The flowers in extant basal angiosperms and inferences on ancestral flowers

International Journal of Plant Sciences

Volumn 162, Issue 5, 2001, Pages 1111-1140

  Endress, P K ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ZURICH   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

Amborellaceae; ANITA grade; Austrobaileyaceae; Basal angiosperms; Cabombaceae; Ceratophyllaceae; Chloranthaceae; Floral biology; Floral development; Floral structure; Illiciaceae; Nymphaeaceae; Schisandraceae; Trimeniaceae

Indexed keywords

FLOWER;

EID: 0034890287     PISSN: 10585893     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1086/321919     Document Type: Article

References (222)

1. Size and shape in ontogeny and phylogeny
2. Floral scents, leaf volatiles and thermogenic flowers in Magnoliaceae
3. Amborella trichopoda Baill., a new morphological type of vesselless dicotyledon
4. The morphology and relationships of Austrobaileya
5. Sur des pétales à structure anormale
6. Independent and combined analyses of sequences from all three genomic compartments converge on the root of flowering plant phylogeny
7. Evolutionary consequences of dating the Yixian formation
8. Genetic clues to petal evolution
9. Taxonomic revision of the genus Nuphar Sm. of North America and Europa
10. Convergent evolution and adaptive radiation of beetle-pollinated angiosperms
11. Self-isolation and insect pollination in the primitive angiosperms: New evaluations of older hypotheses
12. Phylogenetic analysis of noncoding chloroplast DNA sequences reveals Amborella as basalmost angiosperm
13. Evidence for the earliest stage of angiosperm pollen evolution: A paleoequatorial section from Israel
14. Biology of the angiosperm pollen grain
15. Untersuchungen zur ultraviolettreflexion von angiospermenblüten. II. Magnoliidae, ranunculidae, hamamelididae, caryophyllidae, rosidae
16. Floral structure and development of Acoraceae and its systematic relationships with basal angiosperms
17. Floral biology of Nymphaea mexicana Zucc. (Nymphaeaceae)
18. Phylogenetics of seed plants: An analysis of nucleotide sequences from the plastid gene rbcL
19. Contributions à l'étude de la classe des Nymphéinées
20. The war of the whorls: Genetic interactions controlling flower development
21. Arboretum collection makes headline news
22. British Mesozoic microspores and pollen grains: A systematic and stratigraphic study
23. A note on the pollination of nocturnally flowering species of Nymphaea
24. Reproductive structure and function in Cretaceous Chloranthaceae
25. The origin and early diversification of angiosperms
26. Das blütennektarium von Magnolia und die futterkörper in der blüte von Calycanthus
27. Ondinea, a new genus of Nymphaeaceae
28. Beetle pollination and floral thermogenicity in Magnolia tamaulipana (Magnoliaceae)
29. Toward a new synthesis: Major evolutionary trends in the angiosperm fossil record
30. Phylogenetic analysis of angiosperms and the relationships of Hamamelidae
31. Cretaceous angiosperm pollen of the Atlantic coastal plain and its evolutionary significance
32. Patterns of evolution in early angiosperms
33. Molecules, morphology, fossils, and the relationship of angiosperms and Gnetales
34. Angiosperm pollen from the pre-Albian Lower Cretaceous of equatorial Africa
35. Integration of morphological and ribosomal RNA data on the origins of angiosperms
36. Morphological phylogenetic analysis of basal angiosperms: Comparison and combination with molecular data
37. Diversification of early angiosperm pollen in a cladistic context
38. Bau der weiblichen blüten von Hedyosmum mexicanum cordemoy (Chloranthaceae)
39. Floral structure and relationships of Hortonia (Monimiaceae)
40. Ontogeny, function and evolution of extreme floral construction in Monimiaceae
41. The reproductive structures and systematic position of the Austrobaileyaceae
42. Syncarpy and alternative modes of escaping disadvantages of apocarpy in primitive angiosperms
43. The early floral development of Austrobaileya
44. The flowering process in the Eupomatiaceae (Magnoliales)
45. The role of inner staminodes in the floral display of some relic Magnoliales
46. Reproductive structures and phylogenetic significance of extant primitive angiosperms
47. The Chloranthaceae: Reproductive structures and phylogenetic position
48. Floral phyllotaxis and floral evolution
49. Evolution of reproductive structures and functions in primitive angiosperms (Magnoliidae)
50. Patterns of flower construction in ontogeny and phylogeny
51. Protogynous flowers in Monimiaceae
52. Evolutionary aspects of the floral structure in Ceratophyllum
53. Floral structure and evolution of primitive angiosperms: Recent advances
54. Shapes, sizes and evolutionary trends in stamens of Magnoliidae
55. Diversity and evolutionary trends in angiosperm anthers
56. The diversity of stamen structures and dehiscence patterns among Magnoliidae
57. Gynoecium diversity and systematics of the Laurales
58. Patterns of angiospermy in basal angiosperms
59. Gynoecium diversity and systematics of the basal eudicots
60. Gynoecium structure and evolution in basal angiosperms
61. The reproductive structures of the basal angiosperm Amborella trichopoda (Amborellaceae)
62. Floral structure and relationships of the Trimeniaceae (Laurales)
63. Zum karpellbau einiger magnoliiden
64. Zur sequenz von blütenorganen bei einigen magnoliiden
65. Breeding system and pollination of Nuphar luteum (L.) Smith (Nymphaeaceae) in Norway
66. Structure and function of tracheary elements in Amborella trichopoda
67. Delphinidin 3-galloyl-galactosides from blue flowers of Nymphaea caerulea
68. Anthocyanins from flowers and leaves of Nymphaea x marliacea cultivars
69. Floral evidence for Cretaceous chloranthoid angiosperms
70. Stamen diversity and in situ pollen of Cretaceous angiosperms
71. Origin and evolution of angiosperm flowers
72. Early angiosperm diversification: The diversity of pollen associated with angiosperm reproductive structures in Early Cretaceous floras from Portugal
73. Reproductive structure and organization of basal angiosperms from the Early Cretaceous (Barremian or Aptian) of Portugal
74. Fossil evidence of water lilies in the Early Cretaceous
75. The mostly male theory of flower evolutionary origins: From genes to fossils
76. Ultraviolet reflectance and absorption patterns in flowers of Nymphaea alba L., Nymphaea candida Presl, and Nuphar lutea (L.) Sm. (Nymphaeaceae)
77. The structure and function of the primitive angiosperm flower - A discussion
78. Some aspects of beetle pollination in the evolution of flowering plants
79. The reproductive biology of primitive angiosperms
80. Comments on flower evolution and beetle pollination in the genera Annona and Rollinia (Annonaceae)
81. Pollination and evolution in Neotropical Annonaceae
82. Blue flower pigmentation and evolutionary advancement
83. Reproductive biology in the primitive relic angiosperm Drimys brasiliensis (Winteraceae)
84. Utility of 17 chloroplast genes for inferring the phylogeny of the basal angiosperms
85. Microstructural changes in noncoding chloroplast DNA: Interpretation, evolution, and utility of indels and inversions in basal angiosperm phylogenetic inference
86. The co-radiation of pollinating insects and angiosperms in the Cretaceous
87. Ribosomal RNA as a phylogenetic tool in plant systematics
88. Note on the bearing of the pattern of vascular bundles on the morphology of the stamens of Victoria amazonica (Poepp.) Sowerby
89. Biological Flora of the British Isles: Nuphar
90. Biological Flora of the British Isles: Nymphaea L. em. Sm. (nom. conserv.)
91. Vergleichend-morphologische und entwicklungsgeschichtliche untersuchungen über das perianth bei den polycarpicae
92. Zur kenntnis der schraubenstellungen im pflanzenreich
93. The origin and early evolution of angiosperm stamens
94. The diversity of anther structures and dehiscence patterns among Hamamelididae
95. Barremian earliest angiosperm pollen
96. Records of angiospermid pollen entry into the English Early Cretaceous succession
97. Gynoecium diversity and systematics of basal monocots
98. Functional syncarpy in the two primitive apocarpous angiosperms Kadsura japonica (Schisandraceae) and Galbulimima baccata (Himantandraceae)
99. Gynoecium diversity and systematics of the Magnoliales and winteroids
100. Gynoecium diversity and systematics of the paleoherbs
101. Studies in the floral morphology and anatomy of Nymphaeales. I. The morphology of vascular bundles in the flower of Nymphaea tetragona George
102. Studies in the floral morphology and anatomy of the Nymphaeales. II. Floral anatomy of Nymphaea tetragona George
103. Studies in the floral morphology and anatomy of Nymphaeales. III. Floral anatomy of Brasenia schreberi Gmel. and Cabomba caroliniana A
104. Amborellaceae
105. Floral scent compounds of Amazonian Annonaceae species pollinated by small beetles and thrips
106. The life history of Euryale ferox Salisb, in southwestern Japan with special reference to reproductive ecology
107. Probable angiosperm pollen from British Barremian to Albian strata
108. Observations on the flowers of Illicium
109. The genus Ondinea (Nymphaeaceae) including a new subspecies from the Kimberley region, Western Australia
110. The floral mechanism of woo-we-dzy Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill
111. Evolution of the petal and stamen developmental programs: Evidence from comparative studies of the lower eudicots and basal angiosperms
112. Recent progress in reconstructing angiosperm phylogeny
113. UV-reflectance in flowers of Nymphaea alba L. and Nuphar lutea (L.) Sm. (Nymphaeaceae)
114. Über die Karpelle verschiedener Magnoliales. I
115. Über die Karpelle verschiedener Magnoliales. III. Schisandra (Schisandraceae)
116. Über die karpelle verschiedener magnoliales. VIII. Überblick über alle familien der ordnung
117. Ceratophyllaceae
118. Phylogeny, classification and floral evolution of water lilies (Nymphaeaceae; Nymphaeales): A synthesis of non-molecular, rbcL, matK, and 18S rDNA data
119. Pollination by flies, bees, and beetles of Nuphar ozarkana and N. advena (Nymphaeaceae)
120. Pollination of Nuphar (Nymphaeaceae) in Europe: Flies and bees rather than Donacia beetles
121. Ontogeny of staminate and carpellate flowers of Schisandra sphenanthera (Schisandraceae)
122. The avoidance of interference between the presentation of pollen and stigmas in angiosperms. I. Dichogamy
123. Pollination ecology of Chloranthus serratus (Thunb.) Roem. et Schult. and Ch. fortunei (A. Gray) Solms-Laub. (Chloranthaceae)
124. A contribution to the reproductive biology of Chloranthus holostegius (Chloranthaceae) in Mile population
125. The root of angiosperm phylogeny inferred from duplicate phytochrome genes
126. Basal angiosperm phylogeny inferred from duplicate phytochromes A and C
127. Nymphaea revisited: A preliminary communication
128. Early angiosperms from the Lower Cretaceous Crato Formation (Brazil), a preliminary report
129. The morphology and relationships of the Monimiaceae
130. Morphological studies on the Nymphaeaceae. I. The nature of the stamens
131. Morphological studies of the Nymphaeaceae. II. The flower of Nymphaea
132. Morphological studies of the Nymphaeaceae. III. The floral anatomy of Nuphar
133. Morphological studies of Nymphaeaceae. VI. Development of flower of Nuphar
134. Morphological studies of the Nymphaeaceae (sensu lato). XIII. Contributions to the vegetative and floral structure of Cabomba
135. Phylogenetic interpretations from selected floral vasculature characters in the Nymphaeaceae sensu lato
136. Thrips pollination of the central Australian cycad, Macrozamia macdonnellii (Cycadales)
137. Palynological evidence on early differentiation of angiosperms
138. Grundzüge einer vergleichenden anatomie der blumenblätter
139. Reproductive biology of Nymphaea capensis Thunb. var. zanzibarensis (Casp.) Verdc. (Nymphaeaceae)
140. The genus Cabomba (Cabombaceae) - A taxonomic study
141. Morphological studies of the Nymphaeaceae sensu lato. XVI. The floral biology of Brasenia schreberi
142. Pollen morphology and ultrastructure of the Cabombaceae: Correlations with pollination biology
143. Phylogenetic relationships in Nuphar (Nymphaeaceae): Evidence from morphology, chloroplast DNA, and nuclear ribosomal DNA
144. Multigene analyses identify the three earliest lineages of extant flowering plants
145. Insect reproduction and floral fragrances: Keys to the evolution of the angiosperms?
146. Self-incompatibility in Austrobaileya scandens
147. A note on the pollination of Nymphaea amazonum Mart. & Zucc. (Nymphaeaceae)
148. Studies of the floral biology of Neotropical Nymphaeaceae. 3
149. A study of the floral biology of Victoria amazonica (Poepp.) Sowerby (Nymphaeaceae)
150. Molecular phylogenetics of the Magnoliidae: Cladistic analyses of nucleotide sequences of the plastid gene rbcL
151. The earliest angiosperms: Evidence from mitochondrial, plastid and nuclear genomes
152. Phylogeny of basal angiosperms: Analyses of five genes from three genomes
153. Was the ANITA rooting of the angiosperm phylogeny affected by long-branch attraction?
154. Flower-associated Brachycera flies as fossil evidence for Jurassic angiosperm origins
155. Circumscription and phylogeny of the Laurales: Evidence from molecular and morphological data
156. Morphological studies of the Nymphaeaceae. IV. Structure and development of the flower of Brasenia schreberi Gmel
157. Floral ontogeny of Illicium floridanum, with emphasis on stamen and carpel development
158. The distribution and systematic relevance of the androecial character polymery
159. Evidence of pre-zygotic self-incompatibility in a conifer
160. Systematics of the genus Illicium L. (Illiciaceae) in Malesia
161. A taxonomic revision of Schisandra section Sphaerostema (Schisandraceae)
162. Monograph of Kadsura (Schisandraceae)
163. Monograph of Schisandra (Schisandraceae)
164. Physiologische und ökologische untersuchungen an blüten tropischer Nymphaea-Arten
165. The floral anatomy of Victoria Schomb. (Nymphaeaceae)
166. Morphological studies on the Nymphaeaceae. IX. The seed of Barclaya longifolia Wall
167. Notes on the floral biology of Nymphaea elegans (Nymphaeaceae) in Texas
168. Observations on the pollination biology of Nymphaea gigantea W. J. Hooker (Nymphaeaceae)
169. Gross morphology and floral biology of Ondinea purpurea den Hartog
170. The floral biology of Nymphaea odorata (Nymphaeaceae)
171. Morphological studies of the Nymphaeaceae. XII. The floral biology of Cabomba caroliniana
172. Nymphaeaceae
173. Comparative developmental morphology of two populations of Ceratophyllum L. (Ceratophyllaceae) and their taxonomy
174. Some peculiar features of the development of the anther in Ceratophyllum demersum and C. pentacanthum (Ceratophyllaceae)
175. Anthecological investigation of three species of the genus Ceratophyllum (Ceratophyllaceae)
176. The families Illiciaceae and Schisandraceae
177. Angiosperm phylogeny inferred from a combined data set of 18S rDNA, rbcL, and atpB sequences
178. Angiosperm phylogeny inferred from 18S ribosomal DNA sequences
179. Angiosperm phylogeny inferred from multiple genes as a research tool for comparative biology
180. Basal lineages of angiosperms: Relationships and implications for floral evolution
181. In search of the first flower: A Jurassic angiosperm, Archaefructus, from northeast China
182. Cretaceous age for the feathered dinosaurs of Liaoning, China
183. Neoteny and the origin of flowering plants
184. Angiosperm ovules and carpels: Their characters and polarities, distribution in basal clades, and structural evolution
185. Development of floral organ identity: Stories from the MADS house
186. Patterns of pollination in primitive angiosperms
187. New perspectives in the pollination biology of basal angiosperms
188. The reproductive biology of a relict - Illicium floridanum Ellis
189. Embryology of Amborella (Amborellaceae): Descriptions and polarity of character states
190. Chloranthaceae
191. Beiträge zur morphologie des gynaeceums. IV. Über das gynaeceum der nymphaeaceen
192. Ontogeny of staminate and carpellate flowers of Schisandra glabra (Schisandraceae)
193. Floral structure, development, and relationships of paleoherbs: Saruma, Cabomba, Lactoris, and selected Piperales
194. Sex change in a woody vine species, Schisandra chinensis, a preliminary note
195. Cuticle evolution in Early Cretaceous angiosperms from the Potomac Group of Virginia and Maryland
196. Biología floral del irrupé, Victoria cruziana D'Orb. (Nymphaeaceae)
197. Developmental stages in the floral biology s.l. of Dutch Nymphaeaceae (Nymphaea alba L., Nymphaea candida Presl, Nuphar lutea (L.) Sm.)
198. The pattern of vascular bundles in the stamens of Nymphaea lotus L. and its bearing on stamen morphology
199. Sertulum Papuanum. 5. Nymphaeaceae
200. Remarkable nectaries: Structure, ecology, organophyletic perspectives. II. Nectarioles
201. Floral bract function, flowering process, and breeding systems of Sarcandra and Chloranthus (Chloranthaceae)
202. A revision of Trimenia Seem. (Trimeniaceae) in the Marquesas Islands with description of a new species, Trimenia nukuhivensis
203. Ultrastructure of Lower Cretaceous angiosperm pollen and the origin and early evolution of flowering plants
204. Reproductive biology of Chloranthus henryi (Chloranthaceae) in northeastern Yunnan
205. The evolution of self-incompatibility in flowering plants: A phylogenetic approach
206. The pollination of Illicium parviflorum (Illiciaceae)
207. A monograph of Nymphaea subgenus Hydrocallis (Nymphaeaceae)
208. Reproductive biology of Nymphaea (Nymphaeaceae)
209. Functional syncarpy by intercarpellary growth of pollen tubes in a primitive apocarpous angiosperm, Illicium floridanum (Illiciaceae)
210. Thrips (Thysanoptera) pollination in Australian subtropical rain forests, with particular reference to pollination of veiny wilkiea Wilkiea huegeliana (Tul.) A.DC. (Monimiaceae)
211. Morphological studies of the Nymphaeaceae sensu lato. XVII. Floral anatomy of Ondinea purpurea subspecies purpurea (Nymphaeaceae)
212. Cabombaceae
213. Floral aspects of Barclaya (Nymphaeaceae): Pollination, ontogeny and structure
214. Ceratophyllum revisited - A study in fruit and leaf variation
215. Some aspects of the reproductive biology of Hydrostemma longifolium (Barclaya longifolia) (Barclayaceae)
216. Blütenphyllotaxis von Nymphaeaceae: Ist das Androecium von Nymphaea, Nuphar etc. spiralig?