In vivo nuclear magnetic resonance studies of glutamate-γaminobutyric acid-glutamine cycling in rodent and human cortex: The central role of glutamine

Journal of Nutrition

Volumn 131, Issue 9 SUPPL., 2001, Pages

  Behar, Kevin L ^a   Rothman, Douglas L ^a  

^a YALE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Astrocyte trafficking; Cerebral glucose utilization; Glutamate glutamine cycle; Glutamine; Neuron; NMR

Indexed keywords

4 AMINOBUTYRATE AMINOTRANSFERASE; 4 AMINOBUTYRIC ACID; CARRIER PROTEIN; GLUCOSE; GLUTAMIC ACID; GLUTAMINASE; GLUTAMINE; GLUTATHIONE; MALATE DEHYDROGENASE (DECARBOXYLATING); NEUROTRANSMITTER; TRICARBOXYLIC ACID;

AMINO ACID TRANSPORT; BRAIN CORTEX; CARBON NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE; CONFERENCE PAPER; GLUCOSE OXIDATION; GLUCOSE UTILIZATION; HUMAN; HYPERAMMONEMIA; MACROGLIA; METABOLISM; NONHUMAN; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY; STOICHIOMETRY; SYNTHESIS;

RODENTIA;

EID: 0034843714     PISSN: 00223166     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/jn/131.9.2498s     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (81)

1. Excitatory amino acid transporter 5, a retinal glutamate transporter coupled to a chloride conductance
2. 13C-magnetic resonance spectroscopy to studies of neuronal/glial relationships
3. 13C NMR spectroscopy: A technique for investigating metabolic compartmentation in the brain
4. 13C]NMR study
5. Synaptic activation of glutamate transporters in hippocampal astrocytes
6. Glial contribution to glutamate uptake at Schaffer collateral-commissural synapses in the hippcampus
7. The astroglial ASCT2 amino acid transporter as a mediator of glutamine efflux
8. 13C NMR
9. Immunocytochemical localization of γ-aminobutyric acid transaminase at cellular and ultrastructural levels
10. Glutamate transporters in glial plasma membranes: Highly differentiated localizations revealed by quantitative ultrastructural immunocytochemistry
11. Molecular analysis of system N suggests novel physiological roles in nitrogen metabolism and synaptic transmission
12. Gliotoxic action of glutamate on cultured astrocytes
13. Glutamate neurotoxicity in cortical cell culture
14. Glutamate immunoreactivity in rat cerebral cortex is reversibly abolished by 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine (DON), an inhibitor of phosphate-activated glutaminase
15. Biochemistry and physiology of brain ammonia
16. 13C NMR studies of metabolic compartmentation in the adult mammalian brain
17. Ontogeny and cellular localization of the pyruvate recycling system in rat brain
18. Cerebral cortex ammonia and glutamine metabolism during liver insufficiency-induced hyperammonemia in the rat
19. An excitatory amino acid transporter with properties of a ligand-gated chloride channel
20. 13C-edited NMR spectroscopy
21. 13C] D-glucose
22. 13C-NMR of glutamate metabolism in the human brain: Initial results at 4 tesla
23. 13C-NMR spectroscopy studies of pyruvate recycling in brain
24. Glial cell function: Uptake of transmitter substances
25. Evidence for net uptake of GABA into mouse astrocytes in primary cultures: Its sodium dependence and potassium independence
26. Glutaminase in neurons and astrocytes cultured from mouse brain: Kinetic properties and effects of phosphate, glutamate, and ammonia
27. 13C] NMR
28. Primary structure and functional characterization of a high affinity glutamate transporter
29. 15N NMR measurement of the in vivo rate of glutamine synthesis and utilization at steady state in the brain of the hyperammonaemic rat
30. 15N nuclear magnetic resonance
31. 2 fixation in vitro
32. Regulation of glutaminase by exogenous glutamate, ammonia and 2-oxoglutarate in synaptosomal enriched preparation from rat brain
33. Kinetic characterization of GABA-transaminase from cultured neurons and astrocytes
34. +-dependent glutamate uptake
35. The role of glia in the inactivation of neurotransmitters
36. Glutamine synthetase: Glial localization in brain
37. 13C NMR
38. Exogenous glutamate concentration regulates the metabolic fate of glutamate in astrocytes
39. Regulation of mitochondrial and cytosolic malic enzymes from cultured rat brain astrocytes
40. GAT-1, a high-affinity GABA plasma membrane transporter, is localized to neurons and astroglia in the cerebral cortex
41. GAT-3, a high-affinity GABA plasma membrane transporter, is localized to astrocytic processes, and it is not confined to the vicinity of GABAergic synapses in the cerebral cortex
42. Glutamate, glutamine and GABA as substrates for the neuronal and glial compartments after focal cerebral ischemia in rats
43. Glutamine is a significant precursor for GABA synthesis in the rat cortex following acute GABA-transaminase inhibition
44. Glutamate uptake into astrocytes stimulates aerobic glycolysis: A mechanism coupling neuronal activity to glucose utilization
45. Utilization of glutamine and TCA cycle constituents as precursors for transmitter glutamate and GABA
46. GABA plasma membrane transporters, GAT-1 and GAT-3, display different distributions in the rat hippocampus
47. 13C-decouple spectroscopic measurements of lactate and glutamate in the rat brain in vivo
48. In vivo nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies of the relationship between the glutamate-glutamine neurotransmitter cycle and functional neuroenergetics
49. Knockout of glutamate transporters reveal a major role for astroglial transport in excitotoxicity and clearance of glutamate
50. Localization of neuronal and glial transporters
51. Net uptake of gamma-aminobutyric acid by a high affinity synaptosomal transport system
52. Glutamate and glutamine metabolism and compartmentation in astrocytes
53. Molecular knockdown of the glutamate transporter EAAC1 reduces new GABA synthesis in rat hippocampus
54. α-Ketoglutarate and malate uptake and metabolism by synaptosomes: Further evidence for an astrocyte to neuron metabolic shuttle
55. 13C]glucose metabolism
56. 13C NMR
57. 15N NMR spectroscopy studies of ammonia transport and glutamine synthesis in the hyperammonemic rat brain
58. Interpreting functional imaging studies in terms of neurotransmitter cycling
59. 13C NMR measurements of cerebral glutamine synthesis as evidence for glutamate-glutamine cycling
60. Stoichiometric coupling of brain glucose metabolism and glutamatergic neuronal activity
61. 13C]glucose infusion in rat brain
62. Functional energy metabolism: In vivo 13C"C-NMR spectroscopy evidence for coupling of cerebral glucose consumption and glutamatergic neuronal activity
63. Sites and mechanisms of function-related changes in energy metabolism in the nervous system
64. Contribution of astroglia to functionally activated energy metabolism
65. 13C]NMR spectroscopy that glutamine from astrocytes is a precursor for GABA synthesis in neurons
66. 2+ concentrations
67. Metabolic coupling between glia and neurons
68. A model of compartmentation in mouse brain based on glucose and acetate metabolism
69. Cloning and functional identification of a neuronal glutamine transporter
70. The regeneration of reduced glutathione in rat forebrain mitochondria identifies metabolic pathways providing the NADPH required
71. 2 fixation in mammalian brain in vivo
72. Exogenous glutamate is metabolized to glutamine and exported by rat primary astrocyte cultures
73. Glutamine and glucose as precursors of transmitter amino acids: Ex vivo studies
74. Metabolic trafficking between neurons and astrocytes: The glutamate-glutamine cycle revisited
75. Glia-specific enzyme systems
76. EAAT4 is a post-synaptic glutamate transporter at Purkinje cell synapses
77. -/neutral amino acid cotransport
78. 14C)-labelled glutamate in astrocytes
79. Brain metabolism of branched-chain amino acids