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Volumn 287, Issue 5457, 2000, Pages 1485-1489

Translocation of C. elegans CED-4 to nuclear membranes during programmed cell death

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CASPASE; CELL PROTEIN; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR;

EID: 0034712042     PISSN: 00368075     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1126/science.287.5457.1485     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (204)

References (42)
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    • 2+-nitrilotriacetic acid-agarose (Qiagen) and injected with RIBI adjuvant into rabbits. The antiserum was affinity-purified against His-10-CED-9 immobilized on nitrocellulose. For the generation of anti-CED-4, full-length ced-4S cDNA was doned into pXHA [S. J. Elledge et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 89, 2907 (1992)]. The hemaggtutinin-CED-4 fusion was purified from indusion bodies of Escherichia coli and injected into rabbits and rats. The rabbit antiserum was used without further purification, and rat antiserum was affinity-purified against glutathione-S- transferase-CED-4 immobilized on nitrocellulose. Embyros were collected by bleaching mixed-stage worms in a 0.8 N NaOH, 8% hypochlorite solution. Embryos were fixed and permeabilized essentially as described [C. Guenther and G. Garriga, Development 122, 3509 (1996)]. Embryos were incubated in a 1:100 dilution of primary antibody, washed four times, incubated for 2 hours in a 1:25 dilution of secondary antibody, washed four times, washed once in phosphate-buffered saline plus 4′,6′-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI, 1 μg/ml), and resuspended in an equal volume of VECTASHIELD mounting medium (Vector Labs). Embryos for mitochondrial colocalization experiments were collected from worms grown in the dark on NGM agar plates containing MitoTracker Red CMXRos (2 μg/ml, Molecular Probes).
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    • Supplementary data can be found in Web figure 1 at
    • Supplementary data can be found in Web figure 1 at www.sciencemag.org/feature/data/1046764.shl.
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    • note
    • Mutant strains carrying the following alleles of cell-death genes were used in this study; ced-1(e1735.), engulfment-defective; ced-3(n717), splice acceptor mutation, exon 7; ced-9(n2812), Q46amber; ced-9(n1950), G169E; ced-9(n1950 n2161), ced-9(n1950 n2077), loss-of-function mutations; ced-9(n1653), Y149N; ced-4(n1162), Q79ochre; ced-4(n2860), E263K; ced-4(n2879), E276K; ced-4(n3040), P23L; ced-4(n3043), D20N; ced-4(n3100). S339P; ced-4(n3141), R53K; egt-1(n1084), G-to-A nucleotide transition at nucleotide +5631; egl-1(n1084 n3082), n 1084 lesion plus 5-base pair (bp) deletion in egl-1 coding region.
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    • Embryos for fractionation were collected as described (11). Embryos were resuspended in five volumes of cold hypotonic buffer (10 mM KCl, 1.5 mM MgCl2, 1 mM EDTA, 1 mM EGTA, 1 mM dithiothreitol, 0.1 mM phenylmethyisulfonyl fluoride, 250 mM sucrose) and homogenized in a 1-ml Dounce tissue grinder. The homogenates were centrifuged at 40g briefly to remove worm debris. The supernatant was centrifuged twice at 750g for 10 min, and the resulting pellets were pooled as the nuclear fraction. The supernatant was further centrifuged at 100,000g for 1 hour. The pellet was designated the organelle and membrane fraction and the supernatant the soluble cytosolic S100 fraction. The pooled nuclear fraction was washed once with homogenization buffer. One-fifth of each fraction was used for immunoblotting analysis. Rabbit polyclonal antibody directed against human acetylated histone H4 (Upstate Biotechnology) was used as a marker for the nuclear fraction. Monoclonal anti-Ce HSP90 was used as a marker for the cytosolic fraction.
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    • note
    • We thank members of the Horvitz laboratory for helpful comments and discussions concerning this manuscript. We thank Y. Yamaguchi and J. Miwa for anti-Ce HSP90 monoclonal antibody; D. Xue for generating pET19b-CED-9ΔC; B. Davies, A. Madi, S. Shaham, E. Speliotes, and C. Stanfield for ced-4 missense mutations; B. Castor for DNA sequence determinations; and M. Boxern and S. van den Heuvel for assistance with microscopy. B.M.H. was supported by a Howard Hughes Predoctoral Fellowship. B.C. was supported by a postdoctoral fellowship from the Jane Coffin Childs Memorial Fund for Medical Research and a Leukemia Society Special Fellowship. Z.Z. was supported by a Cancer Research Fund of the Damon Runyon-Walter Winchell Foundation Fellowship (DRC 1343). H.R.H. is an Investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute.


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