메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 85, Issue 5, 2001, Pages 2008-2016

Increased and decreased muscle tone with orexin (hypocretin) microinjections in the locus coeruleus and pontine inhibitory area

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

OREXIN;

EID: 0035005977     PISSN: 00223077     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1152/jn.2001.85.5.2008     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (107)

References (73)
  • 1
    • 0029184279 scopus 로고
    • Microinjections of GABAergic agents in the locus coeruleus modify the gain of vestibulospinal reflexes in decerebrate cats
    • ANDRE P, HORN E, AND POMPEIANO O. Microinjections of GABAergic agents in the locus coeruleus modify the gain of vestibulospinal reflexes in decerebrate cats. Arch Ital Biol 133: 47-75, 1995.
    • (1995) Arch Ital Biol , vol.133 , pp. 47-75
    • Andre, P.1    Horn, E.2    Pompeiano, O.3
  • 2
    • 0019855733 scopus 로고
    • Activity of norepinephrine-containing locus coeruleus neurons in behaving rats anticipates fluctuations in sleep-waking cycle
    • ASTON-JONES G AND BLOOM FE. Activity of norepinephrine-containing locus coeruleus neurons in behaving rats anticipates fluctuations in sleep-waking cycle. J Neurosci 1: 876-886, 1986.
    • (1986) J Neurosci , vol.1 , pp. 876-886
    • Aston-Jones, G.1    Bloom, F.E.2
  • 3
    • 0025938483 scopus 로고
    • Glutamate immunoreactivity in the rat basilar pons: Light and electron microscopy reveals labeled boutons and cells of origin of afferent projections
    • BORDER BG AND MIHAILOFF GA. Glutamate immunoreactivity in the rat basilar pons: light and electron microscopy reveals labeled boutons and cells of origin of afferent projections. Neuroscience 45: 47-61, 1991.
    • (1991) Neuroscience , vol.45 , pp. 47-61
    • Border, B.G.1    Mihailoff, G.A.2
  • 5
    • 0025069606 scopus 로고
    • The atonia and myoclonia of active (REM) sleep
    • CHASE MH AND MORALES FR. The atonia and myoclonia of active (REM) sleep. Annu Rev Physiol 41: 557-584, 1990.
    • (1990) Annu Rev Physiol , vol.41 , pp. 557-584
    • Chase, M.H.1    Morales, F.R.2
  • 8
    • 0024343406 scopus 로고
    • Injections of beta-adrenergic substances in the locus coeruleus affect the gain of vestibulospinal reflexes in decerebrate cats
    • D-ASCANIO P, HORN E, POMPEIANO O, AND STAMPACCHIA G. Injections of beta-adrenergic substances in the locus coeruleus affect the gain of vestibulospinal reflexes in decerebrate cats. Arch Ital Biol 127: 187-218, 1989.
    • (1989) Arch Ital Biol , vol.127 , pp. 187-218
    • D-Ascanio, P.1    Horn, E.2    Pompeiano, O.3    Stampacchia, G.4
  • 11
    • 0032940785 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of orexins on food intake: Comparison with neuropeptide y, melanin-concentrating hormone and galanin
    • EDWARDS CM, ABUSANA S, SUNTER D, MURPHY KG, GHATEI MA, AND BLOOM SR. The effect of orexins on food intake: comparison with neuropeptide Y, melanin-concentrating hormone and galanin. J Endocrinol 160: R7-R12, 1999.
    • (1999) J Endocrinol , vol.160
    • Edwards, C.M.1    Abusana, S.2    Sunter, D.3    Murphy, K.G.4    Ghatei, M.A.5    Bloom, S.R.6
  • 12
    • 0023742981 scopus 로고
    • Activation of locus coeruleus from nucleus paragigantocellularis: A new excitatory amino acid pathway in brain
    • ENNIS M AND ASTON-JONES G. Activation of locus coeruleus from nucleus paragigantocellularis: a new excitatory amino acid pathway in brain. J Neurosci 8: 3644-3657, 1988.
    • (1988) J Neurosci , vol.8 , pp. 3644-3657
    • Ennis, M.1    Aston-Jones, G.2
  • 13
    • 0040540687 scopus 로고
    • Impulse activity of locus coeruleus neurons in awake rats and monkeys is a function of sensory stimulation and arousal
    • FOOTE SL, ASTON-JONES G, AND BLOOM FE. Impulse activity of locus coeruleus neurons in awake rats and monkeys is a function of sensory stimulation and arousal. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 77: 3033-3037, 1980.
    • (1980) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.77 , pp. 3033-3037
    • Foote, S.L.1    Aston-Jones, G.2    Bloom, F.E.3
  • 14
    • 0019415571 scopus 로고
    • Evidence of facilitatory coeruleospinal action in lumbar motoneurons of cats
    • FUNG SJ AND BARNES CD. Evidence of facilitatory coeruleospinal action in lumbar motoneurons of cats. Brain Res 216: 299-311, 1981.
    • (1981) Brain Res , vol.216 , pp. 299-311
    • Fung, S.J.1    Barnes, C.D.2
  • 15
    • 0023103042 scopus 로고
    • Membrane excitability changes in hindlimb motoneurons induced by stimulation of the locus coeruleus in cats
    • FUNG SJ AND BARNES CD. Membrane excitability changes in hindlimb motoneurons induced by stimulation of the locus coeruleus in cats. Brain Res 402: 230-242, 1987.
    • (1987) Brain Res , vol.402 , pp. 230-242
    • Fung, S.J.1    Barnes, C.D.2
  • 18
    • 0023716457 scopus 로고
    • Modulation of rhythmic function in the posterior midbrain
    • GARCIA-RILL E AND SKINNER RD. Modulation of rhythmic function in the posterior midbrain. Neuroscience 27: 639-654, 1988.
    • (1988) Neuroscience , vol.27 , pp. 639-654
    • Garcia-Rill, E.1    Skinner, R.D.2
  • 19
    • 49749218539 scopus 로고
    • A cholinergic mechanism in the brainstem reticular formation: Induction of paradoxical sleep
    • GEORGE R, HASLETT WL, AND JENDEN DJ. A cholinergic mechanism in the brainstem reticular formation: induction of paradoxical sleep. Int J Neuropharmacol 3: 541-552, 1964.
    • (1964) Int J Neuropharmacol , vol.3 , pp. 541-552
    • George, R.1    Haslett, W.L.2    Jenden, D.J.3
  • 20
    • 0018844541 scopus 로고
    • The coeruleospinal noradrenergic neurons: Anatomical and electrophysiological studies in the rat
    • GUYENET PG. The coeruleospinal noradrenergic neurons: anatomical and electrophysiological studies in the rat. Brain Res 189: 121-133, 1980.
    • (1980) Brain Res , vol.189 , pp. 121-133
    • Guyenet, P.G.1
  • 22
    • 0033783926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atonia related regions in the rodent pons and medulla
    • HAJNIK T, LAI YY, AND SIEGEL JM. Atonia related regions in the rodent pons and medulla. J Neurophysiol 84: 1942-1948, 2000.
    • (2000) J Neurophysiol , vol.84 , pp. 1942-1948
    • Hajnik, T.1    Lai, Y.Y.2    Siegel, J.M.3
  • 23
    • 0016017847 scopus 로고
    • A re-evaluation of the effects of lesions of the pontine tegmentum and locus coeruleus on phenomena of paradoxical sleep in the cat
    • HENLEY K AND MORRISON AR. A re-evaluation of the effects of lesions of the pontine tegmentum and locus coeruleus on phenomena of paradoxical sleep in the cat. Acta Neurobiol Exp 34: 215-232, 1974.
    • (1974) Acta Neurobiol Exp , vol.34 , pp. 215-232
    • Henley, K.1    Morrison, A.R.2
  • 24
    • 0016842653 scopus 로고
    • Sleep cycle oscillation: Reciprocal discharge by two brainstem neuronal groups
    • HOBSON JC, MCCARLEY RW, AND WYZINSKI PW. Sleep cycle oscillation: reciprocal discharge by two brainstem neuronal groups. Science 189: 55-58, 1975.
    • (1975) Science , vol.189 , pp. 55-58
    • Hobson, J.C.1    Mccarley, R.W.2    Wyzinski, P.W.3
  • 25
    • 0023554195 scopus 로고
    • Pontine reticular origin of cholinergic excitatory afferents to the locus coeruleus controlling the gain of vestibulospinal and cervicospinal reflexes in decerebrate cats
    • HORN ED, D'ASCANIO P, POMPEIANO O, AND STAMPACCHIA G. Pontine reticular origin of cholinergic excitatory afferents to the locus coeruleus controlling the gain of vestibulospinal and cervicospinal reflexes in decerebrate cats. Arch Ital Biol 125: 273-304, 1987.
    • (1987) Arch Ital Biol , vol.125 , pp. 273-304
    • Horn, E.D.1    D'Ascanio, P.2    Pompeiano, O.3    Stampacchia, G.4
  • 27
    • 0033550889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of lateral cerebroventricular injection of appetite-stimulating neuropeptide, orexin and neuropeptide Y, on the various behavioral activities of rats
    • IDA T, NAKAHARA K, KATAYAMA T, MURAKAMI N, AND NAKAZATO M. Effect of lateral cerebroventricular injection of appetite-stimulating neuropeptide, orexin and neuropeptide Y, on the various behavioral activities of rats. Brain Res 821: 526-529, 1999.
    • (1999) Brain Res , vol.821 , pp. 526-529
    • Ida, T.1    Nakahara, K.2    Katayama, T.3    Murakami, N.4    Nakazato, M.5
  • 28
    • 0034608355 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypocretin/orexin depolarizes and decreases potassium conductance in locus coeruleus neurons
    • IVANOV AY AND ASTON-JONES G. Hypocretin/orexin depolarizes and decreases potassium conductance in locus coeruleus neurons. Neuroreport 11: 1755-1758, 2000.
    • (2000) Neuroreport , vol.11 , pp. 1755-1758
    • Ivanov, A.Y.1    Aston-Jones, G.2
  • 29
    • 0022496009 scopus 로고
    • Single unit activity of locus coeruleus neurons in behaving animals
    • JACOBS BL. Single unit activity of locus coeruleus neurons in behaving animals. Prog Neurobiol 27: 184-194, 1986.
    • (1986) Prog Neurobiol , vol.27 , pp. 184-194
    • Jacobs, B.L.1
  • 30
    • 0014280957 scopus 로고
    • Inhibitory effect evoked through ventral reticulospinal pathways
    • JANKOWSKA E, LUND S, LUNBERG A, AND POMPEIANO O. Inhibitory effect evoked through ventral reticulospinal pathways. Arch Ital Biol 106: 124-140, 1968.
    • (1968) Arch Ital Biol , vol.106 , pp. 124-140
    • Jankowska, E.1    Lund, S.2    Lunberg, A.3    Pompeiano, O.4
  • 31
    • 0000672986 scopus 로고
    • Locus coeruleus et sommeil paradoxal
    • JOUVET M AND DELORME F. Locus coeruleus et sommeil paradoxal. C R Soc Biol 159: 895-899, 1965.
    • (1965) C R Soc Biol , vol.159 , pp. 895-899
    • Jouvet, M.1    Delorme, F.2
  • 32
    • 0034255401 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The hypocretin/orexin ligand-receptor system: Implications for sleep and sleep disorders
    • KILDUFF TS AND PEYRON C. The hypocretin/orexin ligand-receptor system: implications for sleep and sleep disorders. Trends Neurosci 23: 359-365, 2000.
    • (2000) Trends Neurosci , vol.23 , pp. 359-365
    • Kilduff, T.S.1    Peyron, C.2
  • 33
    • 0007473790 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Locus coeruleus and dorsolateral pontine area unit activity during atonia induced by stimulation of the medial medulla in decerebrate rats
    • KIYASHCHENKO LI, MILEYKOVSKIY BY, GULYANI SA, AND SIEGEL JM. Locus coeruleus and dorsolateral pontine area unit activity during atonia induced by stimulation of the medial medulla in decerebrate rats. Soc Neurosci Abstr 25: 626, 1999.
    • (1999) Soc Neurosci Abstr , vol.25 , pp. 626
    • Kiyashchenko, L.I.1    Mileykovskiy, B.Y.2    Gulyani, S.A.3    Siegel, J.M.4
  • 34
    • 0032213771 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inactivation of the pons blocks medullary-induced muscle tone suppression in the decerebrate cat
    • KOHYAMA J, LAI YY, AND SIEGEL JM. Inactivation of the pons blocks medullary-induced muscle tone suppression in the decerebrate cat. Sleep 21: 695-699, 1998.
    • (1998) Sleep , vol.21 , pp. 695-699
    • Kohyama, J.1    Lai, Y.Y.2    Siegel, J.M.3
  • 35
    • 0027483913 scopus 로고
    • Glutamatergic and cholinergic projections to the pontine inhibitory area identified with horseradish peroxidase retrograde transport and immunohistochemistry
    • LAI YY, CLEMENTS JR, AND SIEGEL JM. Glutamatergic and cholinergic projections to the pontine inhibitory area identified with horseradish peroxidase retrograde transport and immunohistochemistry. J Comp Neurol 336: 321-330, 1993.
    • (1993) J Comp Neurol , vol.336 , pp. 321-330
    • Lai, Y.Y.1    Clements, J.R.2    Siegel, J.M.3
  • 36
    • 0025255980 scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular and muscle tone changes produced by microinjection of cholinergic and glutamatergic agonists in dorsolateral pons and medial medulla
    • LAI YY AND SIEGEL JM. Cardiovascular and muscle tone changes produced by microinjection of cholinergic and glutamatergic agonists in dorsolateral pons and medial medulla. Brain Res 514: 27-36, 1990a.
    • (1990) Brain Res , vol.514 , pp. 27-36
    • Lai, Y.Y.1    Siegel, J.M.2
  • 37
    • 0025469587 scopus 로고
    • Muscle tone suppression and stepping produced by stimulation of midbrain and rostral pontine reticular formation
    • LAI YY AND SIEGEL JM. Muscle tone suppression and stepping produced by stimulation of midbrain and rostral pontine reticular formation. J Neurosci 10: 2727-2734, 1990b.
    • (1990) J Neurosci , vol.10 , pp. 2727-2734
    • Lai, Y.Y.1    Siegel, J.M.2
  • 38
    • 0024203807 scopus 로고
    • Medullary region mediating atonia
    • LAI YY AND SIEGEL JM. Medullary region mediating atonia. J Neurosci 8: 4790-4796, 1988.
    • (1988) J Neurosci , vol.8 , pp. 4790-4796
    • Lai, Y.Y.1    Siegel, J.M.2
  • 39
    • 0025720675 scopus 로고
    • Ponto-medullary glutamate receptors mediating locomotion and muscle tone suppression
    • LAI YY AND SIEGEL JM. Ponto-medullary glutamate receptors mediating locomotion and muscle tone suppression. J Neurosci 11: 2931-2937, 1991.
    • (1991) J Neurosci , vol.11 , pp. 2931-2937
    • Lai, Y.Y.1    Siegel, J.M.2
  • 40
    • 0024515793 scopus 로고
    • The action of two monoamines on spinal motoneurons from stimulation of the locus coeruleus in the cat
    • LAI YY, STRAHLENDORF HK, FUNG SJ, AND BARNES CD. The action of two monoamines on spinal motoneurons from stimulation of the locus coeruleus in the cat. Brain Res 484: 268-272, 1989.
    • (1989) Brain Res , vol.484 , pp. 268-272
    • Lai, Y.Y.1    Strahlendorf, H.K.2    Fung, S.J.3    Barnes, C.D.4
  • 42
    • 0032545511 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Independent feeding and metabolic actions of orexins in mice
    • LUBKIN M AND STRICKER-KRONGRAD A. Independent feeding and metabolic actions of orexins in mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 253: 241-245, 1998.
    • (1998) Biochem Biophys Res Commun , vol.253 , pp. 241-245
    • Lubkin, M.1    Stricker-Krongrad, A.2
  • 43
    • 0028923438 scopus 로고
    • Localisation of NMDA receptor subunit mRNAs in the rat locus coeruleus
    • LUQUE JM, MALHERBE P, AND RICHARDS JG. Localisation of NMDA receptor subunit mRNAs in the rat locus coeruleus. Brain Res Mol Brain Res 29: 224-232, 1995.
    • (1995) Brain Res Mol Brain Res , vol.29 , pp. 224-232
    • Luque, J.M.1    Malherbe, P.2    Richards, J.G.3
  • 46
    • 0034668770 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation of pontine and medullary motor inhibitory regions reduces discharge in neurons located in the locus coeruleus and the anatomical equivalent of the midbrain locomotor region
    • MILEYKOVSKIY BY, KIYASHCHENKO LI, KODAMA T, LAI YY, AND SIEGEL JM. Activation of pontine and medullary motor inhibitory regions reduces discharge in neurons located in the locus coeruleus and the anatomical equivalent of the midbrain locomotor region. J Neurosci 20: 8551-8558, 2000.
    • (2000) J Neurosci , vol.20 , pp. 8551-8558
    • Mileykovskiy, B.Y.1    Kiyashchenko, L.I.2    Kodama, T.3    Lai, Y.Y.4    Siegel, J.M.5
  • 47
    • 0033515711 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurons containing orexin in the lateral hypothalamic area of the adult rat brain are activated by insulin-induced acute hypoglycemia
    • MORIGUCHI T, SAKURAI T, NAMBU T, YANAGISAWA M, AND GOTO K. Neurons containing orexin in the lateral hypothalamic area of the adult rat brain are activated by insulin-induced acute hypoglycemia. Neurosci Lett 264: 101-104, 1999.
    • (1999) Neurosci Lett , vol.264 , pp. 101-104
    • Moriguchi, T.1    Sakurai, T.2    Nambu, T.3    Yanagisawa, M.4    Goto, K.5
  • 52
    • 0032467754 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vasopressin in the locus coeruleus and dorsal pontine tegmentum affects posture and vestibulospinal reflexes
    • POMPEIANO O. Vasopressin in the locus coeruleus and dorsal pontine tegmentum affects posture and vestibulospinal reflexes. Prog Brain Res 119: 537-554, 1998.
    • (1998) Prog Brain Res , vol.119 , pp. 537-554
    • Pompeiano, O.1
  • 53
    • 0023197196 scopus 로고
    • The role of the locus coeruleus in the gain regulation of vestibulospinal reflexes
    • POMPEIANO O, SIAMPACCHIA G, HORN E. AND D'ASCANIO P. The role of the locus coeruleus in the gain regulation of vestibulospinal reflexes. Acta Otolaringol (Stockh) 103: 404-409, 1987.
    • (1987) Acta Otolaringol (Stockh) , vol.103 , pp. 404-409
    • Pompeiano, O.1    Siampacchia, G.2    Horn, E.3    D'Ascanio, P.4
  • 54
    • 18544411695 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Orexins, a novel family of hypothalamic neuropeptides, modulale pituitary luteinizing hormone secretion in an ovarian steroid-dependent manner
    • PU S, JAIN MR, KALRA PS, AND KALRA SP. Orexins, a novel family of hypothalamic neuropeptides, modulale pituitary luteinizing hormone secretion in an ovarian steroid-dependent manner. Regul Pept 78: 133-136, 1998.
    • (1998) Regul Pept , vol.78 , pp. 133-136
    • Pu, S.1    Jain, M.R.2    Kalra, P.S.3    Kalra, S.P.4
  • 55
    • 0028071956 scopus 로고
    • Electrocortical desynchronization after microinfusion of kainic acid into the locus coeruleus in rats
    • RISPOLI V, LOPILATO R, PRIOLO E, DAVID E, MARRA R, AND NISTICO G. Electrocortical desynchronization after microinfusion of kainic acid into the locus coeruleus in rats. Funct Neurol 9: 203-208, 1994.
    • (1994) Funct Neurol , vol.9 , pp. 203-208
    • Rispoli, V.1    Lopilato, R.2    Priolo, E.3    David, E.4    Marra, R.5    Nistico, G.6
  • 56
    • 0018724684 scopus 로고
    • Tegmentoreticular projections with special references to the muscular atonia during paradoxical sleep in the cat: An HRP study
    • SAKAI K, SASTRE JP, SALVERT D, TOURET M, TOHYAMA M, AND JOUVET M. Tegmentoreticular projections with special references to the muscular atonia during paradoxical sleep in the cat: an HRP study, Brain Res 176: 233-254, 1979.
    • (1979) Brain Res , vol.176 , pp. 233-254
    • Sakai, K.1    Sastre, J.P.2    Salvert, D.3    Touret, M.4    Tohyama, M.5    Jouvet, M.6
  • 59
    • 0026673234 scopus 로고
    • Motor dyscontrol in narcolepsy: Rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep without atonia and REM sleep behavior disorder
    • SCHENCK CH AND MAHOWALD MW. Motor dyscontrol in narcolepsy: rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep without atonia and REM sleep behavior disorder. Ann Neurol 32: 3-10, 1992.
    • (1992) Ann Neurol , vol.32 , pp. 3-10
    • Schenck, C.H.1    Mahowald, M.W.2
  • 60
    • 0033110653 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glutamate-induced currents in acutely dissociated guinea pig locus coeruleus neurons
    • SENGOKU A, MORI M, OKADA Y, AND KAMIDONO S. Glutamate-induced currents in acutely dissociated guinea pig locus coeruleus neurons. Kobe J Med Sci 45: 85-92, 1999.
    • (1999) Kobe J Med Sci , vol.45 , pp. 85-92
    • Sengoku, A.1    Mori, M.2    Okada, Y.3    Kamidono, S.4
  • 61
    • 0033588319 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Narcolepsy: A key role for hypocretins
    • SIEGEL JM. Narcolepsy: a key role for hypocretins. Cell 98: 409-412, 1999.
    • (1999) Cell , vol.98 , pp. 409-412
    • Siegel, J.M.1
  • 63
    • 0020626612 scopus 로고
    • Rostral brainstem contributes to medullary inhibition of muscle tone
    • SIEGEL JM, NIENHUIS R, AND TOMASZEWSKI KS. Rostral brainstem contributes to medullary inhibition of muscle tone. Brain Res 268: 344-348, 1983.
    • (1983) Brain Res , vol.268 , pp. 344-348
    • Siegel, J.M.1    Nienhuis, R.2    Tomaszewski, K.S.3
  • 64
    • 0023583860 scopus 로고
    • Effects of microinjection of a cholinergic agonist into the locus coeruleus on gain of vestibulospinal reflexes in decerebrate cats
    • STAMPACCHIA G, BARNES CD, D'ASCANIO P, AND POMPEIANO O. Effects of microinjection of a cholinergic agonist into the locus coeruleus on gain of vestibulospinal reflexes in decerebrate cats. Arch Ital Biol 125: 107-138, 1987.
    • (1987) Arch Ital Biol , vol.125 , pp. 107-138
    • Stampacchia, G.1    Barnes, C.D.2    D'Ascanio, P.3    Pompeiano, O.4
  • 66
    • 0032782975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distribution and quantification of immunoreactive orexin a in rat tissues
    • TAHERI S, MAHMOODI M, OPACKA-JUFFRY J, GNATEI MA, AND BLOOM SR. Distribution and quantification of immunoreactive orexin A in rat tissues, FEBS Lett 457: 157-161, 1999.
    • (1999) FEBS Lett , vol.457 , pp. 157-161
    • Taheri, S.1    Mahmoodi, M.2    Opacka-Juffry, J.3    Gnatei, M.A.4    Bloom, S.R.5
  • 67
    • 0033608174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stimulation of gastric-acid secretion by centrally administered OX-A in conscious rats
    • TAKAHASHI N, OKUMURA T, YAMADA H, AND KOHGO Y. Stimulation of gastric-acid secretion by centrally administered OX-A in conscious rats. Biochem Biophys Commun 254: 623-627, 1999.
    • (1999) Biochem Biophys Commun , vol.254 , pp. 623-627
    • Takahashi, N.1    Okumura, T.2    Yamada, H.3    Kohgo, Y.4
  • 68
    • 0028286198 scopus 로고
    • Discharge properties of medullary reticulospinal neurons during postural changes induced by intrapontine injections of carbachol, atropine and serotonin and their functional linkages to hindlimb motoneurons in cats
    • TAKAKUSAKI K, SHIMODA N, MATSUYAMA K, AND MORI S. Discharge properties of medullary reticulospinal neurons during postural changes induced by intrapontine injections of carbachol, atropine and serotonin and their functional linkages to hindlimb motoneurons in cats. Exp Brain Res 99: 361-374, 1994.
    • (1994) Exp Brain Res , vol.99 , pp. 361-374
    • Takakusaki, K.1    Shimoda, N.2    Matsuyama, K.3    Mori, S.4
  • 71
    • 0030565540 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ultrastructural location of the kainate selective glutamate receptor in noradrenergic perikarya and dendrites of the nucleus locus coeruleus in the rat brain
    • VAN BOCKSTAELE EJ AND COLAGO EE. Ultrastructural location of the kainate selective glutamate receptor in noradrenergic perikarya and dendrites of the nucleus locus coeruleus in the rat brain. Brain Res 732: 223-231, 1996.
    • (1996) Brain Res , vol.732 , pp. 223-231
    • Van Bockstaele, E.J.1    Colago, E.E.2
  • 72
    • 0032189780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Presynaptic and postsynaptic actions and modulation of neuroendocrine neurons by a new hypothalamic peptide. Hypocretin/orexin
    • VAN DEN POL A. GAO X-B, OBRIETAN K, KILDUFF TS, AND BELOUSOV A. Presynaptic and postsynaptic actions and modulation of neuroendocrine neurons by a new hypothalamic peptide. hypocretin/orexin. J Neurosci 18: 7962-7971, 1998.
    • (1998) J Neurosci , vol.18 , pp. 7962-7971
    • Van Den Pol, A.1    Gao, X.-B.2    Obrietan, K.3    Kilduff, T.S.4    Belousov, A.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.