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2-reduced Ru metal black.
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34 Unlike most electrode preparations for fuel-cell-grade nanoscale materials (e.g., ref 7), this approach does not require preparing a modified electrode in which the catalyst is either dispersed in a liquid or exposed to a polymer binder to hold the particles at the electrode surface. Our use of sticky carbon as a conductive wax allows a direct measurement of the electroactivity of the chemically treated solid without introducing any other steps that might alter the chemical states of the Pt and Ru.
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4 electrolyte under rotating electrode conditions (500 rpm); after each potential step, the steady-state current was recorded at 300 s. All currents are mass-normalized. The initial step starts from +70 mV vs NHE, which poises the Pt surface in a chemical state that allows electrosorption of methanol.
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54
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