, A.3    De Wit, C.4
  • 64
    • 0029192831 scopus 로고
    • Polybrominated biphenyl and diphenylether flame retardants: Analysis, toxicity, and environmental occurrence
    • Pijnenburg AM, Everts JW, de Boer J, Boon JP. Polybrominated biphenyl and diphenylether flame retardants: analysis, toxicity, and environmental occurrence. Rev Environ Contam Toxicol 141:1-26 (1995).
    • (1995) Rev Environ Contam Toxicol , vol.141 , pp. 1-26
    • Pijnenburg, A.M.1    Everts, J.W.2    De Boer, J.3    Boon, J.P.4
  • 68
    • 12644304927 scopus 로고
    • (CAS No. 1163-19-5) in F344/N Rats and B6C3F, Mice (Feed Studies). TR 309 Research Triangle Park, NC:National Toxicology Program
    • NTP. Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Decabromodiphenyl Oxide (CAS No. 1163-19-5) in F344/N Rats and B6C3F, Mice (Feed Studies). TR 309 Research Triangle Park, NC:National Toxicology Program, 1986.
    • (1986) Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Decabromodiphenyl Oxide
  • 69
    • 0025233496 scopus 로고
    • Induction of rat liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 by the pentabromo diphenyl ether Bromkal 70 and half-lives of its components in the adipose tissue
    • von Meyerinck L, Hufnagel B, Schmoldt A, Benthe HF. Induction of rat liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 by the pentabromo diphenyl ether Bromkal 70 and half-lives of its components in the adipose tissue. Toxicology 61(3):259-274 (1990).
    • (1990) Toxicology , vol.61 , Issue.3 , pp. 259-274
    • Von Meyerinck, L.1    Hufnagel, B.2    Schmoldt, A.3    Benthe, H.F.4
  • 70
    • 0031952091 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolism of 2,2′,4,4′-tetrabromodiphenyl ether in rat and mouse
    • Örn U, Klasson-Wehler E. Metabolism of 2,2′,4,4′-tetrabromodiphenyl ether in rat and mouse. Xenobiotica 28(2):199-211 (1998).
    • (1998) Xenobiotica , vol.28 , Issue.2 , pp. 199-211
    • Örn, U.1    Klasson-Wehler, E.2
  • 71
    • 0019225406 scopus 로고
    • Induction of xenobiotic metabolism in rats by brominated diphenyl ethers administered for 90 days
    • Carlson GP. Induction of xenobiotic metabolism in rats by brominated diphenyl ethers administered for 90 days. Toxicol Lett 6(3):207-212 (1980).
    • (1980) Toxicol Lett , vol.6 , Issue.3 , pp. 207-212
    • Carlson, G.P.1
  • 76
    • 0028158270 scopus 로고
    • Immunologic and endocrine effects of the flame-retardant pentabromodiphenyl ether (DE-71) in C57BL/6J mice
    • Fowles JR, Fairbrother A, Baecher-Steppan L, Kerkvliet NI. Immunologic and endocrine effects of the flame-retardant pentabromodiphenyl ether (DE-71) in C57BL/6J mice. Toxicology 86(1-2):49-61 (1994).
    • (1994) Toxicology , vol.86 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 49-61
    • Fowles, J.R.1    Fairbrother, A.2    Baecher-Steppan, L.3    Kerkvliet, N.I.4
  • 77
    • 0001097350 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and chlorinated paraffins (CPs) on thyroid hormone levels and enzyme activities in rats
    • Hallgren S, Darnerud PO. Effects of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and chlorinated paraffins (CPs) on thyroid hormone levels and enzyme activities in rats. Organohalogen Compounds 35:391-394 (1998).
    • (1998) Organohalogen Compounds , vol.35 , pp. 391-394
    • Hallgren, S.1    Darnerud, P.O.2
  • 78
    • 0025746662 scopus 로고
    • Swedish dioxin survey: Evaluation of the H-4-II E bioassay for screening environmental samples for dioxin-like enzyme induction
    • Hanberg A. Stählberg M, Georgellis A, de Wit C, Ahlborg UG. Swedish dioxin survey: evaluation of the H-4-II E bioassay for screening environmental samples for dioxin-like enzyme induction. Pharmacol Toxicol 69:442-449 (1991).
    • (1991) Pharmacol Toxicol , vol.69 , pp. 442-449
    • Hanberg, A.1    Stählberg, M.2    Georgellis, A.3    De Wit, C.4    Ahlborg, U.G.5
  • 80
    • 0025175855 scopus 로고
    • Immunosuppressive and monooxygenase induction activities of polychlorinated diphenyl ether congeners in C57BL/6N mice: Quantitative structure-activity relationships
    • Howie L, Dickerson R, Davis D, Safe S. Immunosuppressive and monooxygenase induction activities of polychlorinated diphenyl ether congeners in C57BL/6N mice: quantitative structure-activity relationships. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 105(2):254-263 (1990).
    • (1990) Toxicol Appl Pharmacol , vol.105 , Issue.2 , pp. 254-263
    • Howie, L.1    Dickerson, R.2    Davis, D.3    Safe, S.4
  • 81
    • 0027141601 scopus 로고
    • Immunosuppressive effects of highly chlorinated biphenyls and diphenyl ethers on T-cell dependent and independent antigens in mice
    • Harper N, Howie L, Connor K, Dickerson R, Safe S. Immunosuppressive effects of highly chlorinated biphenyls and diphenyl ethers on T-cell dependent and independent antigens in mice. Toxicology 85(2-3):123-135 (1993).
    • (1993) Toxicology , vol.85 , Issue.2-3 , pp. 123-135
    • Harper, N.1    Howie, L.2    Connor, K.3    Dickerson, R.4    Safe, S.5
  • 82
    • 0028344926 scopus 로고
    • Polychlorinated biphenyls as hormonally active structural analogues
    • McKinney JD, Waller CL. Polychlorinated biphenyls as hormonally active structural analogues. Environ Health Perspect 102:290-297 (1994).
    • (1994) Environ Health Perspect , vol.102 , pp. 290-297
    • McKinney, J.D.1    Waller, C.L.2
  • 83
    • 0343103308 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • cited 5 May [8(e) report numbers 04760A, 04856A, and 05420A]
    • U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. [TSCA Section] 8(e) TRIAGE Chemical Studies Database. Available: http://www.epa.gov/docs/8e_triag/ [cited 5 May 1999]. [8(e) report numbers 04760A, 04856A, and 05420A.]
    • (1999) [TSCA Section] 8(e) TRIAGE Chemical Studies Database
  • 84
    • 0032968438 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brominated flame retardants induce intragenic recombination in mammalian cells
    • Helleday T, Tuominen KL, Bergman A, Jenssen D. Brominated flame retardants induce intragenic recombination in mammalian cells. Mutat Res 439(2):137-147 (1999).
    • (1999) Mutat Res , vol.439 , Issue.2 , pp. 137-147
    • Helleday, T.1    Tuominen, K.L.2    Bergman, A.3    Jenssen, D.4
  • 86
    • 0030898799 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of maternal exposure to chlorinated diphenyl ethers on thyroid hormone concentrations in maternal and juvenile rats
    • Rosiak KL, Seo BW, Chu I, Francis BM. Effects of maternal exposure to chlorinated diphenyl ethers on thyroid hormone concentrations in maternal and juvenile rats. J Environ Sci Health B 32(3):377-393 (1997).
    • (1997) J Environ Sci Health B , vol.32 , Issue.3 , pp. 377-393
    • Rosiak, K.L.1    Seo, B.W.2    Chu, I.3    Francis, B.M.4
  • 87
    • 0002750759 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Developmental neurotoxicity of brominated flame-retardants, polybrominated diphenyl ethers and tetrabromo-bisphenol A
    • Eriksson P, Jakobsson E, Fredriksson A. Developmental neurotoxicity of brominated flame-retardants, polybrominated diphenyl ethers and tetrabromo-bisphenol A. Organohalogen Compounds 35:375-377 (1998).
    • (1998) Organohalogen Compounds , vol.35 , pp. 375-377
    • Eriksson, P.1    Jakobsson, E.2    Fredriksson, A.3
  • 88
    • 0030840668 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maternal and developmental toxicity of polychlorinated diphenyl ethers (PCDEs) in Swiss-Webster mice and Sprague-Dawley rats
    • Rosiak K, Li MH, Degitz SJ, Skalla DW, Chu I, Francis BM. Maternal and developmental toxicity of polychlorinated diphenyl ethers (PCDEs) in Swiss-Webster mice and Sprague-Dawley rats. Toxicology 121(3):191-204 (1997).
    • (1997) Toxicology , vol.121 , Issue.3 , pp. 191-204
    • Rosiak, K.1    Li, M.H.2    Degitz, S.J.3    Skalla, D.W.4    Chu, I.5    Francis, B.M.6
  • 90
    • 0030153487 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2+ sequestration in rat cerebellum by polychlorinated diphenyl ether congeners and analogs: Structure-activity relationships
    • 2+ sequestration in rat cerebellum by polychlorinated diphenyl ether congeners and analogs: structure-activity relationships. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 138(2):251-61 (1996).
    • (1996) Toxicol Appl Pharmacol , vol.138 , Issue.2 , pp. 251-261
    • Kodavanti, P.R.1    Ward, T.R.2    McKinney, J.D.3    Waller, C.L.4    Tilson, H.A.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.